0000019617-25-000270 | 10-K | XBRL Viewer

Business Segments & Corporate

Preferred Stock

Preferred stock

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, JPMorganChase was authorized to issue 200 million shares of preferred stock, in one or more series, with a par value of $1 per share. In the event of a liquidation or dissolution of the Firm, JPMorganChase’s preferred stock then outstanding takes precedence over the Firm’s common stock with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets.

The following is a summary of JPMorganChase’s non-cumulative preferred stock outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the quarterly dividend declarations for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.


	Shares(a)		Carrying value (in millions)				Issue date	Contractual rate in effect at December 31, 2024		Earliest redemption date(b)	Floating annualized rate(c)		Dividend declared per share(d)
	December 31,		December 31,										Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2024		2023								2024			2023			2022
Fixed-rate:



Series DD	169,625	169,625	1,696		1,696		9/21/2018	5.750		12/1/2023	NA		575.00			575.00			575.00
Series EE	185,000	185,000	1,850		1,850		1/24/2019	6.000		3/1/2024	NA		600.00			600.00			600.00
Series GG	90,000	90,000	900		900		11/7/2019	4.750		12/1/2024	NA		475.00			475.00			475.00
Series JJ	150,000	150,000	1,500		1,500		3/17/2021	4.550		6/1/2026	NA		455.00			455.00			455.00
Series LL	185,000	185,000	1,850		1,850		5/20/2021	4.625		6/1/2026	NA		462.52			462.52			462.52
Series MM	200,000	200,000	2,000		2,000		7/29/2021	4.200		9/1/2026	NA		420.00			420.00			420.00

Fixed-to-floating rate:
Series I	—	—	$	—	$	—	4/23/2008	—	%	4/30/2018	—	%	$	—		$	—		$	375.03
Series Q	—	150,000	—		1,500		4/23/2013	—		5/1/2023	SOFR + 3.25		220.45			801.41		(g)	515.00
Series R	—	150,000	—		1,500		7/29/2013	—		8/1/2023	SOFR + 3.30		221.70			756.73		(h)	600.00
Series S	—	200,000	—		2,000		1/22/2014	—		2/1/2024	SOFR + 3.78		233.70		(e)	675.00			675.00
Series U	—	100,000	—		1,000		3/10/2014	—		4/30/2024	SOFR + 3.33		153.13			612.50			612.50
Series V	—	—	—		—		6/9/2014	—		7/1/2019	—		—			—			340.91
Series X	—	160,000	—		1,600		9/23/2014	—		10/1/2024	SOFR + 3.33		457.50			610.00			610.00

Series CC	125,750	125,750	1,258		1,258		10/20/2017	SOFR + 2.58		11/1/2022	SOFR + 2.58		812.73			804.08			526.27		(i)
Series FF	—	225,000	—		2,250		7/31/2019	—		8/1/2024	SOFR + 3.38		250.00			500.00			500.00
Series HH	300,000	300,000	3,000		3,000		1/23/2020	4.600		2/1/2025	SOFR + 3.125		460.00			460.00			460.00
Series II	150,000	150,000	1,500		1,500		2/24/2020	4.000		4/1/2025	SOFR + 2.745		400.00			400.00			400.00
Series KK	200,000	200,000	2,000		2,000		5/12/2021	3.650		6/1/2026	CMT + 2.85		365.00			365.00			365.00
Series NN	250,000	NA	2,496		NA		3/12/2024	6.875		6/1/2029	CMT + 2.737		494.63		(f)	NA			NA
Total preferred stock	2,005,375	2,740,375	$	20,050	$	27,404

(a)Represented by depositary shares.

(b)Each series of fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock converts to a floating rate at the earliest redemption date.

(c)Effective June 30, 2023, CME Term SOFR became the replacement reference rate for fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock issued by the Firm that formerly referenced U.S. dollar LIBOR. References in the table to “SOFR” mean a floating annualized rate equal to three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spreads noted. References to “CMT” mean a floating annualized rate equal to the five-year Constant Maturity Treasury (“CMT”) rate plus the spreads noted.

(d)Dividends on preferred stock are discretionary and non-cumulative. When declared, dividends are declared quarterly. Dividends are payable quarterly on fixed-rate preferred stock. Dividends are payable semiannually on fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock while at a fixed rate, and payable quarterly after converting to a floating rate.

(e)The dividend rate for Series S preferred stock became floating and payable quarterly starting on February 1, 2024; prior to which the dividend rate was fixed at 6.75% or $337.50 per share payable semiannually. The dividend rate for each quarterly dividend period commencing on February 1, 2024 was three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spread of 3.78%.

(f)The initial dividend declared was prorated based on the number of days outstanding for the period. Dividends were declared quarterly thereafter at the contractual rate.

(g)The dividend rate for Series Q preferred stock became floating and payable quarterly starting on May 1, 2023; prior to which the dividend rate was fixed at 5.15% or $257.50 per share payable semiannually. The dividend rate for each quarterly dividend period commencing on August 1, 2023 was three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spread of 3.25%.

(h)The dividend rate for Series R preferred stock became floating and payable quarterly starting on August 1, 2023; prior to which the dividend rate was fixed at 6.00% or $300.00 per share payable semiannually. The dividend rate for each quarterly dividend period commencing on August 1, 2023 was three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spread of 3.30%.

(i)The dividend rate for Series CC preferred stock became floating and payable quarterly starting on November 1, 2022; prior to which the dividend rate was fixed at 4.625% or $231.25 per share payable semiannually. The dividend rate for each quarterly dividend period commencing on August 1, 2023 was three-month term SOFR (plus a spread adjustment of 0.26% per annum) plus the spread of 2.58%.

Each series of preferred stock has a liquidation value and redemption price per share of $10,000, plus accrued but unpaid dividends. The aggregate liquidation value was $20.2 billion at December 31, 2024.

Issuances

On February 4, 2025, the Firm issued $3.0 billion of fixed-rate reset non-cumulative preferred stock, Series OO.

On March 12, 2024, the Firm issued $2.5 billion of fixed-rate reset non-cumulative preferred stock, Series NN.

Redemptions

On February 1, 2025, the Firm redeemed all $3.0 billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series HH.

On October 1, 2024, the Firm redeemed all $1.6 billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series X.

On August 1, 2024, the Firm redeemed all $2.3 billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series FF.

On May 1, 2024, the Firm redeemed all $5.0 billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series Q, Series R and Series S.

On April 30, 2024, the Firm redeemed all $1.0 billion of its fixed-to-floating rate non-cumulative preferred stock, Series U.

Redemption rights

Each series of the Firm’s preferred stock may be redeemed on any dividend payment date on or after the earliest redemption date for that series. All outstanding preferred stock series may also be redeemed following a “capital treatment event,” as described in the terms of each series. Any redemption of the Firm’s preferred stock is subject to non-objection from the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve”).

Leases - Carrying Value of Assets Subject to Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Carrying value of assets subject to operating leases, net of accumulated depreciation	$ 12,988	$ 10,663
Accumulated depreciation	$ 2,509	$ 3,288

Securities Financing Activities - Types of Financial Assets Pledged and Remaining Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	$ 603,683	$ 459,985
Securities loaned and other	58,989	52,142
Overnight and continuous
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	308,392	259,048
Securities loaned and other	54,066	49,610
Up to 30 days
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	171,346	102,941
Securities loaned and other	1,463	1,544
30 – 90 days
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	19,932	20,960
Securities loaned and other	1	0
Greater than 90 days
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	104,013	77,036
Securities loaned and other	3,459	988
Mortgage-backed securities, U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	82,645	71,064
Securities loaned and other	0	0
Mortgage-backed securities, Residential - nonagency
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	2,610	2,292
Securities loaned and other	0	0
Mortgage-backed securities, Commercial - nonagency
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	2,344	2,669
Securities loaned and other	0	0
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies(a)
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	300,022	216,467
Securities loaned and other	759	1,034
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	1,872	2,323
Securities loaned and other	0	0
Non-U.S. government debt
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	117,614	97,400
Securities loaned and other	1,852	1,455
Corporate debt securities
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	44,495	39,247
Securities loaned and other	4,033	2,025
Asset-backed securities
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	4,619	2,703
Securities loaned and other	0	0
Equity securities
Securities Financing Transaction [Line Items]
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	47,462	25,820
Securities loaned and other	$ 52,345	$ 47,628

Business Segments & Corporate

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Business segments & Corporate

Business segment reorganization: Effective in the second quarter of 2024, the Firm reorganized its reportable business segments by combining the former Corporate & Investment Bank and Commercial Banking business segments to form one reportable segment, the Commercial & Investment Bank. As a result of the reorganization, the Firm has three reportable business segments – Consumer & Community Banking, Commercial & Investment Bank, and Asset & Wealth Management – with the remaining activities in Corporate.

Adoption of accounting standard — Segment Reporting — Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures: This guidance was adopted retrospectively for the Firm’s annual Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2024. The adoption of this guidance requires additional reportable segment disclosures, primarily relating to significant segment expenses and the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”). Adoption of this guidance did not result in changes to the identification of the Firm’s reportable business segments, or of its CODM.

The Firm is managed on an LOB basis. The business segments are determined based on the products and services provided, or the type of customer served, and they reflect the manner in which financial information is evaluated by the Firm’s Operating Committee, whose members act collectively as the Firm’s CODM. Segment results are presented on a managed basis. Refer to Segment & Corporate results in this footnote for a further discussion of JPMorganChase’s reportable business segments and Corporate.

The following is a description of each of the Firm’s reportable business segments, and the products and services that they provide to their respective client bases, as well as a description of Corporate activities.

Consumer & Community Banking

Consumer & Community Banking offers products and services to consumers and small businesses through bank branches, ATMs, digital (including mobile and online) and telephone banking. CCB is organized into Banking & Wealth Management (including Consumer Banking, Business Banking and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management), Home Lending (including Home Lending Production, Home Lending Servicing and Real Estate Portfolios) and Card Services & Auto. Banking & Wealth Management offers deposit, investment and lending products, cash management, payments and services. Home Lending includes mortgage origination and servicing activities, as well as portfolios consisting of residential mortgages and home equity loans. Card Services issues credit cards and offers travel services. Auto originates and services auto loans and leases.

Commercial & Investment Bank

The Commercial & Investment Bank is comprised of the Banking & Payments and Markets & Securities Services businesses. These businesses offer investment banking, lending, payments, market-making, financing, custody and securities products and services to a global base of corporate and institutional clients. Banking & Payments offers products and services in all major capital markets, including advising on corporate strategy and structure, capital-raising in equity and debt markets, and loan origination and syndication. Banking & Payments also provides services that enable clients to manage payments globally across liquidity and account solutions, commerce solutions, clearing, trade, and working capital. Markets & Securities Services includes Markets, which is a global market-maker across products, including cash and derivative instruments, and also offers sophisticated risk management solutions, lending, prime brokerage, clearing and research. Markets & Securities Services also includes Securities Services, a leading global custodian that provides custody, fund services, liquidity and trading services, and data solutions products.

Asset & Wealth Management

Asset & Wealth Management, with client assets of $5.9 trillion, is a global leader in investment and wealth management.

Asset Management

Offers multi-asset investment management solutions across equities, fixed income, alternatives and money market funds to institutional and retail investors providing for a broad range of clients’ investment needs.

Global Private Bank

Provides retirement products and services, brokerage, custody, estate planning, lending, deposits and investment management to high net worth clients.

The majority of AWM’s client assets are in actively managed portfolios.

Corporate

Corporate consists of Treasury and Chief Investment Office (“CIO”) and Other Corporate. Treasury and CIO is predominantly responsible for measuring, monitoring, reporting and managing the Firm’s liquidity, funding, capital, structural interest rate and foreign exchange risks.

Other Corporate includes staff functions and expense that is centrally managed as well as certain Firm initiatives and activities not solely aligned to a specific LOB. The major Other Corporate functions include Real Estate, Technology, Legal, Corporate Finance, Human Resources, Internal Audit, Risk Management, Compliance, Control Management, Corporate Responsibility and various Other Corporate groups.

Description of business segment reporting methodology

Results of the reportable business segments are intended to present each segment as if it were a stand-alone business. The management reporting process that derives business segment results includes the allocation of certain income and expense items. The Firm periodically assesses the assumptions, methodologies and reporting classifications used for segment reporting, and therefore further refinements may be implemented in future periods. The Firm also assesses the level of capital required for each LOB on at least an annual basis. The Firm’s LOBs also provide various business metrics which are utilized by the Firm and its investors and analysts in assessing performance.

Revenue sharing

When business segments or businesses within each segment join efforts to sell products and services to the Firm’s clients and customers, the participating businesses may agree to share revenue from those transactions. Revenue is generally recognized in the segment responsible for the related product or service, with allocations to the other segments or businesses involved in the transaction. The segment and business results reflect these revenue-sharing agreements.

Expense allocation

Where business segments use services provided by Corporate support units, or another business segment, the costs of those services are allocated to the respective business segments. The expense is generally allocated based on the actual cost and use of services provided. In contrast, certain costs and investments related to Corporate that are not currently utilized by any LOB are not allocated to the business segments and are retained in Corporate. Expense retained in Corporate generally includes costs that would not be incurred if the segments were stand-alone businesses, and other items not solely aligned with a particular reportable business segment.

Funds transfer pricing

Funds transfer pricing (“FTP”) is the process by which the Firm allocates interest income and expense to the LOBs and Other Corporate and transfers the primary interest rate risk and liquidity risk to Treasury and CIO.

The funds transfer pricing process considers the interest rate and liquidity risk characteristics of assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet products.

Periodically, the methodology and assumptions utilized in the FTP process are adjusted to reflect economic conditions and other factors, which may impact the allocation of net interest income to the segments. Effective in the fourth quarter of 2024, the Firm updated its FTP with respect to consumer deposits, which resulted in an increase in the funding benefit reflected within CCB’s net interest income that is fully offset in Corporate, with no effect on the Firm’s net interest income.

Foreign exchange risk

Foreign exchange risk is transferred from the LOBs and Other Corporate to Treasury and CIO for certain revenues and expenses. Treasury and CIO manages these risks centrally and reports the impact of foreign exchange rate movements related to the transferred risk in its results.

Debt expense and preferred stock dividend allocation

As part of the FTP process, almost all of the cost of the credit spread component of outstanding unsecured long-term debt and preferred stock dividends is allocated to the reportable business segments, while the balance of the cost is retained in Corporate. The methodology to allocate the cost of unsecured long-term debt and preferred stock dividends to the business segments is aligned with the relevant regulatory capital requirements and funding needs of the LOBs, as applicable. The allocated cost of unsecured long-term debt is included in a business segment’s net interest income, and net income is reduced by preferred stock dividends, to arrive at a business segment’s net income applicable to common equity.

Capital allocation

Each LOB and Corporate is allocated capital by taking into consideration a variety of factors including capital levels of similarly rated peers and applicable regulatory capital requirements. ROE is measured and internal targets for expected returns are established as key measures of an LOB’s performance.

The Firm’s current equity allocation methodology incorporates Basel III Standardized RWA and the GSIB surcharge, both under rules currently in effect, as well as a simulation of capital depletion in a severe stress environment. At least annually, the assumptions, judgments and methodologies used to allocate capital are reassessed and, as a result, the capital allocated to the LOBs and Corporate may change.

Segment & Corporate results

The following table provides a summary of results for the Firm’s reportable business segments and Corporate activities as of or for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, on a managed basis. The Firm’s definition of managed basis starts with the reported U.S. GAAP results and includes certain reclassifications to present total net revenue for the Firm as a whole (and for each of the reportable business segments and Corporate) on an FTE basis. Accordingly, revenue from investments that receive tax credits and tax-exempt securities is presented in the managed results on a basis comparable to taxable investments and securities. This allows management to assess the comparability of revenue from year-to-year arising from both taxable and tax-exempt

sources. The corresponding income tax impact related to tax-exempt items is recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These adjustments have no impact on net income as reported by the Firm as a whole or by the each of the LOBs and Corporate.

The Operating Committee reviews segment results including net interest income, noninterest revenue, noninterest expense, provision for credit losses and net income on a managed basis. The Operating Committee uses these measures to evaluate segment performance and to make key operating decisions, including resource and capital allocations.

Segment & Corporate results and reconciliation(a)


(Table continued on next page)
As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions, except ratios)	Consumer & Community Banking										Commercial & Investment Bank										Asset & Wealth Management
	2024			2023			2022				2024			2023			2022					2024			2023			2022
Noninterest revenue	$	16,649		$	15,118		$	14,886		(e)	$	48,253		$	43,809		$	39,538		(b)		$	15,023		$	13,560		$	12,507
Net interest income	54,858			55,030			39,928				21,861			20,544			20,097					6,555			6,267			5,241
Total net revenue	71,507			70,148			54,814				70,114			64,353			59,635					21,578			19,827			17,748
Provision for credit losses	9,974			6,899			3,813				762			2,091			2,426					(68)			159			128
Compensation expense(b)	17,045			15,171			13,092				18,191			17,105			16,214					7,984			7,115			6,336
Noncompensation expense(c)(d)	20,991			19,648			18,116				17,162			16,867			15,855					6,430			5,665			5,493
Total noninterest expense	38,036			34,819			31,208			(e)	35,353			33,972			32,069			(b)		14,414			12,780			11,829
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)	23,497			28,430			19,793				33,999			28,290			25,140					7,232			6,888			5,791
Income tax expense/(benefit)	5,894			7,198			4,877			(e)	9,153			8,018			6,002			(b)		1,811			1,661			1,426
Net income/(loss)	$	17,603		$	21,232		$	14,916			$	24,846		$	20,272		$	19,138				$	5,421		$	5,227		$	4,365
Average equity	$	54,500		$	54,349		$	50,000			$	132,000		$	137,507		$	128,000				$	15,500		$	16,671		$	17,000
Total assets	650,268			642,951			514,085				1,773,194			1,638,493			1,591,402					255,385			245,512			232,037
Return on equity	32		%	38		%	29		%		18		%	14		%	14		%			34		%	31		%	25		%
Overhead ratio	53			50			57				50			53			54					67			64			67


(Table continued from previous page)
As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions, except ratios)	Corporate							Reconciling Items(a)						Total
	2024			2023		2022		2024		2023		2022		2024				2023			2022
Noninterest revenue	$	7,608	(f)	$	132	$	(1,798)	$	(2,560)	$	(3,782)	$	(3,148)	$	84,973		(f)	$	68,837		$	61,985
Net interest income	9,786			7,906		1,878		(477)		(480)		(434)		92,583				89,267			66,710
Total net revenue	17,394			8,038		80		(3,037)		(4,262)		(3,582)		177,556				158,104			128,695
Provision for credit losses	10			171		22		—		—		—		10,678				9,320			6,389
Total noninterest expense(d)	3,994		(g)	5,601		1,034		—		—		—		91,797			(g)	87,172			76,140
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)	13,390			2,266		(976)		(3,037)		(4,262)		(3,582)		75,081				61,612			46,166
Income tax expense/(benefit)	2,789			(555)		(233)		(3,037)		(4,262)		(3,582)		16,610				12,060			8,490
Net income/(loss)	$	10,601		$	2,821	$	(743)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	58,471			$	49,552		$	37,676
Average equity	$	110,370		$	73,529	$	58,068	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	312,370			$	282,056		$	253,068
Total assets	1,323,967			1,348,437		1,328,219		NA		NA		NA		4,002,814				3,875,393			3,665,743
Return on equity	NM			NM		NM		NM		NM		NM		18		%		17		%	14		%
Overhead ratio	NM			NM		NM		NM		NM		NM		52				55			59

(a)Segment results on a managed basis reflect revenue on a FTE basis with the corresponding income tax impact recorded within income tax expense/(benefit). These adjustments are eliminated in reconciling items to arrive at the Firm’s reported U.S. GAAP results. In addition, effective January 1, 2024, the Firm adopted updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures guidance, under the modified retrospective method. Refer to Notes 1, 6, 14 and 25 for additional information.

(b)Excludes expense related to services provided by Corporate support units, which is allocated from Corporate to each respective reportable business segment, as applicable, through noncompensation expense.

(c)Reflects occupancy; technology, communications and equipment; professional and outside services; marketing; and other expense. Refer to Note 6 for additional information on other expense.

(d)Certain services are provided by Corporate and used by each of the reportable business segments. The costs of these services, including compensation-related costs, are allocated from Corporate to the respective reportable business segments, with the allocations recorded in noncompensation expense.

(e)In the first quarter of 2023, the allocations of revenue and expense to CCB associated with a Merchant Services revenue sharing agreement were discontinued and are now retained in Payments in CIB. Prior-period amounts have been revised to conform with the current presentation.

(f)Included a $7.9 billion net gain related to Visa shares recorded in the second quarter of 2024. Refer to Notes 2 and 6 for additional information.

(g)Included a $1.0 billion contribution of Visa shares to the JPMorgan Chase Foundation recorded in the second quarter of 2024. Refer to Notes 2 and 6 for additional information.

The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments.

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Credit Risk Concentrations

Credit Risk Concentrations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]

Credit risk concentrations

Concentrations of credit risk arise when a number of clients, counterparties or customers are engaged in similar business activities or activities in the same geographic region, or when they have similar economic features that would cause their ability to meet contractual obligations to be similarly affected by changes in economic conditions.

JPMorganChase regularly monitors various segments of its credit portfolios to assess potential credit risk concentrations and to obtain additional collateral when deemed necessary and permitted under the Firm’s agreements. Senior management is significantly involved in the credit approval and review process, and risk levels are adjusted as needed to reflect the Firm’s risk appetite.

In the Firm’s consumer portfolio, concentrations are managed primarily by product and by U.S. geographic region, with a key focus on trends and concentrations at the portfolio level, where potential credit risk concentrations can be remedied through changes in underwriting policies and portfolio guidelines. Refer to Note 12 for additional information on the geographic composition of the Firm’s consumer loan portfolios. In the wholesale portfolio, credit risk concentrations are evaluated primarily by industry and monitored regularly on both an aggregate portfolio level and on an individual client or counterparty basis.

The Firm’s wholesale exposure is managed through loan syndications and participations, loan sales, securitizations, credit derivatives, master netting agreements, collateral and other risk-reduction techniques. Refer to Note 12 for additional information on loans.

The Firm does not believe that its exposure to any particular loan product or industry segment results in a significant concentration of credit risk.

Terms of loan products and collateral coverage are included in the Firm’s assessment when extending credit and establishing its allowance for credit losses. Refer to Note 13 for additional information on the allowance for credit losses.

The table below presents both on–balance sheet and off–balance sheet consumer and wholesale credit exposure by the Firm’s three credit portfolio segments as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. The wholesale industry of risk category is generally based on the client or counterparty’s primary business activity.


	2024								2023
	Credit exposure(h)		On-balance sheet				Off-balance sheet(i)		Credit exposure(h)		On-balance sheet				Off-balance sheet(i)
December 31, (in millions)			Loans		Derivatives						Loans		Derivatives
Consumer, excluding credit card	$	437,654	$	392,810	$	—	$	44,844	$	455,496	$	410,093	$	—	$	45,403
Credit card(a)	1,234,171		232,860		—		1,001,311		1,126,781		211,123		—		915,658
Total consumer(a)	1,671,825		625,670		—		1,046,155		1,582,277		621,216		—		961,061
Wholesale(b)
Real Estate	207,050		169,506		310		37,234		208,261		166,372		420		41,469
Individuals and Individual Entities(c)	144,145		130,317		1,259		12,569		145,849		126,339		725		18,785
Asset Managers	135,541		58,720		15,695		61,126		129,574		52,178		9,925		67,471
Consumer & Retail	129,815		46,509		1,608		81,698		127,086		46,274		2,013		78,799
Technology, Media & Telecommunications	84,716		21,449		2,448		60,819		77,296		22,450		2,451		52,395
Industrials	72,530		24,011		2,035		46,484		75,092		26,548		1,335		47,209
Healthcare	64,224		23,243		616		40,365		65,025		23,169		1,577		40,279
Banks & Finance Companies	61,287		40,239		3,890		17,158		57,177		33,941		2,898		20,338
Utilities	35,871		6,172		2,631		27,068		36,061		7,067		3,396		25,598
State & Municipal Govt(d)	35,039		19,279		372		15,388		35,986		20,019		442		15,525
Automotive	34,336		17,696		794		15,846		33,977		17,459		428		16,090
Oil & Gas	31,724		7,226		1,153		23,345		34,475		8,480		705		25,290
Insurance	24,267		2,533		9,703		12,031		20,501		2,535		7,138		10,828
Chemicals & Plastics	20,782		6,176		267		14,339		20,773		6,458		441		13,874
Transportation	17,019		5,380		769		10,870		16,060		5,080		555		10,425
Metals & Mining	15,860		4,425		564		10,871		15,508		4,655		274		10,579
Central Govt	13,862		4,715		6,285		2,862		17,704		5,463		10,669		1,572
Securities Firms	9,443		1,878		3,197		4,368		8,689		865		3,285		4,539
Financial Markets Infrastructure	4,446		16		2,410		2,020		4,251		86		2,155		2,010
All other(e)	140,873		100,906		4,961		35,006		134,777		97,034		4,032		33,711
Subtotal	1,282,830		690,396		60,967		531,467		1,264,122		672,472		54,864		536,786
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value	31,922		31,922		—		—		30,018		30,018		—		—
Receivables from customers(f)	51,929		—		—		—		47,625		—		—		—
Total wholesale	1,366,681		722,318		60,967		531,467		1,341,765		702,490		54,864		536,786
Total exposure(g)	$	3,038,506	$	1,347,988	$	60,967	$	1,577,622	$	2,924,042	$	1,323,706	$	54,864	$	1,497,847

(a)Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CIB.

(b)The industry rankings presented in the table as of December 31, 2023, are based on the industry rankings of the corresponding exposures at December 31, 2024, not actual rankings of such exposures at December 31, 2023.

(c)Individuals and Individual Entities predominantly consists of Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB, and includes exposure to personal investment companies and personal and testamentary trusts.

(d)In addition to the credit risk exposure to states and municipal governments (both U.S. and non-U.S.) at December 31, 2024 and 2023, noted above, the Firm held: $6.1 billion and $5.9 billion, respectively, of trading assets; $17.9 billion and $21.4 billion, respectively, of AFS securities; and $9.3 billion and $9.9 billion, respectively, of HTM securities, issued by U.S. state and municipal governments. Refer to Note 2 and Note 10 for further information.

(e)All other includes: SPEs and Private education and civic organizations, representing approximately 94% and 6%, respectively, at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. Refer to Note 14 for more information on exposures to SPEs.

(f)Receivables from customers reflect held-for-investment margin loans to brokerage clients in CIB, CCB and AWM that are collateralized by assets maintained in the clients’ brokerage accounts (including cash on deposit, and primarily liquid and readily marketable debt or equity securities).

(g)Excludes cash placed with banks of $459.2 billion and $614.1 billion, at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which is predominantly placed with various central banks, primarily Federal Reserve Banks.

(h)Credit exposure is net of risk participations and excludes the benefit of credit derivatives used in credit portfolio management activities held against derivative receivables or loans and liquid securities and other cash collateral held against derivative receivables.

(i)Represents lending-related financial instruments.

Leases - Operating Lease Income and Related Depreciation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease income	$ 2,795	$ 2,843	$ 3,654
Depreciation expense	$ 1,685	$ 1,778	$ 2,475
Operating Lease, Lease Income, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income	Other income	Other income

Pledged Assets and Collateral - Collateral (Details) - USD ($) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]
Collateral permitted to be sold or repledged, delivered, or otherwise used	$ 1,544.0	$ 1,303.9
Collateral sold, repledged, delivered or otherwise used	$ 1,210.7	$ 982.8

Interest Income and Interest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Interest income
Loans	$ 92,353	$ 83,384	$ 52,736
Taxable securities	21,947	17,390	10,372
Non-taxable securities	1,197	1,336	975
Total investment securities	23,144	18,726	11,347
Trading assets - debt instruments	20,327	15,950	9,053
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	18,299	15,079	4,632
Securities borrowed	9,208	7,983	2,237
Deposits with banks	22,297	21,797	9,039
All other interest-earning assets	8,305	7,669	3,763
Total interest income	193,933	170,588	92,807
Interest expense
Interest bearing deposits	49,559	40,016	10,082
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	19,149	13,259	3,721
Short-term borrowings	2,101	1,894	747
Trading liabilities – debt and all other interest-bearing liabilities	10,238	9,396	3,246
Long-term debt	18,920	15,803	8,075
Beneficial interest issued by consolidated VIEs	1,383	953	226
Total interest expense	101,350	81,321	26,097
Net interest income	92,583	89,267	66,710
Provision for credit losses	10,678	9,320	6,389
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	$ 81,905	$ 79,947	$ 60,321

Loans - Credit Card Loan Portfolio, Financial Effects of FDMs (Details) - Credit card - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Fixed payment plan period	60 months		60 months
Term extension and interest rate reduction
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 926	$ 648
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans	0.40%	0.31%
Weighted average contractual interest rate before modification	23.64%	23.19%
Weighted average contractual interest rate after modification	3.20%	3.64%

Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
Document and Entity Information - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Jan. 31, 2025	Jun. 30, 2024
Entity Information [Line Items]
Document Type	10-K
Document Annual Report	true
Document Transition Report	false
Document Period End Date	Dec. 31, 2024
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Entity File Number	1-5805
Entity Registrant Name	JPMorgan Chase & Co
Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	13-2624428
Entity Address, Address Line One	383 Madison Avenue,
Entity Address, City or Town	New York,
Entity Address, State or Province	NY
Entity Address, Postal Zip Code	10179
City Area Code	212
Local Phone Number	270-6000
Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer	No
Entity Voluntary Filers	No
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Entity Interactive Data Current	Yes
Entity Filer Category	Large Accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
ICFR Auditor Attestation Flag	true
Document Financial Statement Error Correction [Flag]	false
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Public Float			$ 573,443,601,053
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		2,796,106,099
Documents Incorporated by Reference	Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 20, 2025, are incorporated by reference in this Form 10-K in response to Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III.
Entity Central Index Key	0000019617
Amendment Flag	false
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2024
Document Fiscal Period Focus	FY
Common stock
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Common stock
Trading Symbol	JPM
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 5.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series DD
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 5.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series DD
Trading Symbol	JPM PR D
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 6.00% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series EE
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 6.00% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series EE
Trading Symbol	JPM PR C
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series GG
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.75% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series GG
Trading Symbol	JPM PR J
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.55% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series JJ
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.55% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series JJ
Trading Symbol	JPM PR K
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.625% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series LL
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.625% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series LL
Trading Symbol	JPM PR L
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.20% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series MM
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Depositary Shares, each representing a one-four hundredth interest in a share of 4.20% Non-Cumulative Preferred Stock, Series MM
Trading Symbol	JPM PR M
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Guarantee of Callable Fixed Rate Notes due June 10, 2032 of JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Guarantee of Callable Fixed Rate Notes due June 10, 2032 of JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
Trading Symbol	JPM/32
Security Exchange Name	NYSE
Guarantee of Alerian MLP Index ETNs due January 28, 2044 of JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
Entity Information [Line Items]
Title of 12(b) Security	Guarantee of Alerian MLP Index ETNs due January 28, 2044 of JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
Trading Symbol	AMJB
Security Exchange Name	NYSEArca

Litigation (Details)	1 Months Ended				12 Months Ended			36 Months Ended	76 Months Ended
Litigation (Details)	Oct. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2021 USD ($)	May 31, 2021 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2012 fund	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Legal expense					$ 740,000,000	$ 1,436,000,000	$ 266,000,000
Threatened or Pending Litigation \| Minimum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Loss contingency range of possible loss					0				$ 0
Threatened or Pending Litigation \| Maximum
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Loss contingency range of possible loss					$ 1,400,000,000				1,400,000,000
1MDB Litigation, 2009 \| J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Amount of claim			$ 300,000,000
1MDB Litigation, 2010 \| J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Amount of claim			$ 500,000,000
Amrapali Litigation \| JPMorgan India Private Limited
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Amount of claim		$ 31,500,000
Number of offshore funds formerly managed by JPMorgan Chase entities \| fund								2
Foreign Exchange Investigations and Litigation
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Loss contingency disqualification period					10 years
Interchange Litigation \| The Defendants
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Settlement amount				$ 6,200,000,000
Payments for legal settlement									$ 700,000,000
Settlements with merchants who opted out, percentage of combined card sales volume (over)					70.00%				70.00%
Russian Litigation
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Amount of claim					$ 439,000,000
SEC Inquiries
Loss Contingencies [Line Items]
Settlement amount	$ 151,000,000

Loans - Consumer, Excluding Credit Card Loan Portfolio, Residential Real Estate, Nature and Extent of TDRs (Details) - Consumer, excluding credit card - Residential real estate $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) loan
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
New TDRs \| $	$ 362
Percentage, sum of items by type, may exceed	100.00%
Trial Modification
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Number of loans modified	3,902
Permanent Modification
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Number of loans modified	4,182
Interest rate reduction
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Concession granted	54.00%
Term or payment extension
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Concession granted	67.00%
Principal and/or interest deferred
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Concession granted	10.00%
Principal forgiveness
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Concession granted	1.00%
Other
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Concession granted	37.00%

Regulatory Capital (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Banking Regulation [Abstract]

Reconciliation of the Firm's regulatory capital, assets and risk-based capital ratios

The following table presents the risk-based regulatory capital ratio requirements and well-capitalized ratios to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were subject as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.


	Standardized capital ratio requirements				Advanced capital ratio requirements				Well-capitalized ratios
	BHC(a)(b)		IDI(c)		BHC(a)(b)		IDI(c)		BHC(d)		IDI(e)
Risk-based capital ratios
CET1 capital	12.3	%	7.0	%	11.5	%	7.0	%	NA		6.5	%
Tier 1 capital	13.8		8.5		13.0		8.5		6.0	%	8.0
Total capital	15.8		10.5		15.0		10.5		10.0		10.0

Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. are subject.

(a)Represents the regulatory capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm. The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratio requirements each include a respective minimum requirement plus a GSIB surcharge of 4.5% as calculated under Method 2; plus a 3.3% SCB for Basel III Standardized ratios and a fixed 2.5% capital conservation buffer for Basel III Advanced ratios. The countercyclical buffer is currently set to 0% by the federal banking agencies.

(b)For the period ended December 31, 2023, the CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements under Basel III Standardized applicable to the Firm were 11.4%, 12.9%, and 14.9%, respectively; the Basel III Advanced CET1, Tier 1, and Total capital ratio requirements applicable to the Firm were 11.0%, 12.5%, and 14.5%, respectively.

(c)Represents requirements for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. The CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratio requirements include a fixed capital conservation buffer requirement of 2.5% that is applicable to JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is not subject to the GSIB surcharge.

(d)Represents requirements for bank holding companies pursuant to regulations issued by the Federal Reserve.

(e)Represents requirements for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. pursuant to regulations issued under the FDIC Improvement Act.

The following table presents the leverage-based regulatory capital ratio requirements and well-capitalized ratios to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were subject as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.


	Capital ratio requirements(a)				Well-capitalized ratios
	BHC		IDI		BHC(b)	IDI
Leverage-based capital ratios
Tier 1 leverage	4.0	%	4.0	%	NA	5.0	%
SLR	5.0		6.0		NA	6.0

Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. are subject.

(a)Represents minimum SLR requirement of 3.0%, as well as supplementary leverage buffer requirements of 2.0% and 3.0% for BHC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., respectively.

(b)The Federal Reserve's regulations do not establish well-capitalized thresholds for these measures for BHCs.

The following tables present risk-based capital metrics under both the Basel III Standardized and Basel III Advanced approaches and leverage-based capital metrics for JPMorgan Chase & Co. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, JPMorgan Chase & Co. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. were well-capitalized and met all capital requirements to which each was subject.


December 31, 2024 (in millions, except ratios)	Basel III Standardized						Basel III Advanced
	JPMorgan Chase & Co.			JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.			JPMorgan Chase & Co.				JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Risk-based capital metrics:(a)
CET1 capital	$	275,513		$	275,732		$	275,513			$	275,732
Tier 1 capital	294,881			275,737			294,881				275,737
Total capital	325,589			296,041			311,898			(b)	282,328			(b)
Risk-weighted assets	1,757,460			1,718,777			1,740,429			(b)	1,594,072			(b)
CET1 capital ratio	15.7		%	16.0		%	15.8		%		17.3		%
Tier 1 capital ratio	16.8			16.0			16.9				17.3
Total capital ratio	18.5			17.2			17.9				17.7


December 31, 2023 (in millions, except ratios)	Basel III Standardized						Basel III Advanced
	JPMorgan Chase & Co.			JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.			JPMorgan Chase & Co.				JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Risk-based capital metrics: (a)
CET1 capital	$	250,585		$	262,030		$	250,585			$	262,030
Tier 1 capital	277,306			262,032			277,306				262,032
Total capital	308,497			281,308			295,417			(b)	268,392			(b)
Risk-weighted assets	1,671,995			1,621,789			1,669,156			(b)	1,526,952			(b)
CET1 capital ratio	15.0		%	16.2		%	15.0		%		17.2		%
Tier 1 capital ratio	16.6			16.2			16.6				17.2
Total capital ratio	18.5			17.3			17.7				17.6

(a)The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.

(b)Includes the impacts of certain assets associated with First Republic to which the Standardized approach has been applied as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.


Three months ended (in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
	JPMorgan Chase & Co.			JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.			JPMorgan Chase & Co.			JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Leverage-based capital metrics: (a)
Adjusted average assets(b)	$	4,070,499		$	3,491,283		$	3,831,200		$	3,337,842
Tier 1 leverage ratio	7.2		%	7.9		%	7.2		%	7.9		%
Total leverage exposure	$	4,837,568		$	4,246,516		$	4,540,465		$	4,038,739
SLR	6.1		%	6.5		%	6.1		%	6.5		%

(a)The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.

(b)Adjusted average assets, for purposes of calculating the leverage ratios, includes quarterly average assets adjusted for on-balance sheet assets that are subject to deduction from Tier 1 capital, predominantly goodwill, inclusive of estimated equity method goodwill, and other intangible assets.

Loans - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Loans - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) loan_segment loan_payment	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of portfolio segments \| loan_segment	3
Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments	$ 154	$ 56	$ (186)
Net gains (losses) on sales of loans	$ 113	$ 62	$ (48)
Maximum
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Accrued interest on other receivables, write-off criteria, period past due	90 days
Residential real estate \| Maximum
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of months before updating exterior opinion on home valuation	12 months
Commercial real estate \| Minimum
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of months before updating collateral values on commercial real estate loans	6 months
Commercial real estate \| Maximum
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of months before updating collateral values on commercial real estate loans	12 months
180 or more days past due \| Residential real estate loans, unmodified credit card loans, and business banking loans
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Loans, charge-off criteria, period past due	180 days
120 or more days past due \| Scored auto and modified credit card loans
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Loans, charge-off criteria, period past due	120 days
Less than 60 days until charge-off \| Residential real estate and auto loans
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Period past due, credit analysis factors, charge off criteria	60 days
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Minimum
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Number of months the borrower has performed under modified terms	6 months
Number of payments under modified terms to recognize interest on cash basis \| loan_payment	6
Consumer, excluding credit card \| 90 or more days past due
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Period past due, credit analysis factors, charge off criteria	90 days
Consumer, excluding credit card \| 30 or more days past due
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Period past due, credit analysis factors, charge off criteria	30 days

Accounts Payable and Other Liabilities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]

Components of accounts payable and other liabilities

The following table presents the components of accounts payable and other liabilities.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Brokerage payables	$	153,153	$	161,960
Other payables and liabilities(a)	127,519		128,347
Total accounts payable and other liabilities	$	280,672	$	290,307

(a) Includes credit card rewards liability of $14.4 billion and $13.2 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Statement of Comprehensive Income [Abstract]
Net income	$ 58,471	$ 49,552	$ 37,676
Other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities	(87)	5,381	(11,764)
Translation adjustments, net of hedges	(858)	329	(611)
Fair value hedges	(87)	(101)	98
Cash flow hedges	(882)	1,724	(5,360)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans	(63)	373	(1,241)
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities	(36)	(808)	1,621
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax	(2,013)	6,898	(17,257)
Comprehensive income	$ 56,458	$ 56,450	$ 20,419

Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Long-term Debt (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	$ 40,962
1-5 years	217,508
After 5 years	142,948
Long-term debt	401,418	$ 391,825
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Collateral used to secure Long-term debt	185,500	218,500
Zero-coupon notes	13,500	12,500
Zero-coupon notes - aggregate principal amount at maturity	50,200	$ 47,900
Redeemable long-term debt	297,100
Long term debt maturing in 2025	40,962
Long term debt maturing in 2026	64,500
Long term debt maturing in 2027	32,700
Long term debt maturing in 2028	93,400
Long term debt maturing in 2029	$ 26,900
Weighted-average contractual interest rates for long term debt	3.82%	3.65%
Modified weighted-average interest rates total long-term debt	5.15%	5.20%
Guarantee of Indebtedness of Others
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Guarantee liability	$ 41,200	$ 41,100
Long-term beneficial interests
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	999
1-5 years	4,340
After 5 years	139
Long-term debt	$ 5,478	3,123
Under 1 year, Minimum	3.97%
1-5 years, Minimum	4.82%
After 5 years, Minimum	2.92%
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Commercial paper and other short-term beneficial interests	$ 21,800	19,900
Long term debt maturing in 2025	999
Recurring
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long-term debt accounted for at fair value	$ 100,780	$ 87,924
Weighted average \| Long-term beneficial interests
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Interest rate	4.62%	4.69%
Junior subordinated debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	$ 0
1-5 years	421
After 5 years	1,182
Long-term debt	$ 1,603	$ 1,728
Under 1 year, Minimum	0.00%
1-5 years, Minimum	5.35%
After 5 years, Minimum	7.01%
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	$ 0
Junior subordinated debt \| Weighted average
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Interest rate	6.58%	7.14%
Secured debt
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long-term debt	$ 80,900	$ 93,000
Fixed rate \| Long-term beneficial interests
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	999
1-5 years	4,313
After 5 years	0
Long-term debt	5,312	2,998
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	999
Fixed rate \| Junior subordinated debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	0
1-5 years	0
After 5 years	488
Long-term debt	488	518
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	0
Variable rate \| Long-term beneficial interests
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	0
1-5 years	27
After 5 years	139
Long-term debt	166	125
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	0
Variable rate \| Junior subordinated debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	0
1-5 years	421
After 5 years	694
Long-term debt	1,115	1,210
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	0
Parent company
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	7,669
1-5 years	102,552
After 5 years	127,802
Long-term debt	238,023	226,814
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long-term debt	239,626	$ 228,542
Long term debt maturing in 2025	7,669
Long term debt maturing in 2026	29,300
Long term debt maturing in 2027	20,200
Long term debt maturing in 2028	35,000
Long term debt maturing in 2029	$ 18,500
Parent company \| Senior debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year, Minimum	3.04%
1-5 years, Minimum	3.40%
After 5 years, Minimum	4.02%
Parent company \| Senior debt \| Weighted average
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Interest rate	3.71%	3.32%
Parent company \| Subordinated debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year, Minimum	7.75%
1-5 years, Minimum	4.72%
After 5 years, Minimum	4.69%
Parent company \| Subordinated debt \| Weighted average
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Interest rate	4.76%	4.62%
Parent company \| Fixed rate \| Senior debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	$ 7,112
1-5 years	90,132
After 5 years	117,667
Long-term debt	214,911	$ 200,984
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	7,112
Parent company \| Fixed rate \| Subordinated debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	302
1-5 years	5,582
After 5 years	8,573
Long-term debt	14,457	17,725
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	302
Parent company \| Variable rate \| Senior debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	255
1-5 years	6,838
After 5 years	1,562
Long-term debt	8,655	8,105
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	255
Parent company \| Variable rate \| Subordinated debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	0
1-5 years	0
After 5 years	0
Long-term debt	0	0
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	0
Subsidiaries
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	33,293
1-5 years	114,535
After 5 years	13,964
Long-term debt	161,792	$ 163,283
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	$ 33,293
Subsidiaries \| Federal Home Loan Banks advances
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year, Minimum	4.42%
1-5 years, Minimum	4.84%
After 5 years, Minimum	5.91%
Subsidiaries \| Federal Home Loan Banks advances \| Weighted average
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Interest rate	4.67%	4.89%
Subsidiaries \| Purchase Money Note
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year, Minimum	0.00%
1-5 years, Minimum	3.40%
After 5 years, Minimum	0.00%
Subsidiaries \| Purchase Money Note \| Weighted average
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Interest rate	3.40%	3.40%
Subsidiaries \| Senior debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year, Minimum	5.39%
1-5 years, Minimum	5.18%
After 5 years, Minimum	1.44%
Subsidiaries \| Senior debt \| Weighted average
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Interest rate	3.81%	3.91%
Subsidiaries \| Subordinated debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year, Minimum	0.00%
1-5 years, Minimum	0.00%
After 5 years, Minimum	0.00%
Subsidiaries \| Subordinated debt \| Weighted average
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Interest rate	0.00%	8.25%
Subsidiaries \| Fixed rate \| Federal Home Loan Banks advances
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	$ 7,582
1-5 years	1,651
After 5 years	24
Long-term debt	9,257	$ 23,246
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	7,582
Subsidiaries \| Fixed rate \| Purchase Money Note
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	0
1-5 years	49,208
After 5 years	0
Long-term debt	49,208	48,989
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	0
Subsidiaries \| Fixed rate \| Senior debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	2,361
1-5 years	16,695
After 5 years	7,489
Long-term debt	26,545	20,745
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	2,361
Subsidiaries \| Fixed rate \| Subordinated debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	0
1-5 years	0
After 5 years	0
Long-term debt	0	255
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	0
Subsidiaries \| Variable rate \| Federal Home Loan Banks advances
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	4,000
1-5 years	16,000
After 5 years	0
Long-term debt	20,000	18,000
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	4,000
Subsidiaries \| Variable rate \| Senior debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	19,350
1-5 years	30,981
After 5 years	6,451
Long-term debt	56,782	52,048
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	19,350
Subsidiaries \| Variable rate \| Subordinated debt
Long-term debt carrying values by contractual maturity
Under 1 year	0
1-5 years	0
After 5 years	0
Long-term debt	0	$ 0
Long Term Debt - Supplemental Information
Long term debt maturing in 2025	$ 0

Loans - Consumer, Excluding Credit Card Loan Portfolio, Residential Real Estate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	$ 1,299,590	$ 1,280,870	$ 1,089,598
Gross charge-offs by origination year
Total gross charge-offs	10,519	7,653	4,326
Consumer, excluding credit card
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	376,334	397,275	300,753
Gross charge-offs by origination year
Total gross charge-offs	1,299	1,151	$ 812
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	12,314	23,250
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	17,345	64,450
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	61,547	84,602
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	79,938	55,624
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	52,397	21,592
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	71,518	60,820
Revolving loans within revolving period	7,035	7,533
Revolving loans converted to term loans	7,419	8,538
Total retained loans	$ 309,513	$ 326,409
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans by origination year
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Term loans originated in 2024/2023	0.11%	0.15%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Term loans originated in 2023/2022	0.37%	0.13%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Term loans originated in 2022/2021	0.34%	0.13%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Term loans originated in 2021/2020	0.22%	0.14%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Term loans originated in 2020/2019	0.21%	0.29%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	1.72%	2.04%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Revolving loans within the revolving period	0.87%	0.72%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Revolving loans converted to term loans	4.46%	4.53%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans	0.71%	0.63%
Gross charge-offs by origination year
Gross charge-offs originated in 2024/2023	$ 0	$ 0
Gross charge-offs originated in 2023/2022	0	0
Gross charge-offs originated in 2022/2021	1	0
Gross charge-offs originated in 2021/2020	1	0
Gross charge-offs originated in 2020/2019	0	4
Gross charge-offs originated prior to 2020/2019	176	167
Gross charge-offs originated within the revolving period	21	26
Gross charge-offs originated converted to term loans	7	7
Total gross charge-offs	$ 206	204
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| Senior lien
Gross charge-offs by origination year
Percentage of total revolving loans that are senior lien loans	38.00%
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| Current
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	$ 12,301	23,216
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	17,280	64,366
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	61,337	84,496
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	79,760	55,546
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	52,289	21,530
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	70,270	59,563
Revolving loans within revolving period	6,974	7,479
Revolving loans converted to term loans	7,088	8,151
Total retained loans	307,299	324,347
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| 30–149 days past due
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	13	33
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	54	74
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	139	89
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	110	70
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	59	41
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	747	801
Revolving loans within revolving period	53	49
Revolving loans converted to term loans	204	223
Total retained loans	1,379	1,380
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| 150 or more days past due
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	0	1
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	11	10
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	71	17
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	68	8
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	49	21
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	501	456
Revolving loans within revolving period	8	5
Revolving loans converted to term loans	127	164
Total retained loans	$ 835	$ 682

Premises and Equipment (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Components of premises and equipment

The following table presents certain components of Premises and equipment.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Land, buildings and leasehold improvements	$	16,874	$	14,862
Right-of-use assets(a)	7,930		7,917
Other premises and equipment(b)	7,419		7,378
Total premises and equipment	$	32,223	$	30,157

(a)Excluded $564 million and $514 million of right-of-use assets that were recorded in Other assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(b)Other premises and equipment is comprised of internal-use software and furniture and equipment.

Loans - Consumer, Excluding Credit Card Loan Portfolio, Residential Real Estate, Active and Suspended Foreclosure (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 1,299,590	$ 1,280,870	$ 1,089,598
Consumer, excluding credit card
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Carrying value	376,334	397,275	$ 300,753
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Carrying value	309,513	326,409
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| In Process of Active or Suspended Foreclosure
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Carrying value	$ 576	$ 566

Accounts Payable and Other Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]
Brokerage payables	$ 153,153	$ 161,960
Other payables and liabilities	127,519	128,347
Total accounts payable and other liabilities	280,672	290,307
Credit card rewards liability	$ 14,400	$ 13,200

Insider Trading Arrangements

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Material Terms of Trading Arrangement

Director and executive officer trading arrangements

The following table provides information concerning Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) adopted in the fourth quarter of 2024 by any director or any officer who is subject to the filing requirements of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Section 16 Director or Officer”). These trading arrangements are intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c). Certain of the Firm's Section 16 Directors or Officers may participate in employee stock purchase plans, 401(k) plans or dividend reinvestment plans of the Firm that have been designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1(c). No non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) were adopted by any Section 16 Director or Officer during the fourth quarter of 2024. Additionally, no Rule 10b5-1 or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangements were terminated by any Section 16 Director or Officer in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Name

Title

Adoption date

Duration(c)

Aggregate number of shares to be sold

Lori Beer

Chief Information Officer

November 15, 2024

November 15, 2024 - March 31, 2025

4,105

James Dimon(a)

Chairman and CEO

November 7, 2024

November 7, 2024 - August 1, 2025

1,000,000

Robin Leopold

Head of Human Resources

November 4, 2024

November 4, 2024 - December 31, 2025

2,500

Jennifer Piepszak(b)

Co-CEO, CIB

October 30, 2024

October 30, 2024 - March 31, 2025

8,545

Troy Rohrbaugh

Co-CEO, CIB

November 15, 2024

November 15, 2024 - June 30, 2025

75,000

(a)Transaction by trusts and an entity of which Mr. Dimon has either a direct or indirect pecuniary interest.

(b)On January 14, 2025, JPMorganChase announced that Ms. Piepszak became a Chief Operating Officer of the Firm, effective January 14, 2025.

(c)Sales under the trading arrangement will not commence until completion of the required cooling off period under Rule 10b5-1. Subject to compliance with Rule 10b5-1, duration could cease earlier than the final date shown above to the extent that the aggregate number of shares to be sold under the trading arrangement have been sold.

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Adopted

false

Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated

false

Non-Rule 10b5-1 Arrangement Terminated

false

Lori Beer [Member]

Lori Beer

Chief Information Officer

true

November 15, 2024

March 31, 2025

136 days

4,105

James Dimon(a)

Chairman and CEO

true

November 7, 2024

August 1, 2025

267 days

1,000,000

Robin Leopold [Member]

Robin Leopold

Head of Human Resources

Jennifer Piepszak [Member]

true

November 4, 2024

December 31, 2025

422 days

2,500

Jennifer Piepszak(b)

Co-CEO, CIB

true

October 30, 2024

March 31, 2025

152 days

8,545

Troy Rohrbaugh [Member]

Troy Rohrbaugh

Co-CEO, CIB

Summary of benefit obligations, plan assets, net funded status and amounts recorded in AOCI

true

November 15, 2024

June 30, 2025

227 days

75,000

Fair Value Measurement - Equity Securities Without Readily Determinable Fair Values (Details) shares in Millions, $ in Millions		3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	May 06, 2024 USD ($) shares	Jun. 30, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) shares	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]
Carrying value			$ 3,737	$ 4,457
Upward carrying value changes			89	93
Downward carrying value changes/impairment			(286)	(325)
Cumulative upward carrying value changes			1,100
Cumulative downward carrying value changes/impairment			(1,500)
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value [Line Items]
Initial gain on the Visa share exchange			7,990	0	$ 0
Contribution of Visa shares		$ 1,000	$ 1,000	$ 0	$ 0
VISA
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value [Line Items]
Initial gain on the Visa share exchange	$ 8,000
VISA \| Class B-2 Common Shares
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value [Line Items]
Interest owned in equity securities without readily determinable fair value (in shares) \| shares			18.6
Conversion rate			1.5430
Interest sold in equity securities without readily determinable fair value, subject to derivative instrument (in shares) \| shares			11.6
VISA \| Class B Common Shares
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value [Line Items]
Interest owned in equity securities without readily determinable fair value (in shares) \| shares				37.2
VISA \| Class B-1 Common Shares
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value [Line Items]
Interest in equity securities without readily determinable fair value exchanged (in shares) \| shares	37.2
VISA \| Class C Common Shares
Equity Securities without Readily Determinable Fair Value [Line Items]
Net gain related to Visa shares		$ 7,900

Litigation	12 Months Ended
Litigation	Dec. 31, 2024
Litigation [Abstract]
Litigation	Litigation Contingencies As of December 31, 2024, the Firm and its subsidiaries and affiliates are defendants or respondents in numerous evolving legal proceedings, including private proceedings, public proceedings, government investigations, regulatory enforcement matters, and the matters described below. The litigations range from individual actions involving a single plaintiff to class action lawsuits with potentially millions of class members. Investigations and regulatory enforcement matters involve both formal and informal proceedings, by both governmental agencies and self-regulatory organizations. These legal proceedings are at varying stages of adjudication, arbitration or investigation, and involve each of the Firm’s lines of business and several geographies and a wide variety of claims (including common law tort and contract claims and statutory antitrust, securities and consumer protection claims), some of which present novel legal theories. The Firm believes the estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of reserves established, for its legal proceedings is from $0 to approximately $1.4 billion at December 31, 2024. This estimated aggregate range of reasonably possible losses was based upon information available as of that date for those proceedings in which the Firm believes that an estimate of reasonably possible loss can be made. For certain matters, the Firm does not believe that such an estimate can be made, as of that date. The Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses involves significant judgment, given: •the number, variety and varying stages of the proceedings, including the fact that many are in preliminary stages, •the existence in many such proceedings of multiple defendants, including the Firm, whose share of liability (if any) has yet to be determined, •the numerous yet-unresolved issues in many of the proceedings, including issues regarding class certification and the scope of many of the claims, and •the uncertainty of the various potential outcomes of such proceedings, including where the Firm has made assumptions concerning future rulings by the court or other adjudicator, or about the behavior or incentives of adverse parties or regulatory authorities, and those assumptions prove to be incorrect. In addition, the outcome of a particular proceeding may be a result which the Firm did not take into account in its estimate because the Firm had deemed the likelihood of that outcome to be remote. Accordingly, the Firm’s estimate of the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses will change from time to time, and actual losses may vary significantly. Set forth below are descriptions of the Firm’s material legal proceedings. 1MDB Litigation. J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA was named as a defendant in a civil litigation filed in May 2021 in Malaysia by 1Malaysia Development Berhad (“1MDB”), a Malaysian state-owned and controlled investment fund. The claim alleges “dishonest assistance” against J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA in relation to payments of $300 million and $500 million, from 2009 and 2010, respectively, received from 1MDB and paid into an account at J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA held by 1MDB PetroSaudi Limited, a joint venture company between 1MDB and PetroSaudi Holdings (Cayman) Limited. In March 2024, the Court upheld the Firm's challenge to the validity of service and the Malaysian Court’s jurisdiction to hear the claim. That decision has been appealed by 1MDB. In August 2023, the Court denied an application by 1MDB to discontinue its claim with permission to re-file a new claim in the future. That decision was appealed by both 1MDB and the Firm, and an appeals court is scheduled to hear both appeals in November 2025. In its appeal, the Firm seeks to prevent any claim from continuing. In addition, in November 2023, the Federal Office of the Attorney General (OAG) in Switzerland notified J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA that it is conducting an investigation into possible criminal liability in connection with transactions arising from J.P. Morgan (Suisse) SA’s relationship with the 1MDB PetroSaudi joint venture and its related persons for the period September 2009 through August 2015. The OAG investigation is ongoing. Amrapali. India’s Enforcement Directorate (“ED”) is investigating J.P. Morgan India Private Limited in connection with investments made in 2010 and 2012 by two offshore funds formerly managed by JPMorganChase entities into residential housing projects developed by the Amrapali Group (“Amrapali”) relating to delays in delivering or failure to deliver residential units. In August 2021, the ED issued an order fining J.P. Morgan India Private Limited approximately $31.5 million, and the Firm is appealing that order. Relatedly, in July 2019, the Supreme Court of India issued an order making preliminary findings that Amrapali and other parties, including unspecified JPMorganChase entities and the offshore funds that had invested in the projects, violated certain criminal currency control and money laundering provisions, and ordered the ED to conduct a further inquiry. The Firm is responding to and cooperating with the inquiry. Foreign Exchange Investigations and Litigation. The Firm previously reported settlements with certain government authorities relating to its foreign exchange (“FX”) sales and trading activities and controls related to those activities. Among those resolutions, in May 2015, the Firm pleaded guilty to a single violation of federal antitrust law. The Department of Labor ("DOL") granted the Firm exemptions that permit the Firm and its affiliates to continue to rely on the Qualified Professional Asset Manager exemption under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”) through the ten-year disqualification period following the antitrust plea. The only remaining FX-related governmental inquiry is a South Africa Competition Commission matter which is currently pending before the South Africa Competition Tribunal. With respect to civil litigation matters, some FX-related individual and putative class actions filed outside the U.S., including in the U.K., Israel, the Netherlands, Brazil and Australia, remain. In July 2023, the U.K. Court of Appeal overturned the Competition Appeal Tribunal's earlier denial of a request for class certification on an opt-out basis. The defendants have appealed this decision to the U.K. Supreme Court. In Israel, a settlement in principle has been reached on the putative class action, which remains subject to court approval. Interchange Litigation. Groups of merchants and retail associations filed a series of class action complaints alleging that Visa and Mastercard, as well as certain banks, conspired to set the price of credit and debit card interchange fees and enacted related rules in violation of antitrust laws. In September 2018, the parties settled the class action seeking monetary relief, with the defendants collectively contributing approximately $6.2 billion. The settlement has been approved by the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York and affirmed on appeal. Based on the percentage of merchants that opted out of the settlement, $700 million has been returned to the defendants from the settlement escrow. A separate class action seeking injunctive relief continues, and in September 2021, the District Court granted plaintiffs’ motion for class certification in part, and denied the motion in part. In June 2024, the District Court denied preliminary approval of a settlement of the injunctive class action in which Visa and Mastercard agreed to certain changes to their respective network rules and system-wide reductions in interchange rates for U.S.-based merchants. The parties are considering next steps. Of the merchants who opted out of the damages class settlement, certain merchants filed individual actions raising similar allegations against Visa and Mastercard, as well as against the Firm and other banks. While some of those actions remain pending, the defendants have reached settlements with the merchants who opted out representing over 70% of the combined Mastercard-branded and Visa-branded payment card sales volume. LIBOR and Other Benchmark Rate Investigations and Litigation. JPMorganChase has responded to inquiries from various governmental agencies and entities around the world relating primarily to the British Bankers Association’s (“BBA”) London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) for various currencies and the European Banking Federation’s Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EURIBOR”). The Swiss Competition Commission’s investigation relating to EURIBOR, to which the Firm and one other bank remain subject, continues. The Firm appealed a December 2016 decision by the European Commission against the Firm and other banks finding an infringement of European antitrust rules relating to EURIBOR. In December 2023, the European General Court annulled the fine imposed by the European Commission, but exercised its discretion to re-impose a fine in an identical amount. In March 2024, the Firm filed an appeal of this decision with the Court of Justice of the European Union. In addition, the Firm has been named as a defendant along with other banks in various individual and putative class actions related to benchmark rates, including U.S. dollar LIBOR. In actions related to U.S. dollar LIBOR during the period that it was administered by the BBA, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York granted class certification of antitrust claims related to bonds and interest rate swaps sold directly by the defendants, including the Firm. The Firm has obtained dismissal of certain actions and resolved certain other actions, and as to all remaining actions has moved for summary judgment. In addition, a lawsuit filed by a group of individual plaintiffs asserting antitrust claims, alleging that the Firm and other defendants were engaged in an unlawful agreement to set U.S. dollar LIBOR and conspired to monopolize the market for LIBOR-based consumer loans and credit cards was dismissed in October 2023 and affirmed on appeal by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit in December 2024. The Firm has resolved all non-U.S. dollar LIBOR actions. Russian Litigation. The Firm is obligated to comply with international sanctions laws, which mandate the blocking of certain assets. These laws apply when assets associated with individuals, companies, products or services are within the scope of the sanctions. The Firm has faced actual and threatened litigation in Russia seeking payments that the Firm cannot make under, and is contractually excused from paying as a result of, relevant sanctions laws. In claims involving the Firm and claims filed against other financial institutions, Russian courts have disregarded the parties’ contractual agreements concerning forum selection and did not recognize foreign sanctions laws as a basis for not making payment. Russian courts have entered judgment against the Firm in a number of claims, including one for $439 million, and a judgment has been executed against assets held onshore by the Firm in Russia. The total amount of the judgments exceeds the total amount of available assets that the Firm holds in Russia. The Firm continues to appeal the Russian courts' decisions, and judgments may not be executed while on appeal. Russian courts have also ordered interim freezes of Firm assets in Russia (including, among other things, funds in bank accounts, securities, shares in authorized capital, and certain trademarks, of the named defendants) pending a determination of certain underlying claims against the Firm. The Firm has challenged claims being pursued in the Russian courts and related freeze orders in other jurisdictions provided for by the parties’ contractual forum selections. If further claims are enforced despite the actions taken by the Firm to challenge the claims and orders and to seek the proper application of law, the Firm’s assets in Russia could be seized in full, and certain client assets could also be seized, or the Firm could be prevented from complying with its obligations. SEC Inquiries. In October 2024, the Firm entered into settlements with the SEC to resolve inquiries related to, among other things, conflict disclosures concerning the selection of portfolio managers and the timing of the Firm’s liquidation of shares distributed in-kind to certain investment vehicles that invest in third-party managed private funds and certain other matters. The resolutions required the Firm to pay a combined $151 million in civil penalties and voluntary payments to customers. The Firm continues to cooperate in connection with SEC inquiries concerning the aggregation of accounts for fee billing and various other matters. Shareholder Litigation. Several shareholder putative class actions, as well as shareholder derivative actions purporting to act on behalf of the Firm, have been filed against the Firm, its Board of Directors and certain of its current and former officers. Certain of these shareholder suits relate to historical trading practices by former employees in the precious metals and U.S. treasuries markets and related conduct which were the subject of the Firm’s resolutions with the DOJ, CFTC and SEC in September 2020, and fiduciary activities that were separately the subject of a resolution between JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and the OCC in November 2020. One of these shareholder derivative suits was filed in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in May 2022, asserting breach of fiduciary duty and unjust enrichment claims relating to the historical trading practices and related conduct and fiduciary activities which were the subject of the resolutions described above. In December 2022, the court granted defendants’ motion to dismiss this action in full, and in July 2023, the plaintiff filed an appeal, which remains pending. A second shareholder derivative action relating to the historical trading practices and related conduct was filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York in December 2022. Defendants have moved to dismiss the complaint. Zelle Network Litigation. In December 2024, the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (“CFPB”) filed a complaint against Early Warning Services, LLC (“EWS”), Bank of America, N.A., Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. in the United States District Court for the District of Arizona. The CFPB alleges that EWS and the defendant banks have failed to take sufficient efforts to prevent fraud on the Zelle network. The defendants will file a response to the complaint. * * * In addition to the various legal proceedings discussed above, JPMorganChase and its subsidiaries are named as defendants or are otherwise involved in a substantial number of other legal proceedings. The Firm believes it has meritorious defenses to the claims asserted against it in its currently outstanding legal proceedings and it intends to defend itself vigorously. Additional legal proceedings may be initiated from time to time in the future. The Firm has established reserves for several hundred of its currently outstanding legal proceedings. In accordance with the provisions of U.S. GAAP for contingencies, the Firm accrues for a litigation-related liability when it is probable that such a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Firm evaluates its outstanding legal proceedings each quarter to assess its litigation reserves, and makes adjustments in such reserves, upward or downward, as appropriate, based on management’s best judgment after consultation with counsel. The Firm’s legal expense was $740 million, $1.4 billion and $266 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. There is no assurance that the Firm’s litigation reserves will not need to be adjusted in the future. In view of the inherent difficulty of predicting the outcome of legal proceedings, particularly where the claimants seek very large or indeterminate damages, or where the matters present novel legal theories, involve a large number of parties or are in early stages of discovery, the Firm cannot state with confidence what will be the eventual outcomes of the currently pending matters, the timing of their ultimate resolution or the eventual losses, fines, penalties or consequences related to those matters. JPMorganChase believes, based upon its current knowledge and after consultation with counsel, consideration of the material legal proceedings described above and after taking into account its current litigation reserves and its estimated aggregate range of possible losses, that the other legal proceedings currently pending against it should not have a material adverse effect on the Firm’s consolidated financial condition. The Firm notes, however, that in light of the uncertainties involved in such proceedings, there is no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not significantly exceed the reserves it has currently accrued or that a matter will not have material reputational consequences. As a result, the outcome of a particular matter may be material to JPMorganChase’s operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of JPMorganChase’s income for that period.

Pension and Other Postretirement Employee Benefit Plans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

The following table presents the pretax benefit obligations, plan assets, the net funded status, and the amounts recorded in AOCI on the Consolidated balance sheets for the Firm’s significant defined benefit pension and OPEB plans.


As of or for the year ended December 31,
(in millions)	2024		2023
Projected benefit obligations	$	(14,459)	$	(14,740)
Fair value of plan assets	22,201		22,013
Net funded status	7,742		7,273
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	(1,649)		(1,517)

Components of net periodic benefit costs reported in the Consolidated statements of income and other comprehensive income

The following table presents the net periodic benefit costs reported in the Consolidated statements of income for the Firm’s defined benefit pension, defined contribution and OPEB plans, and in other comprehensive income for the defined benefit pension and OPEB plans.



Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Total net periodic defined benefit plan cost/(credit)(a)	$	(462)	$	(393)	$	(192)	(b)
Total defined contribution plans	1,733		1,609		1,408
Total pension and OPEB cost included in noninterest expense	$	1,271	$	1,216	$	1,216
Total recognized in other comprehensive (income)/loss	$	131	$	(421)	$	1,459

(a)The service cost component of net periodic defined benefit cost is reported in compensation expense; all other components of net periodic defined benefit costs are reported in other expense in the Consolidated statements of income.

(b)Includes pension settlement losses of $92 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Weighted-average actuarial assumptions

The following table presents the weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit costs for the defined benefit pension and OPEB plans.



Year ended December 31,	2024		2023		2022
Discount rate	5.16	%	5.14	%	2.54	%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	6.15	%	5.74	%	3.68	%

Pension and OPEB plan assets and liabilities measured at fair value


Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans assets and liabilities measured at fair value

	2024								2023
December 31, (in millions)	Level 1(a)		Level 2(b)		Level 3(c)		Total fair value		Level 1(a)		Level 2(b)		Level 3(c)		Total fair value
Assets measured at fair value classified in the fair value hierarchy	$	6,910	$	9,693	$	3,956	$	20,559	$	6,521	$	10,713	$	3,124	$	20,358
Assets measured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient							2,101								2,097
Net defined benefit pension plan payables							(459)								(442)
Total fair value of plan assets							$	22,201							$	22,013

(a) Consists predominantly of equity securities, U.S. federal, state, and local and non-U.S. government debt securities, and cash equivalents.

(b) Consists of corporate debt securities, fund investments, mortgage-backed securities, and U.S. federal, state, and local and non-U.S. government debt securities.

Estimated future benefit payments

The following table presents benefit payments expected to be paid for the defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the years indicated.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)
2025	$	1,186
2026	1,155
2027	1,134
2028	1,095
2029	1,093
Years 2030–2034	5,229

Income Taxes - Components of Income Tax Expense/(Benefit) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Current income tax expense/(benefit)
U.S. federal	$ 7,091	$ 8,973	$ 5,606
Non-U.S.	4,753	4,355	2,992
U.S. state and local	2,762	3,266	2,630
Total current income tax expense/(benefit)	14,606	16,594	11,228
Deferred income tax expense/(benefit)
U.S. federal	1,771	(3,475)	(2,004)
Non-U.S.	72	35	(154)
U.S. state and local	161	(1,094)	(580)
Total deferred income tax expense/(benefit)	2,004	(4,534)	(2,738)
Total income tax expense	16,610	12,060	8,490
Components of income tax expense/(benefit), supplemental information
Tax benefits recorded as a result of tax audit resolutions	$ 314	$ 68	$ 331

Fair Value Measurement - Nonrecurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values	$ 3,737	$ 4,457
Nonrecurring
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	2,489	3,141
Total nonrecurring fair value gains/(losses)	(912)	(1,065)	$ (547)
Nonrecurring \| Accounts payable and other liabilities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total nonrecurring fair value gains/(losses)	0	0	(83)
Nonrecurring \| Loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	1,432	1,755
Total nonrecurring fair value gains/(losses)	(302)	(276)	(55)
Nonrecurring \| Other assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	1,057	1,386
Total nonrecurring fair value gains/(losses)	(610)	(789)	(409)
Nonrecurring \| Other assets using measurement alternative
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total nonrecurring fair value gains/(losses)	(197)	(232)	$ (338)
Nonrecurring \| Level 1
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	0	0
Nonrecurring \| Level 1 \| Loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	0	0
Nonrecurring \| Level 1 \| Other assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	0	0
Nonrecurring \| Level 2
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	747	651
Nonrecurring \| Level 2 \| Loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	738	599
Nonrecurring \| Level 2 \| Other assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	9	52
Nonrecurring \| Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	1,742	2,490
Nonrecurring \| Level 3 \| Loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	694	1,156
Nonrecurring \| Level 3 \| Other assets
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	1,048	$ 1,334
Equity securities without readily determinable fair values	$ 668

Fair Value Measurement - Carrying Value and Estimated Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks	$ 23,372	$ 29,066
Deposits with banks	445,945	595,085
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	295,001	276,152
Investment securities, held-to-maturity	247,900	342,754
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses	41,350	38,851
Financial liabilities
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	27,323	23,020
Carrying value
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks	23,400	29,100
Deposits with banks	445,900	595,100
Accrued interest and accounts receivable	101,100	107,100
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	8,200	16,300
Securities borrowed	135,600	130,300
Investment securities, held-to-maturity	274,500	369,800
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses	1,282,300	1,262,500
Other	82,700	76,100
Financial liabilities
Deposits	2,372,300	2,322,300
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	70,500	47,500
Short-term borrowings	26,400	24,700
Accounts payable and other liabilities	232,800	241,800
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	27,300	23,000
Long-term debt	300,600	303,900
Wholesale lending-related commitments	2,700	3,000
Carrying value \| First Republic
Financial liabilities
Wholesale lending-related commitments	699	1,100
Fair value
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks	23,400	29,100
Deposits with banks	445,900	595,100
Accrued interest and accounts receivable	101,100	107,100
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	8,200	16,300
Securities borrowed	135,600	130,300
Investment securities, held-to-maturity	247,900	342,800
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses	1,276,500	1,250,200
Other	82,900	76,300
Financial liabilities
Deposits	2,372,500	2,322,600
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	70,500	47,500
Short-term borrowings	26,300	24,700
Accounts payable and other liabilities	232,200	241,400
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	27,400	23,000
Long-term debt	301,900	303,500
Wholesale lending-related commitments	4,400	4,800
Fair value \| Level 1
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks	23,400	29,100
Deposits with banks	445,800	594,600
Accrued interest and accounts receivable	0	0
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	0	0
Securities borrowed	0	0
Investment securities, held-to-maturity	97,400	160,600
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses	0	0
Other	0	0
Financial liabilities
Deposits	0	0
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	0	0
Short-term borrowings	0	0
Accounts payable and other liabilities	0	0
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	0	0
Long-term debt	0	0
Wholesale lending-related commitments	0	0
Fair value \| Level 2
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks	0	0
Deposits with banks	100	500
Accrued interest and accounts receivable	101,000	107,000
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	8,200	16,300
Securities borrowed	135,600	130,300
Investment securities, held-to-maturity	150,500	182,200
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses	268,700	285,600
Other	81,300	74,900
Financial liabilities
Deposits	2,372,500	2,322,600
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	70,500	47,500
Short-term borrowings	26,300	24,700
Accounts payable and other liabilities	219,600	233,300
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	27,400	23,000
Long-term debt	251,200	252,200
Wholesale lending-related commitments	0	0
Fair value \| Level 3
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks	0	0
Deposits with banks	0	0
Accrued interest and accounts receivable	100	100
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	0	0
Securities borrowed	0	0
Investment securities, held-to-maturity	0	0
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses	1,007,800	964,600
Other	1,600	1,400
Financial liabilities
Deposits	0	0
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	0	0
Short-term borrowings	0	0
Accounts payable and other liabilities	12,600	8,100
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	0	0
Long-term debt	50,700	51,300
Wholesale lending-related commitments	$ 4,400	$ 4,800

Fair Value Measurement - Impact of Credit Adjustments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Credit and funding adjustments:
Derivatives CVA	$ 29	$ 221	$ 22
Derivatives FVA	$ 99	$ 114	$ 42

Common Stock - Repurchases (Details) - Common stock - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Total number of shares of common stock repurchased (in shares)	91.7	69.5	23.1
Aggregate purchase price of common stock repurchases	$ 18,841	$ 9,898	$ 3,122

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

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Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Goodwill, Mortgage Servicing Rights, and Other Intangible Assets - Goodwill by Business Segment and Corporate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Goodwill [Line Items]
Total goodwill	$ 52,565	$ 52,634	$ 51,662	$ 50,315
Corporate
Goodwill [Line Items]
Total goodwill	692	685	646
Consumer & Community Banking \| Operating Segments
Goodwill [Line Items]
Total goodwill	32,116	32,116	32,121
Commercial & Investment Bank \| Operating Segments
Goodwill [Line Items]
Total goodwill	11,236	11,251	10,993
Asset & Wealth Management \| Operating Segments
Goodwill [Line Items]
Total goodwill	$ 8,521	$ 8,582	$ 7,902

Amount, after accumulated impairment loss, of asset representing future economic benefit arising from other asset acquired in business combination or from joint venture formation or both, that is not individually identified and separately recognized.

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Variable Interest Entities - Re-securitizations (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Transfers of securities to VIEs
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	$ 44,456,000,000	$ 18,864,000,000	$ 16,128,000,000
Private label securities transferred to re-securitization VIEs	0	0	$ 0
U.S. GSEs and government agencies \| Nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Interest in VIEs	$ 3,219,000,000	$ 3,371,000,000

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

Goodwill, Mortgage Servicing Rights, and Other Intangible Assets - Goodwill Changes During Period (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill [Roll Forward]
Balance at beginning of period	$ 52,634	$ 51,662	$ 50,315
Changes during the period from:
Business combinations	29	917	1,426
Other	(98)	55	(79)
Balance at end of period	$ 52,565	$ 52,634	$ 51,662
CIFM
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage interest acquired		51.00%

Off-Balance Sheet Lending-Related Financial Instruments, Guarantees and Other Commitments [Abstract]

Off-balance Sheet Lending-related Financial Instruments, Guarantees, and Other Commitments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Off-balance Sheet Lending-related Financial Instruments, Guarantees, and Other Commitments

Off–balance sheet lending-related

financial instruments, guarantees, and

other commitments

JPMorganChase provides lending-related financial instruments (e.g., commitments and guarantees) to address the financing needs of its customers and clients. The contractual amount of these financial instruments represents the maximum possible credit risk to the Firm should the customer or client draw upon the commitment or the Firm be required to fulfill its obligation under the guarantee, and should the customer or client subsequently fail to perform according to the terms of the contract. Most of these commitments and guarantees have historically been refinanced, extended, cancelled, or expired without being drawn or a default occurring. As a result, the total contractual amount of these instruments is not, in the Firm’s view, representative of its expected future credit exposure or funding requirements.

To provide for expected credit losses in wholesale and certain consumer lending-related commitments, an allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments is maintained. Refer to Note 13 for further information regarding the allowance for credit losses on lending-related commitments.

The following table summarizes the contractual amounts and carrying values of off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The amounts in the table below for credit card, home equity and certain scored business banking lending-related commitments represent the total available credit for these products. The Firm has not experienced, and does not anticipate, that all available lines of credit for these commitments will be utilized at the same time. The Firm can reduce or cancel these commitments, in accordance with the contract, or to the extent otherwise permitted by law, including when there has been a demonstrable decline in the creditworthiness of the borrower or significant decrease in the value of underlying property.


Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments
	Contractual amount												Carrying value(h)(i)
	2024										2023		2024			2023
By remaining maturity as of December 31, (in millions)	Expires in 1 year or less		Expires after 1 year through 3 years		Expires after 3 years through 5 years		Expires after 5 years		Total		Total
Lending-related
Consumer, excluding credit card:
Residential Real Estate(a)	$	10,838	$	7,240	$	4,601	$	7,670	$	30,349	$	30,125	$	534	(j)	$	678	(j)
Auto and other	10,833		14		5		3,643		14,495		15,278		37		(j)	148		(j)
Total consumer, excluding credit card	21,671		7,254		4,606		11,313		44,844		45,403		571			826
Credit card(b)	1,001,311		—		—		—		1,001,311		915,658		—			—
Total consumer(c)	1,022,982		7,254		4,606		11,313		1,046,155		961,061		571			826
Wholesale:
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit(d)	101,500		199,878		172,066		24,993		498,437		503,526		2,608		(j)	2,797		(j)
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees(d)	15,825		8,506		3,780		565		28,676		28,872		473			479
Other letters of credit(d)	3,958		278		21		97		4,354		4,388		37			37
Total wholesale(c)	121,283		208,662		175,867		25,655		531,467		536,786		3,118			3,313
Total lending-related	$	1,144,265	$	215,916	$	180,473	$	36,968	$	1,577,622	$	1,497,847	$	3,689		$	4,139
Other guarantees and commitments
Securities lending indemnification agreements and guarantees(e)	$	310,046	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	310,046	$	283,664	$	—		$	—
Derivatives qualifying as guarantees	902		343		9,890		38,493		49,628		54,562		113			89
Unsettled resale and securities borrowed agreements	115,939		—		—		—		115,939		95,106		2			—
Unsettled repurchase and securities loaned agreements	66,986		—		—		—		66,986		60,724		(2)			—
Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications:
Mortgage repurchase liability	NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		45			76
Loans sold with recourse	NA		NA		NA		NA		1,189		803		23			24
Exchange & clearing house guarantees and commitments(f)	401,486		—		—		—		401,486		265,887		—			—
Other guarantees and commitments (g)	10,652		425		435		884		12,396		15,074		28			38

(a)Includes certain commitments to purchase loans from correspondents.

(b)Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CIB.

(c)Predominantly all consumer and wholesale lending-related commitments are in the U.S.

(d)As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, reflected the contractual amount net of risk participations totaling $85 million and $88 million, respectively, for other unfunded commitments to extend credit; $9.5 billion and $8.2 billion, respectively, for standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees; and $556 million and $589 million, respectively, for other letters of credit. In regulatory filings with the Federal Reserve these commitments are shown gross of risk participations.

(e)As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, collateral held by the Firm in support of securities lending indemnification agreements was $328.7 billion and $300.3 billion, respectively. Securities lending collateral primarily consists of cash, G7 government securities, and securities issued by U.S. GSEs and government agencies.

(f)As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, includes guarantees to the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation under the sponsored member repo program and commitments and guarantees associated with the Firm’s membership in certain clearing houses.

(g)As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, primarily includes unfunded commitments to purchase secondary market loans, other equity investment commitments, and unfunded commitments related to certain tax-oriented equity investments, and reflects the impact of adopting updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures guidance effective January 1, 2024.

(h)For lending-related products, the carrying value includes the allowance for lending-related commitments and the guarantee liability; for derivative-related products, and lending-related commitments for which the fair value option was elected, the carrying value represents the fair value.

(i)For lending-related commitments, the carrying value also includes fees and any purchase discounts or premiums that are deferred and recognized in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets. Deferred amounts for revolving commitments and commitments not expected to fund, are amortized to lending- and deposit-related fees on a straight line basis over the commitment period. For all other commitments the deferred amounts remain deferred until the commitment funds or is sold.

(j)As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, includes fair value adjustments associated with First Republic for residential real estate lending-related commitments totaling $459 million and $630 million, respectively; for auto and other lending-related commitments totaling $37 million and $148 million, respectively; and for other unfunded commitments to extend credit totaling $699 million and $1.1 billion, respectively. Refer to Note 34 for additional information.

Other unfunded commitments to extend credit

Other unfunded commitments to extend credit generally consist of commitments for working capital and general corporate purposes, extensions of credit to support commercial paper facilities and bond financings in the event that those obligations cannot be remarketed to new investors, as well as committed liquidity facilities to clearing organizations. The Firm also issues commitments under multipurpose facilities which could be drawn upon in several forms, including the issuance of a standby letter of credit.

Guarantees

U.S. GAAP requires that a guarantor recognize, at the inception of a guarantee, a liability in an amount equal to the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee. U.S. GAAP defines a guarantee as a contract that contingently requires the guarantor to pay the guaranteed party based upon: (a) changes in an underlying asset, liability or equity security of the guaranteed party; or (b) a third party’s failure to perform under a specified agreement. The Firm considers the following off–balance sheet arrangements to be guarantees under U.S. GAAP: standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees, securities lending indemnifications, certain indemnification agreements included within third-party contractual arrangements, certain derivative contracts and the guarantees under the sponsored member repo program.

As required by U.S. GAAP, the Firm initially records guarantees at the inception date fair value of the non-contingent obligation assumed (e.g., the amount of consideration received or the net present value of the premium receivable). For these obligations, the Firm records this fair value amount in other liabilities with an offsetting entry recorded in cash (for premiums received), or other assets (for premiums receivable). Any premium receivable recorded in other assets is

reduced as cash is received under the contract, and the fair value of the liability recorded at inception is amortized into income as lending and deposit-related fees over the life of the guarantee contract. The lending-related contingent obligation is recognized based on expected credit losses in addition to, and separate from, any non-contingent obligation.

Non-lending-related contingent obligations are recognized when the liability becomes probable and reasonably estimable. These obligations are not recognized if the estimated amount is less than the carrying amount of any non-contingent liability recognized at inception (adjusted for any amortization). Examples of non-lending-related contingent obligations include indemnifications provided in sales agreements, where a portion of the sale proceeds is allocated to the guarantee, which adjusts the gain or loss that would otherwise result from the transaction. For these indemnifications, the initial liability is amortized to income as the Firm’s risk is reduced (i.e., over time or when the indemnification expires).

The contractual amount and carrying value of guarantees and indemnifications are included in the table on page 303.

For additional information on the guarantees, see below.

Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees

Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees are conditional lending commitments issued by the Firm to guarantee the performance of a client or customer to a third party under certain arrangements, such as commercial paper facilities, bond financings, acquisition financings, trade financings and similar transactions.

The following table summarizes the contractual amount and carrying value of standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees and other letters of credit arrangements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Standby letters of credit, other financial guarantees and other letters of credit


	2024					2023
December 31, (in millions)	Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees			Other letters of credit		Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees			Other letters of credit
Investment-grade(a)		$	20,443	$	3,380		$	19,694	$	3,552
Noninvestment-grade(a)		8,233		974			9,178		836
Total contractual amount		$	28,676	$	4,354		$	28,872	$	4,388
Allowance for lending-related commitments		$	94	$	37		$	110	$	37
Guarantee liability		379		—			369		—
Total carrying value		$	473	$	37		$	479	$	37
Commitments with collateral		$	16,805	$	357		$	16,861	$	539

(a)The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal risk ratings. Refer to Note 12 for further information on internal risk ratings.

Securities lending indemnifications

Through the Firm’s securities lending program, counterparties’ securities, via custodial and non-custodial arrangements, may be lent to third parties. As part of this program, the Firm provides an indemnification in the lending agreements which protects the lender against the failure of the borrower to return the lent securities. To minimize its liability under these indemnification agreements, the Firm obtains cash or other highly liquid collateral with a market value exceeding 100% of the value of the securities on loan from the borrower. Collateral is marked to market daily to help assure that collateralization is adequate. Additional collateral is called from the borrower if a shortfall exists, or collateral may be released to the borrower in the event of overcollateralization. If a borrower defaults, the Firm would use the collateral held to purchase replacement securities in the market or to credit the lending client or counterparty with the cash equivalent thereof.

The cash collateral held by the Firm may be invested on behalf of the client in indemnified resale agreements, whereby the Firm indemnifies the client against the loss of principal invested. To minimize its liability under these agreements, the Firm obtains collateral with a market value exceeding 100% of the principal invested.

Derivatives qualifying as guarantees

The Firm transacts in certain derivative contracts that have the characteristics of a guarantee under U.S. GAAP. These contracts include written put options that require the Firm to purchase assets upon exercise by the option holder at a specified price by a specified date in the future. The Firm may enter into written put option contracts in order to meet client needs, or for other trading purposes. The terms of written put options are typically five years or less.

Derivatives deemed to be guarantees also includes stable value contracts, commonly referred to as “stable value products”, that require the Firm to make a payment of the difference between the market value and the book value of a counterparty’s reference portfolio of assets in the event that market value is less than book value and certain other conditions have been met. Stable value products are transacted in order to allow investors to realize investment returns with less volatility than an unprotected portfolio. These contracts are typically longer-term or may have no stated maturity, but allow the Firm to elect to terminate the contract under certain conditions.

The notional value of derivative guarantees generally represents the Firm’s maximum exposure. However, exposure to certain stable value products is contractually limited to a substantially lower percentage of the notional amount.

The fair value of derivative guarantees reflects the probability, in the Firm’s view, of whether the Firm will be required to perform under the contract. The Firm reduces exposures to these contracts by entering into offsetting transactions, or by entering into contracts that hedge the market risk related to the derivative guarantees.

The following table summarizes the derivatives qualifying as guarantees as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.


(in millions)	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023

Notional amounts
Derivative guarantees	$	49,628	$	54,562
Stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure	32,939		32,488
Maximum exposure of stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure	1,740		1,652

Fair value
Derivative payables	113		89

In addition to derivative contracts that meet the characteristics of a guarantee, the Firm is both a purchaser and seller of credit protection in the credit derivatives market. Refer to Note 5 for a further discussion of credit derivatives.

Unsettled securities financing agreements

In the normal course of business, the Firm enters into resale and securities borrowed agreements. At settlement, these commitments result in the Firm advancing cash to and receiving securities collateral from the counterparty. The Firm also enters into repurchase and securities loaned agreements. At settlement, these commitments result in the Firm receiving cash from and providing securities collateral to the counterparty. Such agreements settle at a future date. These agreements generally do not meet the definition of a derivative, and therefore, are not recorded on the Consolidated balance sheets until settlement date. These agreements predominantly have regular-way settlement terms. Refer to Note 11 for a further discussion of securities financing agreements.

Loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications

Mortgage repurchase liability

In connection with the Firm’s mortgage loan sale and securitization activities with U.S. GSEs the Firm has made representations and warranties that the loans sold meet certain requirements, and that may require the Firm to repurchase mortgage loans and/or indemnify the loan purchaser if such representations and warranties are breached by the Firm.

Private label securitizations

The liability related to repurchase demands associated with private label securitizations is separately evaluated by the Firm in establishing its litigation reserves.

Refer to Note 30 for additional information regarding litigation.

Loans sold with recourse

The Firm provides servicing for mortgages and certain commercial lending products on both a recourse and nonrecourse basis. In nonrecourse servicing, the principal credit risk to the Firm is the cost of temporary servicing advances of funds (i.e., normal servicing advances). In recourse servicing, the servicer agrees to share credit risk with the owner of the mortgage loans, such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac or a private investor, insurer or guarantor. Losses on recourse servicing predominantly occur when foreclosure sales proceeds of the property underlying a defaulted loan are less than the sum of the outstanding principal balance, plus accrued interest on the loan and the cost of holding and disposing of the underlying property. The Firm’s securitizations are predominantly nonrecourse, thereby effectively transferring the risk of future credit losses to the purchaser of the mortgage-backed securities issued by the trust. The unpaid principal balance of loans sold with recourse as well as the carrying value of the related liability that the Firm has recorded in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets, which is representative of the Firm’s view of the likelihood it will have to perform under its recourse obligations, are disclosed in the table on page 303.

Other off-balance sheet arrangements

Indemnification agreements – general

In connection with issuing securities to investors outside the U.S., the Firm may agree to pay additional amounts to the holders of the securities in the event that, due to a change in tax law, certain types of withholding taxes are imposed on payments on the securities. The terms of the securities may also give the Firm the right to redeem the securities if such additional amounts are payable. The Firm may also enter into indemnification clauses such as in connection with the licensing of software to clients (“software licensees”) or when it sells a business or assets to a third party (“third-party purchasers”), pursuant to which it indemnifies software licensees for claims of liability or damages that may occur subsequent to the licensing of the software, or third-party purchasers for losses they may incur due to actions taken by the Firm prior to the sale of the business or assets. It is difficult to estimate the Firm’s maximum exposure under these indemnification arrangements, since this would require an assessment of future changes in tax law and future claims that may

be made against the Firm that have not yet occurred. However, based on historical experience, management expects the risk of loss to be remote.

Merchant charge-backs

Under the rules of payment networks, in its role as a merchant acquirer, the Firm’s Merchant Services business in CIB Payments, retains a contingent liability for disputed processed credit and debit card transactions that result in a charge-back to the merchant. If a dispute is resolved in the cardholder’s favor, the Firm will (through the cardholder’s issuing bank) credit or refund the amount to the cardholder and will charge back the transaction to the merchant. If the Firm is unable to collect the amount from the merchant, the Firm will bear the loss for the amount credited or refunded to the cardholder. The Firm mitigates this risk by withholding future settlements, retaining cash reserve accounts or obtaining other collateral. In addition, the Firm recognizes a valuation allowance that covers the payment or performance risk related to charge-backs.

Clearing Services – Client Credit Risk

The Firm provides clearing services for clients by entering into securities purchases and sales and derivative contracts with CCPs, including ETDs such as futures and options, as well as OTC-cleared derivative contracts. As a clearing member, the Firm stands behind the performance of its clients, collects cash and securities collateral (margin) as well as any settlement amounts due from or to clients, and remits them to the relevant CCP or client in whole or part. There are two types of margin: variation margin is posted on a daily basis based on the value of clients’ derivative contracts and initial margin is posted at inception of a derivative contract, generally on the basis of the potential changes in the variation margin requirement for the contract.

As a clearing member, the Firm is exposed to the risk of nonperformance by its clients, but is not liable to clients for the performance of the CCPs. Where possible, the Firm seeks to mitigate its risk to the client through the collection of appropriate amounts of margin at inception and throughout the life of the transactions. The Firm can also cease providing clearing services if clients do not adhere to their obligations under the clearing agreement. In the event of nonperformance by a client, the Firm would close out the client’s positions and access available margin. The CCP would utilize any margin it holds to make itself whole, with any remaining shortfalls required to be paid by the Firm as a clearing member.

The Firm reflects its exposure to nonperformance risk of the client through the recognition of margin receivables from clients and margin payables to CCPs; the clients’ underlying securities or derivative contracts are not reflected in the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

It is difficult to estimate the Firm’s maximum possible exposure through its role as a clearing member, as this would require an assessment of transactions that clients may execute in the future. However, based upon historical experience, and the credit risk mitigants available to the Firm, management believes it is unlikely that the Firm will have to make any material payments under these arrangements and the risk of loss is expected to be remote.

Refer to Note 5 for information on the derivatives that the Firm executes for its own account and records in its Consolidated Financial Statements.

Exchange & Clearing House Memberships

The Firm is a member of several securities and derivative exchanges and clearing houses, both in the U.S. and other countries, and it provides clearing services to its clients. Membership in some of these organizations requires the Firm to pay a pro rata share of the losses incurred by the organization as a result of the default of another member. Such obligations vary with different organizations. These obligations may be limited to the amount (or a multiple of the amount) of the Firm’s contribution to the guarantee fund maintained by a clearing house or exchange as part of the resources available to cover any losses in the event of a member default. Alternatively, these obligations may also include a pro rata share of the residual losses after applying the guarantee fund. Additionally, certain clearing houses require the Firm as a member to pay a pro rata share of losses that may result from the clearing house’s investment of guarantee fund contributions and initial margin, unrelated to and independent of the default of another member. Generally a payment would only be required should such losses exceed the resources of the clearing house or exchange that are contractually required to absorb the losses in the first instance. In certain cases, it is difficult to estimate the Firm’s maximum possible exposure under these membership agreements, since this would require an assessment of future claims that may be made against the Firm that have not yet occurred. However, based on historical experience, management expects the risk of loss to the Firm to be remote. Where the Firm’s maximum possible exposure can be estimated, the amount is disclosed in the table on page 303, in the Exchange & clearing house guarantees and commitments line.

Sponsored member repo program

The Firm acts as a sponsoring member to clear eligible overnight and term resale and repurchase agreements through the Government Securities Division of the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (“FICC”) on behalf of clients that become sponsored members under the FICC’s rules. The Firm also guarantees to the FICC the prompt and full payment and performance of its sponsored member clients’ respective obligations under the FICC’s rules. The Firm minimizes its liability under these guarantees by obtaining a security interest in the cash or high-quality securities collateral that the clients place with the clearing house; therefore, the Firm expects the risk of loss to be remote. The Firm’s maximum possible exposure, without taking into consideration the associated collateral, is included in the Exchange & clearing house guarantees and commitments line on page 303. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on credit risk mitigation practices on resale agreements and the types of collateral pledged under repurchase agreements.

Guarantees of subsidiaries

In the normal course of business, the Parent Company may provide counterparties with guarantees of certain of the trading and other obligations of its subsidiaries on a contract-by-contract basis, as negotiated with the Firm’s counterparties. The obligations of the subsidiaries are included on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets or are reflected as off-balance sheet commitments; therefore, the Parent Company has not recognized a separate liability for these guarantees. The Firm believes that the occurrence of any event that would trigger payments by the Parent Company under these guarantees is remote.

The Parent Company has guaranteed certain long-term debt and structured notes of its subsidiaries, including JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC (“JPMFC”), a 100%-owned finance subsidiary. All securities issued by JPMFC are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Parent Company and no other subsidiary of the Parent Company guarantees these securities. These guarantees, which rank pari passu with the Firm’s unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, are not included in the table on page 303 of this Note. Refer to Note 20 for additional information.

Pledged Assets and Collateral

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Pledged Assets and Collateral

Pledged assets and collateral

Pledged assets

The Firm pledges financial assets that it owns to maintain potential borrowing capacity at discount windows with Federal Reserve banks, various other central banks and FHLBs. Additionally, the Firm pledges assets for other purposes, including to collateralize repurchase and other securities financing agreements, to cover short sales and to collateralize derivative contracts and deposits. Certain of these pledged assets may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by the secured parties and are parenthetically identified on the Consolidated balance sheets as assets pledged.

The following table presents the carrying value of the Firm’s pledged assets.


December 31, (in billions)	2024		2023
Assets that may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties	$	152.5	$	145.0
Assets that may not be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties	297.9		244.2
Assets pledged at Federal Reserve banks and FHLBs	724.0		675.6
Total pledged assets	$	1,174.4	$	1,064.8

Total pledged assets do not include assets of consolidated VIEs; these assets are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. Refer to Note 14 for additional information on assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs. Refer to Note 11 for additional information on the Firm’s securities financing activities. Refer to Note 20 for additional information on the Firm’s long-term debt. The significant components of the Firm’s pledged assets were as follows.


December 31, (in billions)	2024		2023
Investment securities	$	89.6	$	108.6
Loans	740.9		681.7
Trading assets and other	343.9		274.5
Total pledged assets	$	1,174.4	$	1,064.8

Collateral

The Firm accepts financial assets as collateral that it is permitted to sell or repledge, deliver or otherwise use. This collateral is generally obtained under resale and other securities financing agreements, prime brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables and derivative contracts. Collateral is generally used under repurchase and other securities financing agreements, to cover short sales, and to collateralize derivative contracts and deposits.

The following table presents the fair value of collateral accepted.


December 31, (in billions)	2024		2023
Collateral permitted to be sold or repledged, delivered, or otherwise used	$	1,544.0	$	1,303.9
Collateral sold, repledged, delivered or otherwise used	1,210.7		982.8

Loans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Pension and Other Postretirement Employee Benefit Plans

Loan accounting framework

The accounting for a loan depends on management’s strategy for the loan. The Firm accounts for loans based on the following categories:

•Originated or purchased loans held-for-investment (i.e., “retained”)

•Loans held-for-sale

•Loans at fair value

The following provides a detailed accounting discussion of the Firm’s loans by category:

Loans held-for-investment

Originated or purchased loans held-for-investment, including PCD, are recorded at amortized cost, reflecting the principal amount outstanding, net of the following: unamortized deferred loan fees, costs, premiums or discounts; charge-offs; collection of cash; and foreign exchange. Credit card loans also include billed finance charges and fees.

Interest income

Interest income on performing loans held-for-investment is accrued and recognized as interest income at the contractual rate of interest. Purchase price discounts or premiums, as well as net deferred loan fees or costs, are recognized in interest income over the contractual life of the loan as an adjustment of yield.

The Firm classifies accrued interest on loans, including accrued but unbilled interest on credit card loans, in accrued interest and accounts receivables on the Consolidated balance sheets. For credit card loans, accrued interest once billed is then recognized in the loan balances, with the related allowance recorded in the allowance for credit losses. Changes in the allowance for credit losses on accrued interest on credit card loans are recognized in the provision for credit losses and charge-offs are recognized by reversing interest income. For other loans, the Firm generally does not recognize an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivables, consistent with its policy to write them off no later than 90 days past due by reversing interest income.

Nonaccrual loans

Nonaccrual loans are those on which the accrual of interest has been suspended. Loans (other than credit card loans and certain consumer loans insured by U.S. government agencies) are placed on nonaccrual status and considered nonperforming when full payment of principal and interest is not expected, regardless of delinquency status, or when principal and interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more, unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. A loan is determined to be past due when the minimum payment is not received from

the borrower by the contractually specified due date or for certain loans (e.g., residential real estate loans), when a monthly payment is due and unpaid for 30 days or more. Finally, collateral-dependent loans are typically maintained on nonaccrual status.

On the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest accrued but not collected is reversed against interest income. In addition, the amortization of deferred amounts is suspended. Interest income on nonaccrual loans may be recognized as cash interest payments are received (i.e., on a cash basis) if the recorded loan balance is deemed fully collectible; however, if there is doubt regarding the ultimate collectibility of the recorded loan balance, all interest cash receipts are applied to reduce the carrying value of the loan (the cost recovery method). For consumer loans, application of this policy typically results in the Firm recognizing interest income on nonaccrual consumer loans on a cash basis.

A loan may be returned to accrual status when repayment is reasonably assured and there has been demonstrated performance under the terms of the loan or, if applicable, the terms of the restructured loan.

As permitted by regulatory guidance, credit card loans are generally exempt from being placed on nonaccrual status; accordingly, interest and fees related to credit card loans continue to accrue until the loan is charged off or paid in full.

Allowance for loan losses

The allowance for loan losses represents the estimated expected credit losses in the held-for-investment loan portfolio at the balance sheet date and is recognized on the balance sheet as a contra asset, which brings the amortized cost to the net carrying value. Changes in the allowance for loan losses resulting from lending-related activity, macroeconomic variables, changes in credit and other inputs are recorded in the provision for credit losses on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income. Refer to Note 13 for further information on the Firm’s accounting policies for the allowance for loan losses.

Charge-offs

Consumer loans are generally charged off or charged down to the lower of the amortized cost or the net realizable value of the underlying collateral (i.e., fair value less estimated costs to sell), with an offset to the allowance for loan losses, upon reaching specified stages of delinquency in accordance with standards established by the FFIEC. Residential real estate loans, unmodified credit card loans and scored business banking loans are generally charged off no later than 180 days past due. Scored auto and closed-end consumer loans, including modified credit card

accounts placed on a fixed payment plan, are charged off no later than 120 days past due.

Certain consumer loans are charged off or charged down to their net realizable value earlier than the FFIEC charge-off standards in the following circumstances:

•Loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that are determined to be collateral-dependent.

•Loans to borrowers who have experienced an event that suggests a loss is either known or highly certain are subject to accelerated charge-off standards (e.g., residential real estate and auto loans are charged off or charged down within 60 days of receiving notification of a bankruptcy filing).

•Auto loans upon repossession of the automobile.

Other than in certain limited circumstances, the Firm typically does not recognize charge-offs on the government-guaranteed portion of loans.

Wholesale loans are charged off when it is highly certain that a loss has been realized. The determination of whether to recognize a charge-off includes many factors, including the prioritization of the Firm’s claim in bankruptcy, expectations of the workout/restructuring of the loan and valuation of the borrower’s equity or the loan collateral.

When a loan is charged down to the lower of its amortized cost or the estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, the determination of the fair value of the collateral depends on the type of collateral (e.g., securities, real estate). In cases where the collateral is in the form of liquid securities, the fair value is based on quoted market prices or broker quotes. For illiquid securities or other financial assets, the fair value of the collateral is generally estimated using a discounted cash flow model.

For residential real estate loans, collateral values are based upon external valuation sources. When it becomes likely that a borrower is either unable or unwilling to pay, the Firm utilizes a broker’s price opinion, appraisal and/or an automated valuation model of the home based on an exterior-only valuation (“exterior opinions”), which is then updated at least every 12 months, or more frequently depending on various market factors. As soon as practicable after the Firm receives the property in satisfaction of a debt (e.g., by taking legal title or physical possession), the Firm generally obtains an appraisal based on an inspection that includes the interior of the home (“interior appraisals”). Exterior opinions and interior appraisals are discounted based upon the Firm’s experience with actual liquidation values as compared with the estimated values provided by exterior opinions and interior appraisals, considering state-specific factors.

For commercial real estate loans, collateral values are generally based on appraisals from internal and external valuation sources. Collateral values are typically updated every six to twelve months, either by obtaining a new appraisal or by performing an internal analysis, in accordance with the Firm’s policies. The Firm also considers both borrower- and market-specific factors, which may result in obtaining appraisal updates or broker price opinions at more frequent intervals.

Loans held-for-sale

Loans held-for-sale are measured at the lower of cost or fair value, with valuation changes recorded in noninterest revenue. For consumer loans, the valuation is performed on a portfolio basis. For wholesale loans, the valuation is performed on an individual loan basis.

Interest income on loans held-for-sale is accrued and recognized based on the contractual rate of interest.

Loan origination fees or costs and purchase price discounts or premiums are deferred in a contra loan account until the related loan is sold. The deferred fees or costs and discounts or premiums are an adjustment to the basis of the loan and therefore are included in the periodic determination of the lower of cost or fair value adjustments and/or the gain or loss recognized at the time of sale.

Because these loans are recognized at the lower of cost or fair value, the Firm’s allowance for loan losses and charge-off policies do not apply to these loans. However, loans held-for-sale are subject to the Firm’s nonaccrual policies.

Loans at fair value

Loans for which the fair value option has been elected are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in noninterest revenue.

Interest income on these loans is accrued and recognized based on the contractual rate of interest. Changes in fair value are recognized in noninterest revenue. Loan origination fees are recognized upfront in noninterest revenue. Loan origination costs are recognized in the associated expense category as incurred.

Because these loans are recognized at fair value, the Firm’s allowance for loan losses and charge-off policies do not apply to these loans. However, loans at fair value are subject to the Firm’s nonaccrual policies.

Refer to Note 3 for further information on the Firm’s elections of fair value accounting under the fair value option. Refer to Note 2 and Note 3 for further information on loans carried at fair value and classified as trading assets.

Loan classification changes

Loans in the held-for-investment portfolio that management decides to sell are transferred to the held-for-sale portfolio at the lower of cost or fair value on the date of transfer. Credit-related losses are charged against the allowance for loan losses; non-credit related losses such as those due to changes in interest rates or foreign currency exchange rates are recognized in noninterest revenue.

In the event that management decides to retain a loan in the held-for-sale portfolio, the loan is transferred to the held-for-investment portfolio at amortized cost on the date of transfer. These loans are subsequently assessed for impairment based on the Firm’s allowance methodology. Refer to Note 13 for a further discussion of the methodologies used in establishing the Firm’s allowance for loan losses.

Loan modifications

The Firm seeks to modify certain loans in conjunction with its loss mitigation activities. Through the modification, JPMorganChase grants one or more concessions to a borrower who is experiencing financial difficulty in order to minimize the Firm’s economic loss and avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral, and to ultimately maximize payments received by the Firm from the borrower. The concessions granted vary by program and by borrower-specific characteristics, and may include interest rate reductions, term extensions, other-than-insignificant payment delays or principal forgiveness.

Loans, except for credit card loans, reported as FDMs are generally placed on nonaccrual status, although in many cases such loans were already on nonaccrual status prior to modification. These loans may be returned to performing status (the accrual of interest is resumed) if the following criteria are met: (i) the borrower has performed under the modified terms for a minimum of six months and/or six payments, and (ii) the Firm has an expectation that repayment of the modified loan is reasonably assured based on, for example, the borrower’s debt capacity and level of future earnings, collateral values, LTV ratios, and other current market considerations. In certain limited and well-defined circumstances in which the loan is current at the modification date, such loans are not placed on nonaccrual status at the time of modification.

The allowance for credit losses associated with FDMs is measured using the Firm’s established allowance methodology, which considers the expected default rates for the modified loans. Refer to Note 13 for further discussion.

Foreclosed property

The Firm acquires property from borrowers through loan restructurings, workouts, and foreclosures. Property acquired may include real property (e.g., residential real estate, land, and buildings) and other commercial and personal property (e.g., automobiles, aircraft, railcars, and ships).

The Firm recognizes foreclosed property upon receiving assets in satisfaction of a loan (e.g., by taking legal title or physical possession). For loans collateralized by real property, the Firm generally recognizes the asset received at foreclosure sale or upon the execution of a deed in lieu of foreclosure transaction with the borrower. Foreclosed assets are reported in other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets and initially recognized at fair value less estimated costs to sell. Each quarter the fair value of the acquired property is reviewed and adjusted, if necessary, to the lower of cost or fair value. Subsequent adjustments to fair value are charged/credited to noninterest revenue. Operating expense, such as real estate taxes and maintenance, are charged to other expense.

Loan portfolio

The Firm’s loan portfolio is divided into three portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Firm to determine the allowance for loan losses: Consumer, excluding credit card; Credit card; and Wholesale. Within each portfolio segment the Firm monitors and assesses the credit risk in the following classes of loans, based on the risk characteristics of each loan class.

Consumer, excluding

credit card

Credit card

Wholesale(c)(d)

• Residential real estate(a)

• Auto and other(b)

• Credit card loans

• Secured by real estate

• Commercial and industrial

• Other(e)

(a)Includes scored mortgage and home equity loans held in CCB and AWM, and scored mortgage loans held in CIB.

(b)Includes scored auto, business banking and consumer unsecured loans as well as overdrafts, primarily in CCB.

(c)Includes loans held in CIB, AWM, Corporate, and risk-rated exposure held in CCB, for which the wholesale methodology is applied when determining the allowance for loan losses.

(d)The wholesale portfolio segment's classes align with loan classifications as defined by the bank regulatory agencies, based on the loan's collateral, purpose, and type of borrower.

(e)Includes loans to financial institutions, SPEs, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, as well as loans to nonprofits. Refer to Note 14 for more information on SPEs.

The following tables summarize the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment.


December 31, 2024	Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card			Wholesale			Total(a)(b)
(in millions)
Retained		$	376,334		$	232,860		$	690,396		$	1,299,590
Held-for-sale		945			—			6,103			7,048
At fair value		15,531			—			25,819			41,350
Total		$	392,810		$	232,860		$	722,318		$	1,347,988

December 31, 2023	Consumer, excluding credit card				Credit card			Wholesale			Total(a)(b)
(in millions)
Retained		$	397,275		$	211,123		$	672,472		$	1,280,870
Held-for-sale		487			—			3,498			3,985
At fair value		12,331			—			26,520			38,851
Total		$	410,093		$	211,123		$	702,490		$	1,323,706

(a)Excludes $6.6 billion and $6.8 billion of accrued interest receivable at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Firm wrote off accrued interest receivable of $84 million and $49 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(b)Loans (other than those for which the fair value option has been elected) are presented net of unamortized discounts and premiums and net deferred loan fees or costs. These amounts were not material as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. For the discount associated with First Republic loans, refer to Note 34 on pages 319–321.

The following tables provide information about the carrying value of retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale during the periods indicated. Loans that were reclassified to held-for-sale and sold in a subsequent period are excluded from the sales line of these tables.


		2024
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card				Credit card			Wholesale			Total
Purchases		$	647	(b)(c)		$	—		$	1,432		$	2,079
Sales		10,440				—			45,147			55,587
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)		1,656				—			749			2,405


		2023
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card				Credit card			Wholesale				Total
Purchases		$	92,205	(b)(c)(d)		$	—		$	60,300	(d)		$	152,505
Sales		2,202				—			43,949				46,151
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)		274				—			1,486				1,760


		2022
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card				Credit card			Wholesale			Total
Purchases		$	1,625	(b)(c)		$	—		$	1,088		$	2,713
Sales		2,884				—			41,934			44,818
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)		229				—			1,055			1,284

(a)Reclassifications of loans to held-for-sale are non-cash transactions.

(b)Includes purchases of residential real estate loans, including the Firm’s voluntary repurchases of certain delinquent loans from loan pools as permitted by Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) guidelines for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The Firm typically elects to repurchase these delinquent loans as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with applicable requirements of Ginnie Mae, FHA, RHS, and/or VA.

(c)Excludes purchases of retained loans of $902 million, $5.1 billion and $12.4 billion for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which are predominantly sourced through the correspondent origination channel and underwritten in accordance with the Firm’s standards.

(d)Includes loans acquired in the First Republic acquisition consisting of $91.9 billion in Consumer, excluding credit card and $59.2 billion in Wholesale. Refer to Note 34 for additional information.

Gains and losses on sales of loans

Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments (including adjustments to record loans and lending-related commitments held-for-sale at the lower of cost or fair value) recognized in noninterest revenue were $154 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, of which $113 million were related to loans. Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments were $56 million for the year ended December 31, 2023, of which $62 million were related to loans. Net gains/(losses) on sales of loans and lending-related commitments were $(186) million for the year ended December 31, 2022, of which $(48) million were related to loans. In addition, the sale of loans may also result in write downs, recoveries or changes in the allowance recognized in the provision for credit losses.

Consumer, excluding credit card loan portfolio

Consumer loans, excluding credit card loans, consist primarily of scored residential mortgages, home equity loans and lines of credit, auto and business banking loans, with a focus on serving the prime consumer credit market. These loans include home equity loans secured by junior liens, prime mortgage loans with an interest-only payment period, and certain payment-option loans that may result in negative amortization.

The following table provides information about retained consumer loans, excluding credit card, by class.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Residential real estate	$	309,513	$	326,409
Auto and other	66,821		70,866
Total retained loans	$	376,334	$	397,275

Delinquency rates are the primary credit quality indicator for consumer loans. Loans that are more than 30 days past due provide an early warning of borrowers who may be experiencing financial difficulties and/or who may be unable or unwilling to repay the loan. As the loan continues to age, it becomes more clear whether the borrower is likely to be unable or unwilling to pay. In the case of residential real estate loans, late-stage delinquencies (greater than 150 days past due) are a strong indicator of loans that will ultimately result in a foreclosure or similar liquidation transaction. In addition to delinquency rates, other credit quality indicators for consumer loans vary based on the class of loan, as follows:

•For residential real estate loans, the current estimated LTV ratio, or the combined LTV ratio in the case of junior lien loans, is an indicator of the potential loss severity in the event of default. Additionally, LTV or combined LTV ratios can provide insight into a borrower’s continued willingness to pay, as the delinquency rate of high-LTV loans tends to be greater than that for loans where the borrower has equity in the collateral. The geographic distribution of the loan collateral also provides insight as to the credit quality of the portfolio, as factors such as the regional economy, home price changes and specific events such as natural disasters, will affect credit quality. The borrower’s current or “refreshed” FICO score is a secondary credit quality indicator for certain loans, as FICO scores are an indication of the borrower’s credit payment history. Thus, a loan to a borrower with a low FICO score (less than 660) is considered to be of higher risk than a loan to a borrower with a higher FICO score. Further, a loan to a borrower with a high LTV ratio and a low FICO score is at greater risk of default than a loan to a borrower that has both a high LTV ratio and a high FICO score.

•For scored auto and business banking loans, geographic distribution is an indicator of the credit performance of the portfolio. Similar to residential real estate loans, geographic distribution provides insights into the portfolio performance based on regional economic activity and events.

Residential real estate

Delinquency is the primary credit quality indicator for retained residential real estate loans. The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.


(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2024
	Term loans by origination year(c)																		Revolving loans						Total
	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020			Prior to 2020			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)
Current	$	12,301		$	17,280		$	61,337		$	79,760		$	52,289		$	70,270		$	6,974		$	7,088		$	307,299
30–149 days past due	13			54			139			110			59			747			53			204			1,379
150 or more days past due	—			11			71			68			49			501			8			127			835
Total retained loans	$	12,314		$	17,345		$	61,547		$	79,938		$	52,397		$	71,518		$	7,035		$	7,419		$	309,513
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(b)	0.11		%	0.37		%	0.34		%	0.22		%	0.21		%	1.72		%	0.87		%	4.46		%	0.71		%
Gross charge-offs	$	—		$	—		$	1		$	1		$	—		$	176		$	21		$	7		$	206


(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2023
	Term loans by origination year(c)																		Revolving loans						Total
	2023			2022			2021			2020			2019			Prior to 2019			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)
Current	$	23,216		$	64,366		$	84,496		$	55,546		$	21,530		$	59,563		$	7,479		$	8,151		$	324,347
30–149 days past due	33			74			89			70			41			801			49			223			1,380
150 or more days past due	1			10			17			8			21			456			5			164			682
Total retained loans	$	23,250		$	64,450		$	84,602		$	55,624		$	21,592		$	60,820		$	7,533		$	8,538		$	326,409
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(b)	0.15		%	0.13		%	0.13		%	0.14		%	0.29		%	2.04		%	0.72		%	4.53		%	0.63		%
Gross charge-offs	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	4		$	167		$	26		$	7		$	204

(a)Individual delinquency classifications include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(b)Excludes mortgage loans that are 30 or more days past due insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at December 31, 2024 and 2023. These amounts have been excluded based upon the government guarantee.

(c)Purchased loans are included in the year in which they were originated.

Approximately 38% of the total revolving loans are senior lien loans; the remaining balance are junior lien loans. The lien position the Firm holds is considered in the Firm’s allowance for credit losses. Revolving loans that have been converted to term loans have higher delinquency rates than those that are still within the revolving period. That is primarily because the fully-amortizing payment that is generally required for those products is higher than the minimum payment options available for revolving loans within the revolving period.

Nonaccrual loans and other credit quality indicators

The following table provides information on nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators for retained residential real estate loans.


(in millions, except weighted-average data)	December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)(c)(d)	$	2,984		$	3,466

Current estimated LTV ratios(e)(f)(g)
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	$	72		$	72
Less than 660	3			—
101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	161			223
Less than 660	5			4
80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	4,962			6,491
Less than 660	73			102
Less than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	294,797			309,251
Less than 660	8,534			9,277
No FICO/LTV available(h)	906			989

Total retained loans	$	309,513		$	326,409

Weighted-average LTV ratio(e)(i)	47		%	49		%
Weighted-average FICO(f)(i)	774			770

Geographic region(h)(j)
California	$	120,944		$	127,072
New York	46,854			48,815
Florida	21,820			22,778
Texas	14,531			15,506
Massachusetts	13,511			14,213
Colorado	10,465			10,800
Illinois	9,835			10,856
Washington	9,372			9,923
New Jersey	7,554			8,050
Connecticut	6,854			7,163
All other	47,773			51,233
Total retained loans	$	309,513		$	326,409

(a)Includes collateral-dependent residential real estate loans that are charged down to the fair value of the underlying collateral less costs to sell. The Firm reports, in accordance with regulatory guidance, residential real estate loans that have been discharged under Chapter 7 bankruptcy and not reaffirmed by the borrower (“Chapter 7 loans”) as collateral-dependent nonaccrual loans, regardless of their delinquency status. At December 31, 2024, approximately 8% of Chapter 7 residential real estate loans were 30 days or more past due.

(b)Mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies excluded from nonaccrual loans were not material at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(c)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.

(d)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was $160 million and $180 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(e)Represents the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans divided by the estimated current property value. Current property values are estimated, at a minimum, quarterly, based on home valuation models using nationally recognized home price index valuation estimates incorporating actual data to the extent available and forecasted data where actual data is not available. Current estimated combined LTV for junior lien home equity loans considers all available lien positions, as well as unused lines, related to the property.

(f)Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.

(g)Includes residential real estate loans, primarily held in LLCs in AWM that did not have a refreshed FICO score. These loans have been included in a FICO band based on management’s estimation of the borrower’s credit quality.

(h)Included U.S. government-guaranteed loans as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(i)Excludes loans with no FICO and/or LTV data available.

(j)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at December 31, 2024.

Loan modifications

The Firm grants certain modifications of residential real estate loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Firm's proprietary modification programs as well as government programs, including U.S. GSE programs, that generally provide various modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty including, but not limited to, interest rate reductions, term extensions, other-than-insignificant payment deferral and principal forgiveness that would otherwise have been required under the terms of the original agreement, are considered FDMs.

In addition, the Firm offers trial modifications of residential real estate loans, which generally include a three-month trial payment period during which the borrower makes monthly payments under the proposed modified loan terms. Loans in a trial payment period continue to age and accrue interest in accordance with the original contractual terms. At the completion of a trial period, the loan modification is considered permanent.

Financial effects of FDMs

For the year ended December 31, 2024, retained residential real estate FDMs were $206 million. The financial effects of the FDMs, which were predominantly in the form of term extensions and interest rate reductions, included extending the weighted-average life of the loans by 15 years, and reducing the weighted-average contractual interest rate from 7.53% to 5.44% for the year ended December 31, 2024.

For the year ended December 31, 2023, retained residential real estate FDMs were $136 million. The financial effects of the FDMs, which were predominantly in the form of term extensions and interest rate reductions, included extending the weighted-average life of the loans by 20 years, and reducing the weighted-average contractual interest rate from 7.21% to 4.44% for the year ended December 31, 2023.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified as FDMs.

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, loans subject to a trial modification, where the terms of the loans have not been permanently modified, and Chapter 7 loans were not material.

Payment status of FDMs

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained residential real estate FDMs during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.



Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Amortized cost basis
	2024		2023
Current	$	139	$	107
30-149 days past due	47		13
150 or more days past due	20		16
Total	$	206	$	136

Defaults of FDMs

Retained residential real estate FDMs that defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2024 and that were reported as FDMs in the twelve months prior to the default were $93 million. Retained residential real estate FDMs that defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2023 and that were reported as FDMs on or after January 1, 2023, the date that the Firm adopted the changes to the TDR accounting guidance were not material. Refer to Note 1 for further information.

Nature and extent of TDRs

For periods ending prior to January 1, 2023, modifications of residential real estate loans where the Firm granted concessions to borrowers who were experiencing financial difficulty were generally accounted for and reported as TDRs. Loans with short-term or other insignificant modifications that were not considered concessions were not TDRs. For the year ended December 31, 2022, new TDRs were $362 million, and there were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers whose residential real estate loans were modified in TDRs.

The Firm’s proprietary modification programs as well as government programs, including U.S. GSE programs, generally provide various concessions to financially troubled borrowers including, but not limited to, interest rate reductions, term or payment extensions and delays of principal and/or interest payments that would otherwise have been required under the terms of the original agreement.

The following table provides information about how residential real estate loans were modified in TDRs during the period presented. This table excludes loans with short-term or other insignificant modifications that are not considered concessions.



Year ended December 31,	2022
Number of loans approved for a trial modification	3,902
Number of loans permanently modified	4,182
Concession granted:(a)
Interest rate reduction	54	%
Term or payment extension	67
Principal and/or interest deferred	10
Principal forgiveness	1
Other(b)	37

(a)Represents concessions granted in permanent modifications as a percentage of the number of loans permanently modified. The sum of the percentages exceeds 100% because predominantly all of the modifications include more than one type of concession. Concessions offered on trial modifications are generally consistent with those granted on permanent modifications.

(b)Includes variable interest rate to fixed interest rate modifications and payment delays that meet the definition of a TDR.

Financial effects of TDRs and defaults

The following table provides information about the financial effects of the various concessions granted in modifications of residential real estate loans and about defaults of certain loans modified in TDRs for the period presented. The following table presents only the financial effects of permanent modifications and does not include temporary concessions offered through trial modifications. This table also excludes loans with short-term or other insignificant modifications that were not considered concessions.


Year ended December 31, (in millions, except weighted - average data)	2022
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – before TDR	4.75		%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – after TDR	3.35
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – before TDR	22
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – after TDR	38
Charge-offs recognized upon permanent modification	$	1
Principal deferred	16
Principal forgiven	2
Balance of loans that defaulted within one year of permanent modification(a)	$	147

(a)Represents loans permanently modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the periods presented, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification. The dollar amounts presented represent the balance of such loans at the end of the reporting period in which such loans defaulted.

Active and suspended foreclosure

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Firm had retained residential real estate loans, excluding those insured by U.S. government agencies, with a carrying value of $576 million and $566 million, respectively, that were not included in REO, but were in the process of active or suspended foreclosure.

Auto and other

Delinquency is the primary credit quality indicator for retained auto and other loans. The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.


	December 31, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)	Term loans by origination year																	Revolving loans
	2024			2023			2022		2021			2020			Prior to 2020			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current	$	26,165		$	15,953		$	9,201	$	7,014		$	2,895		$	624		$	3,714		$	148		$	65,714
30–119 days past due	190			283			259		179			53			23			40			34			1,061
120 or more days past due	1			1			—		5			6			—			3			30			46
Total retained loans	$	26,356		$	16,237		$	9,460	$	7,198		$	2,954		$	647		$	3,757		$	212		$	66,821
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	0.72		%	1.75		%	2.74		2.50		%	1.76		%	3.55		%	1.14		%	30.19		%	1.64		%
Gross charge-offs	$	269		$	348		$	224	$	126		$	37		$	82		$	1		$	6		$	1,093


	December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)	Term loans by origination year																		Revolving loans
	2023			2022			2021			2020			2019			Prior to 2019			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current	$	30,328		$	14,797		$	12,825		$	6,538		$	1,777		$	511		$	2,984		$	102		$	69,862
30–119 days past due	276			279			231			78			43			17			19			24			967
120 or more days past due	1			1			7			8			—			—			3			17			37
Total retained loans	$	30,605		$	15,077		$	13,063		$	6,624		$	1,820		$	528		$	3,006		$	143		$	70,866
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	0.91		%	1.86		%	1.75		%	1.15		%	2.36		%	3.22		%	0.73		%	28.67		%	1.39		%
Gross charge-offs	$	333		$	297		$	161		$	53		$	35		$	64		$	—		$	4		$	947

Nonaccrual loans and other credit quality indicators

The following table provides information on nonaccrual and geographic region as a credit quality indicator for retained auto and other consumer loans.


(in millions)	Total Auto and other
	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)	$	249	$	177

Geographic region(c)
California	$	10,321	$	10,959
Texas	7,772		8,502
Florida	5,428		5,684
New York	4,905		4,938
Illinois	2,890		3,147
New Jersey	2,468		2,609
Pennsylvania	2,012		1,900
Georgia	1,716		1,912
Arizona	1,643		1,779
North Carolina	1,597		1,714
All other	26,069		27,722
Total retained loans	$	66,821	$	70,866

(a)Generally, all consumer nonaccrual loans have an allowance. In accordance with regulatory guidance, certain nonaccrual loans that are considered collateral-dependent have been charged down to the lower of amortized cost or the fair value of their underlying collateral less costs to sell. If the value of the underlying collateral improves subsequent to charge down, the related allowance may be negative.

(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(c)The geographic regions presented in this table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at December 31, 2024.

Loan modifications

The Firm grants certain modifications of auto and other loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, retained auto and other FDMs were not material.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no additional commitments to lend to borrowers modified as FDMs.

For periods ending prior to January 1, 2023, modifications of auto and other loans where the Firm granted concessions to borrowers who were experiencing financial difficulty were generally accounted for and reported as TDRs. Loans with short-term or other insignificant modifications that were not considered concessions were not TDRs. For the year ended December 31, 2022, auto and other TDRs were not material.

Credit card loan portfolio

The credit card portfolio segment includes credit card loans originated and purchased by the Firm. Delinquency rates are the primary credit quality indicator for credit card loans as they provide an early warning that borrowers may be experiencing difficulties (30 days past due); information on those borrowers that have been delinquent for a longer period of time (90 days past due) is also considered. In addition to delinquency rates, the geographic distribution of the loans provides insight as to the credit quality of the portfolio based on the regional economy.

While the borrower’s credit score is another general indicator of credit quality, the Firm does not view credit scores as a primary indicator of credit quality because the borrower’s credit score tends to be a

lagging indicator. The distribution of such scores provides a general indicator of credit quality trends within the portfolio; however, the score does not capture all factors that would be predictive of future credit performance. Refreshed FICO score information, which is obtained at least quarterly, for a statistically significant random sample of the credit card portfolio is indicated in other credit quality indicators. FICO is considered to be the industry benchmark for credit scores.

The Firm generally originates new credit card accounts to prime consumer borrowers. However, certain cardholders’ FICO scores may decrease over time, depending on the performance of the cardholder and changes in the credit score calculation.

The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.


(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2024
	Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	226,532		$	1,284		$	227,816
30–89 days past due and still accruing	2,291			109			2,400
90 or more days past due and still accruing	2,591			53			2,644
Total retained loans	$	231,414		$	1,446		$	232,860
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	2.11		%	11.20		%	2.17		%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans	1.12			3.67			1.14
Gross charge-offs	$	7,951		$	247		$	8,198


(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2023
	Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	205,731		$	882		$	206,613
30–89 days past due and still accruing	2,217			84			2,301
90 or more days past due and still accruing	2,169			40			2,209
Total retained loans	$	210,117		$	1,006		$	211,123
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	2.09		%	12.33		%	2.14		%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans	1.03			3.98			1.05
Gross charge-offs	$	5,325		$	166		$	5,491

Other credit quality indicators

The following table provides information on other credit quality indicators for retained credit card loans.


(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Geographic region(a)
California	$	36,385		$	32,652
Texas	24,423			22,086
New York	18,525			16,915
Florida	17,236			15,103
Illinois	12,442			11,364
New Jersey	9,644			8,688
Ohio	6,976			6,424
Colorado	6,962			6,307
Pennsylvania	6,558			6,088
Arizona	5,796			5,209
All other	87,913			80,287
Total retained loans	$	232,860		$	211,123
Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores
Equal to or greater than 660	85.5		%	85.8		%
Less than 660	14.3			14.0
No FICO available	0.2			0.2

(a)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at December 31, 2024.

Loan modifications

The Firm grants certain modifications of credit card loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications may involve placing the customer’s credit card account on a fixed payment plan, generally for 60 months, which typically includes reducing the interest rate on the credit card account. If the borrower does not make the contractual payments when due under the modified payment terms, the credit card loan continues to age and will be charged-off in accordance with the Firm's standard charge-off policy. In most cases, the Firm does not reinstate the borrower's line of credit.

Financial effects of FDMs

The following table provides information on retained credit card FDMs.



Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Loan modifications
		2024			2023
Term extension and interest rate reduction(a)(b)
Amortized cost basis		$	926		$	648
% of total modifications to total retained credit card loans		0.40		%	0.31		%
Financial effect of loan modifications		Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.64% to 3.20%			Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.19% to 3.64%

(a)Term extension includes credit card loans whose terms have been modified under long-term programs by placing the customer’s credit card account on a fixed payment plan.

(b)The interest rates represent weighted average at the time of modification.

Payment status of FDMs

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained credit card FDMs during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.



	Amortized cost basis
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	811	$	558
30-89 days past due and still accruing	74		59
90 or more days past due and still accruing	41		31
Total	$	926	$	648

Defaults of FDMs

Retained credit card FDMs that defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2024 and that were reported as FDMs in the twelve months prior to the default were not material. Retained credit card FDMs that defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2023 and that were reported as FDMs on or after January 1, 2023, the date that the Firm adopted the changes to the TDR accounting guidance were not material. Refer to Note 1 for further information.

For credit card loans modified as FDMs, payment default is deemed to have occurred when the borrower misses two consecutive contractual payments. Defaulted modified credit card loans remain in the modification program and continue to be charged off in accordance with the Firm’s standard charge-off policy.

Financial effects of TDRs and defaults

For periods ending prior to January 1, 2023, modifications of credit card loans where the Firm granted concessions to borrowers who were experiencing financial difficulty were generally accounted for and reported as TDRs. The Firm granted concessions for most of the credit card loans under long-term programs. These concessions involved placing the customer’s credit card account on a fixed payment plan, generally for 60 months, and typically included reducing the interest rate on the credit card account. Substantially all modifications under the Firm’s long-term programs were considered to be TDRs. Loans with short-term or other insignificant modifications that were not considered concessions were not reported as TDRs.

The following table provides information about the financial effects of the concessions granted on credit card loans modified in TDRs and defaults for the periods presented. For the period disclosed, new enrollments were less than 1% of total retained credit card loans.


Year ended December 31, (in millions, except weighted-average data)	2022
Balance of new TDRs(a)	$	418
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – before TDR	19.86		%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – after TDR	4.13
Balance of loans that defaulted within one year of modification(b)	$	34

(a)Represents the outstanding balance prior to modification.

(b)Represents loans modified in TDRs that experienced a payment default in the periods presented, and for which the payment default occurred within one year of the modification. The amounts presented represent the balance of such loans as of the end of the quarter in which they defaulted.

For credit card loans modified in TDRs, payment default was deemed to have occurred when the borrower missed two consecutive contractual payments. Defaulted modified credit card loans remained in the modification program and continued to be charged of in accordance with the Firm’s standard charge-off policy.

Wholesale loan portfolio

Wholesale loans include loans made to a variety of clients, ranging from large corporate and institutional clients to small businesses and high-net-worth individuals.

The primary credit quality indicator for wholesale loans is the internal risk rating assigned to each loan. Risk ratings are used to identify the credit quality of loans and differentiate risk within the portfolio. Risk ratings on loans consider the PD and the LGD. The PD is the likelihood that a loan will default. The LGD is the estimated loss on the loan that would be realized upon the default of the borrower and takes into consideration collateral and structural support for each credit facility.

Management considers several factors to determine an appropriate internal risk rating, including the obligor’s debt capacity and financial flexibility, the level of the obligor’s earnings, the amount and sources for repayment, the level and nature of contingencies, management strength, and the industry and geography in which the obligor operates. The Firm’s internal risk ratings generally align with the qualitative characteristics (e.g., borrower capacity to meet financial commitments and vulnerability to changes in the economic environment) defined by S&P and Moody’s, however the quantitative characteristics (e.g., PD and LGD) may differ as they reflect internal historical experiences and assumptions. The Firm generally considers internal ratings with qualitative characteristics equivalent to BBB-/Baa3 or higher as investment grade, and these ratings have a lower PD and/or lower LGD than non-investment grade ratings.

Noninvestment-grade ratings are further classified as noncriticized and criticized, and the criticized portion is further subdivided into performing and nonaccrual

loans, representing management’s assessment of the collectibility of principal and interest. Criticized loans have a higher PD than noncriticized loans. The Firm’s definition of criticized aligns with the U.S. banking regulatory definition of criticized exposures, which consist of special mention, substandard and doubtful categories. Refer to Note 1 for additional information.

Risk ratings are reviewed on a regular and ongoing basis by Credit Risk Management and are adjusted as necessary for updated information affecting the obligor’s ability to fulfill its obligations.

As noted above, the risk rating of a loan considers the industry in which the obligor conducts its operations. As part of the overall credit risk management framework, the Firm focuses on the management and diversification of its industry and client exposures, with particular attention paid to industries with an actual or potential credit concern. Refer to Note 4 for further detail on industry concentrations.

Internal risk rating is the primary credit quality indicator for retained wholesale loans. The following tables provide information on internal risk rating and gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2024.


December 31, (in millions, except ratios)	Secured by real estate						Commercial and industrial						Other(a)						Total retained loans
	2024			2023			2024			2023			2024			2023			2024			2023
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	114,280		$	120,405		$	70,862		$	72,624		$	286,528		$	265,809		$	471,670		$	458,838
Noninvestment-grade:
Noncriticized	37,422			34,241			83,191			80,637			72,743			75,178			193,356			190,056
Criticized performing	9,291			7,291			10,977			12,684			1,160			1,257			21,428			21,232
Criticized nonaccrual	1,439			401			1,760			1,221			743			724			3,942			2,346
Total noninvestment-grade	48,152			41,933			95,928			94,542			74,646			77,159			218,726			213,634
Total retained loans	$	162,432		$	162,338		$	166,790		$	167,166		$	361,174		$	342,968		$	690,396		$	672,472
% of investment-grade to total retained loans	70.36		%	74.17		%	42.49		%	43.44		%	79.33		%	77.50		%	68.32		%	68.23		%
% of total criticized to total retained loans	6.61			4.74			7.64			8.32			0.53			0.58			3.67			3.51
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans	0.89			0.25			1.06			0.73			0.21			0.21			0.57			0.35

(a)Includes loans to financial institutions, SPEs, personal investment companies and trusts, individuals and individual entities (predominantly Global Private Bank clients within AWM and J.P. Morgan Wealth Management within CCB), states and political subdivisions, as well as loans to nonprofits. As of December 31, 2024, predominantly consisted of $114.8 billion to individuals and individual entities, $94.0 billion to financial institutions, and $92.5 billion to SPEs. Refer to Note 14 for more information on SPEs.


	Secured by real estate
(in millions)	December 31, 2024
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	10,002	$	9,834	$	25,284	$	22,796	$	15,548	$	29,488	$	1,328	$	—	$	114,280
Noninvestment-grade	4,238		5,366		14,717		8,567		3,462		10,392		1,317		93		48,152
Total retained loans	$	14,240	$	15,200	$	40,001	$	31,363	$	19,010	$	39,880	$	2,645	$	93	$	162,432
Gross charge-offs	$	72	$	18	$	43	$	2	$	109	$	80	$	—	$	—	$	324


	Secured by real estate
(in millions)	December 31, 2023
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	10,687	$	28,874	$	25,784	$	16,820	$	15,677	$	21,108	$	1,455	$	—	$	120,405
Noninvestment-grade	4,477		12,579		7,839		3,840		3,987		7,918		1,291		2		41,933
Total retained loans	$	15,164	$	41,453	$	33,623	$	20,660	$	19,664	$	29,026	$	2,746	$	2	$	162,338
Gross charge-offs	$	20	$	48	$	22	$	—	$	23	$	78	$	—	$	1	$	192


	Commercial and industrial
(in millions)	December 31, 2024
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	11,564	$	6,285	$	6,588	$	3,119	$	1,067	$	1,139	$	41,099	$	1	$	70,862
Noninvestment-grade	21,251		11,350		10,942		5,322		783		975		45,181		124		95,928
Total retained loans	$	32,815	$	17,635	$	17,530	$	8,441	$	1,850	$	2,114	$	86,280	$	125	$	166,790
Gross charge-offs	$	25	$	22	$	128	$	24	$	1	$	50	$	270	$	5	$	525


	Commercial and industrial
(in millions)	December 31, 2023
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	14,875	$	10,642	$	4,276	$	2,291	$	1,030	$	1,115	$	38,394	$	1	$	72,624
Noninvestment-grade	18,890		16,444		9,299		1,989		1,144		1,006		45,696		74		94,542
Total retained loans	$	33,765	$	27,086	$	13,575	$	4,280	$	2,174	$	2,121	$	84,090	$	75	$	167,166
Gross charge-offs	$	25	$	8	$	110	$	55	$	2	$	12	$	259	$	8	$	479


	Other(a)
(in millions)	December 31, 2024
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	30,484	$	17,039	$	13,272	$	6,288	$	8,632	$	7,382	$	201,949	$	1,482	$	286,528
Noninvestment-grade	11,784		7,248		5,918		3,296		1,366		1,886		42,954		194		74,646
Total retained loans	$	42,268	$	24,287	$	19,190	$	9,584	$	9,998	$	9,268	$	244,903	$	1,676	$	361,174
Gross charge-offs	$	—	$	38	$	3	$	36	$	40	$	50	$	6	$	—	$	173


	Other(a)
(in millions)	December 31, 2023
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	38,338	$	18,034	$	10,033	$	10,099	$	3,721	$	6,662	$	176,728	$	2,194	$	265,809
Noninvestment-grade	14,054		8,092		6,169		2,172		811		2,001		43,801		59		77,159
Total retained loans	$	52,392	$	26,126	$	16,202	$	12,271	$	4,532	$	8,663	$	220,529	$	2,253	$	342,968
Gross charge-offs	$	5	$	298	$	8	$	8	$	—	$	8	$	13	$	—	$	340

The following table presents additional information on retained loans secured by real estate, which consists of loans secured wholly or substantially by a lien or liens on real property at origination. Multifamily lending includes financing for acquisition, leasing and construction of apartment buildings. Other commercial lending largely includes financing for acquisition, leasing and construction, largely for office, retail and industrial real estate. Included in secured by real estate loans were $12.2 billion and $10.2 billion as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, of construction and development loans made to finance land development and on-site construction of commercial, industrial, residential, or farm buildings.


December 31, (in millions, except ratios)	Multifamily						Other Commercial						Total retained loans secured by real estate
	2024			2023			2024			2023			2024			2023
Retained loans secured by real estate	$	101,114		$	100,725		$	61,318		$	61,613		$	162,432		$	162,338
Criticized	4,700			3,596			6,030			4,096			10,730			7,692
% of criticized to total retained loans secured by real estate	4.65		%	3.57		%	9.83		%	6.65		%	6.61		%	4.74		%
Criticized nonaccrual	$	337		$	76		$	1,102		$	325		$	1,439		$	401
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total retained loans secured by real estate	0.33		%	0.08		%	1.80		%	0.53		%	0.89		%	0.25		%

Geographic distribution and delinquency

The following table provides information on the geographic distribution and delinquency for retained wholesale loans.


December 31, (in millions)	Secured by real estate				Commercial and industrial				Other				Total retained loans
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Loans by geographic distribution(a)
Total U.S.	$	159,209	$	159,499	$	127,626	$	127,638	$	278,077	$	262,499	$	564,912	$	549,636
Total non-U.S.	3,223		2,839		39,164		39,528		83,097		80,469		125,484		122,836
Total retained loans	$	162,432	$	162,338	$	166,790	$	167,166	$	361,174	$	342,968	$	690,396	$	672,472
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	159,949	$	161,314	$	164,104	$	164,899	$	359,191	$	341,128	$	683,244	$	667,341
30–89 days past due and still accruing	918		473		868		884		1,152		1,090		2,938		2,447
90 or more days past due and still accruing(b)	126		150		58		162		88		26		272		338
Criticized nonaccrual	1,439		401		1,760		1,221		743		724		3,942		2,346
Total retained loans	$	162,432	$	162,338	$	166,790	$	167,166	$	361,174	$	342,968	$	690,396	$	672,472

(a)The U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.

(b)Represents loans that are considered well-collateralized and therefore still accruing interest.

Nonaccrual loans

The following table provides information on retained wholesale nonaccrual loans.


December 31, (in millions)	Secured by real estate				Commercial and industrial				Other				Total retained loans
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Nonaccrual loans
With an allowance	$	366	$	129	$	1,362	$	776	$	555	$	492	$	2,283	$	1,397
Without an allowance(a)	1,073		272		398		445		188		232		1,659		949
Total nonaccrual loans(b)	$	1,439	$	401	$	1,760	$	1,221	$	743	$	724	$	3,942	$	2,346

(a)When the discounted cash flows or collateral value equals or exceeds the amortized cost of the loan, the loan does not require an allowance. This typically occurs when the loans have been partially charged off and/or there have been interest payments received and applied to the loan balance.

(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was $51 million and $19 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Loan modifications

The Firm grants certain modifications of wholesale loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

Financial effects of FDMs

The following tables provide information on retained wholesale loan modifications considered FDMs.


(in millions, except ratios)		Secured by real estate
	Year ended December 31, 2024
		Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications

Term extension		$	271	0.17	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 21 months

Other-than-insignificant payment deferral		37		0.02		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts re-amortized over the remaining tenor
Multiple modifications

Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and interest rate reduction		46		0.03		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts recaptured at maturity and reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 162 bps

Total		$	354


	Secured by real estate
	Year ended December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	149	0.09	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 14 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	3		—		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining life of the loan
Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and interest rate reduction	5		—		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at maturity and reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 184 bps

Other(a)	3		—		NM
Total	$	160

(a) Includes a loan with multiple modifications.


(in millions, except ratios)		Commercial and industrial
	Year ended December 31, 2024
		Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension		$	1,180	0.71	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 20 months

Other-than-insignificant payment deferral		464		0.28		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining tenor

Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension		175		0.10		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts recaptured at maturity and extended loans by a weighted-average of 18 months


Interest rate reduction and term extension		51		0.03		Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 434 bps and extended loans by a weighted-average of 36 months
Other(a)		30		0.02		NM
Total		$	1,900

(a) Includes loans with single and multiple modifications.


	Commercial and industrial
	Year ended December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	916	0.55	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 17 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	402		0.24		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period
Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension	35		0.02		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining life of the loan and extended loans by a weighted-average of 7 months


Interest rate reduction and term extension	1		—		Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate over the life of the loan as a result of converting from variable to fixed rate and extended loans by a weighted-average of 16 months
Other(a)	9		—		NM
Total	$	1,363

(a) Include loans with multiple modifications.


(in millions, except ratios)		Other
	Year ended December 31, 2024
		Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans		Financial effect of loan modification
Single modifications

Term extension		$	268	0.07	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 28 months


Multiple modifications

Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension		2		—		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts recaptured at maturity and extended loans by a weighted-average of 6 months
Other(a)		5		—		NM
Total		$	275

(a) Includes loans with a single modification.


	Other
	Year ended December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	355	0.10	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 23 months

Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension	245		0.07		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period and extended loans by a weighted-average of 137 months
Other(a)	$	9	—		NM
Total	$	609

(a) Includes a loan with a single modification.

Payment status of FDMs

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained wholesale FDMs during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.


	Amortized cost basis
	Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other		Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other
(in millions)	Year ended December 31, 2024						Year ended December 31, 2023
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	264	$	1,215	$	240	$	118	$	947	$	400
30-89 days past due and still accruing	3		13		9		2		42		—

Criticized nonaccrual	87		672		26		40		374		209
Total	$	354	$	1,900	$	275	$	160	$	1,363	$	609

Defaults of FDMs

The following table provides information on retained wholesale FDMs that defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2024 that were reported as FDMs in the twelve months prior to the default, and FDMs that defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2023 that were reported as FDMs on or after January 1, 2023, the date that the Firm adopted the changes to the TDR accounting guidance.


	Amortized cost basis
	Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other		Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other
(in millions)	Year ended December 31, 2024				Year ended December 31, 2023
Term extension	$	3	$	92	$	22	$	1	$	49	$	31
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	—		118		—		2		—		—

Interest rate reduction and term extension	—		—		—		3		1		—
Total(a)	$	3	$	210	$	22	$	6	$	50	$	31

(a)Represents FDMs that were 30 days or more past due.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, additional unfunded commitments on modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty were $1.8 billion at each period in Commercial and industrial, and $69 million and $4 million, respectively, in Other loan class. Additional commitments on modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans have been modified as FDMs in Secured by real estate were not material at each period.

Nature and extent of TDRs

Prior to January 1, 2023, certain loan modifications were considered TDRs. These loan modifications provided various concessions to borrower who were experiencing financial difficulty. Loans with short-term or other insignificant modifications that were not considered concessions were not TDRs nor were loans for which the Firm elected to suspend TDR accounting guidance under the option provided by the CARES Act.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, new TDRs were $801 million. New TDRs for the year ended December 31, 2022 reflected extended maturity dates and covenant waivers primarily in the Commercial and Industrial loan class. For the year ended December 31, 2022, the impact of these modifications resulting in new TDRs was not material to the Firm.

As a result of the elimination of the requirement to assess whether a modification is reasonably expected or involves a concession, the population of loans considered FDMs is greater than the population previously considered TDRs.

Goodwill, Mortgage Servicing Rights, and Other Intangible Assets - Future Amortization Expense (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
2025	$ 288
2026	285
2027	284
2028	267
2029	$ 261

Insider Trading Policies and Procedures	12 Months Ended
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures	Dec. 31, 2024
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures [Line Items]
Insider Trading Policies and Procedures Adopted	true

Pension and Other Postretirement Employee Benefit Plans

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Retirement Benefits [Abstract]

Pension and other postretirement

employee benefit plans

The Firm has various defined benefit pension plans and OPEB plans that provide benefits to its employees in the U.S. and certain non-U.S. locations. Substantially all the defined benefit pension plans are closed to new participants. The principal defined benefit pension plan in the U.S., which covered substantially all U.S. employees, was closed to new participants and frozen for existing participants on January 1, 2020, (and January 1, 2019 for new hires on or after December 2, 2017). Interest credits continue to accrue to participants’ accounts based on their accumulated balances.

The Firm maintains funded and unfunded postretirement benefit plans that provide medical and life insurance for certain eligible employees and retirees

as well as their dependents covered under these programs. None of these plans have a material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Firm also provides a qualified defined contribution plan in the U.S. and maintains other similar arrangements in certain non-U.S. locations. The most significant of these plans is the JPMorgan Chase 401(k) Savings Plan (“the 401(k) Savings Plan”), which covers substantially all U.S. employees. Employees can contribute to the 401(k) Savings Plan on a pretax and/or Roth 401(k) after-tax basis. The Firm makes annual matching and pay credit contributions to the 401(k) Savings Plan on behalf of eligible participants.


As of or for the year ended December 31,
(in millions)	2024		2023
Projected benefit obligations	$	(14,459)	$	(14,740)
Fair value of plan assets	22,201		22,013
Net funded status	7,742		7,273
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	(1,649)		(1,517)

The weighted-average discount rate used to value the benefit obligations as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, was 5.49% and 5.16%, respectively.

Gains and losses

Gains or losses resulting from changes in the benefit obligation and the fair value of plan assets are recorded in OCI. Amortization of net gains or losses are recognized as part of the net periodic benefit cost over subsequent periods, if, as of the beginning of the year, the net gain or loss exceeds 10% of the greater of the projected benefit obligation or the fair value of the plan assets. Amortization is generally over the average expected remaining lifetime of plan participants, given the frozen status of most plans. For the year ended

December 31, 2024, the net loss was attributable to lower than expected returns on plan assets, partially offset by projected benefit obligation net gains primarily related to changes in the discount rate. For the year ended December 31, 2023, the net gain was attributable to market-driven increases in the fair value of plan assets, partially offset by changes in the discount rate and interest crediting rate.



Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Total net periodic defined benefit plan cost/(credit)(a)	$	(462)	$	(393)	$	(192)	(b)
Total defined contribution plans	1,733		1,609		1,408
Total pension and OPEB cost included in noninterest expense	$	1,271	$	1,216	$	1,216
Total recognized in other comprehensive (income)/loss	$	131	$	(421)	$	1,459

(b)Includes pension settlement losses of $92 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The following table presents the weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to determine the net periodic benefit costs for the defined benefit pension and OPEB plans.



Year ended December 31,	2024		2023		2022
Discount rate	5.16	%	5.14	%	2.54	%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	6.15	%	5.74	%	3.68	%

Plan assumptions

The Firm’s expected long-term rate of return is a blended weighted average, by asset allocation of the projected long-term returns for the various asset classes, taking into consideration local market conditions and the specific allocation of plan assets. Returns on asset classes are developed using a forward-looking approach and are not strictly based on historical returns, with consideration given to current market conditions and the portfolio mix of each plan.

The discount rates used in determining the benefit obligations are generally provided by the Firm’s actuaries, with the Firm’s principal defined benefit pension plan using a rate that was selected by reference to the yields on portfolios of bonds with maturity dates and coupons that closely match the plan’s projected annual cash flows.

Investment strategy and asset allocation

The assets of the Firm’s defined benefit pension plans are held in various trusts and are invested in well-diversified portfolios of equity and fixed income securities, cash and cash equivalents, and alternative investments. The Firm regularly reviews the asset allocations and asset managers, as well as other factors that could impact the portfolios, which are rebalanced when deemed necessary. As of December 31, 2024, the approved asset allocation ranges by asset class for the Firm’s principal defined benefit plan are 41-100% debt securities, 0-40% equity securities, 0-1% real estate, and 0-8% alternatives.

Assets held by the Firm’s defined benefit pension and OPEB plans do not include securities issued by JPMorganChase or its affiliates, except through indirect exposures through investments in exchange traded funds, mutual funds and collective investment funds managed by third-parties. The defined benefit pension and OPEB plans hold investments that are sponsored or managed by affiliates of JPMorganChase in the amount of $1.8 billion as of both December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Fair value measurement of the plans’ assets and liabilities

Refer to Note 2 for information on fair value measurements, including descriptions of level 1, 2, and 3 of the fair value hierarchy and the valuation methods employed by the Firm.


Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans assets and liabilities measured at fair value

	2024								2023
December 31, (in millions)	Level 1(a)		Level 2(b)		Level 3(c)		Total fair value		Level 1(a)		Level 2(b)		Level 3(c)		Total fair value
Assets measured at fair value classified in the fair value hierarchy	$	6,910	$	9,693	$	3,956	$	20,559	$	6,521	$	10,713	$	3,124	$	20,358
Assets measured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient							2,101								2,097
Net defined benefit pension plan payables							(459)								(442)
Total fair value of plan assets							$	22,201							$	22,013

(a) Consists predominantly of equity securities, U.S. federal, state, and local and non-U.S. government debt securities, and cash equivalents.

(b) Consists of corporate debt securities, fund investments, mortgage-backed securities, and U.S. federal, state, and local and non-U.S. government debt securities.

Changes in level 3 fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs

Investments classified in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy increased in 2024 to $4.0 billion, due to $536 million of transfers in and $415 million in unrealized gains, partially offset by $123 million in settlements. The net increase in 2023 was due to $400 million in unrealized gains and $173 million of transfers in, partially offset by $59 million in settlements.

Estimated future benefit payments

The following table presents benefit payments expected to be paid for the defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the years indicated.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)
2025	$	1,186
2026	1,155
2027	1,134
2028	1,095
2029	1,093
Years 2030–2034	5,229

The entire disclosure for retirement benefits.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 70
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480794/715-70-50-1

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 17
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480482/715-20-55-17

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)(iv)(03)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)(i)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (q)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (l)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/715/tableOfContent

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 715
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)(iii)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (o)
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480506/715-20-50-1

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Pension and Other Postretirement Employee Benefit Plans - Changes In Level 3 Fair Value Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Investments classified in level 3 of the valuation hierarchy	$ 22,201	$ 22,013
Transfers into Level 3	536	173
Unrealized gains	415	400
Decrease for settlements	123	59
Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Investments classified in level 3 of the valuation hierarchy	$ 3,956	$ 3,124

Amount of asset segregated and restricted to provide benefit under defined benefit plan. Asset includes, but is not limited to, stock, bond, other investment, earning from investment, and contribution by employer and employee.

Interest Income (Expense), Operating [Abstract]

Business Combinations - Loans Acquired (Details) - First Republic $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
UPB	$ 174,281
Fair value	153,242
Consumer
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
UPB	109,333
Fair value	94,083
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
UPB	106,240
Fair value	92,053
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
UPB	3,093
Fair value	2,030
Wholesale
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
UPB	64,948
Fair value	59,159
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
UPB	37,117
Fair value	33,602
Wholesale \| Commercial and industrial
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
UPB	4,332
Fair value	3,932
Wholesale \| Other
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
UPB	23,499
Fair value	$ 21,625

Pension and Other Postretirement Employee Benefit Plans - Gains and Losses (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Defined benefit pension plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Percent above which amortization of net gains and losses is included in annual net periodic benefit cost	10.00%

Interest Income and Interest Expense

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Interest Income and Interest Expense

Interest income and interest expense

Interest income and interest expense are recorded in the Consolidated statements of income and classified based on the nature of the underlying asset or liability.

Interest income and interest expense includes the current-period interest accruals for financial instruments measured at fair value, except for derivatives and certain financial instruments containing embedded derivatives; for those instruments, all changes in fair value including any interest elements, are primarily reported in principal transactions revenue. For financial instruments that are not measured at fair value, the related interest is included within interest income or interest expense, as applicable. Interest income and interest expense also includes the effect of derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting where applicable.

Interest income on loans and securities include the amortization and accretion of purchase premiums and discounts, as well as net deferred fees and costs on loans. These amounts are deferred in loans and investment securities, respectively, and recognized on a level-yield basis.

Refer to Notes 5, 10, 11, 12, and 20 for further information on accounting for interest income and interest expense related to hedge accounting, investment securities, securities financing activities (i.e., securities purchased or sold under resale or repurchase agreements; securities borrowed; and securities loaned), loans and long-term debt, respectively.

The following table presents the components of interest income and interest expense:


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024			2023			2022
Interest income
Loans	$	92,353	(d)	$	83,384	(d)	$	52,736
Taxable securities	21,947			17,390			10,372
Non-taxable securities(a)	1,197			1,336			975
Total investment securities	23,144		(d)	18,726		(d)	11,347
Trading assets - debt instruments	20,327			15,950			9,053
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	18,299			15,079			4,632
Securities borrowed	9,208			7,983			2,237
Deposits with banks	22,297			21,797			9,039
All other interest-earning assets(b)	8,305			7,669			3,763
Total interest income	$	193,933		$	170,588		$	92,807
Interest expense
Interest bearing deposits	$	49,559		$	40,016		$	10,082
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	19,149			13,259			3,721
Short-term borrowings	2,101			1,894			747
Trading liabilities - debt and all other interest-bearing liabilities(c)	10,238			9,396			3,246
Long-term debt	18,920			15,803			8,075
Beneficial interest issued by consolidated VIEs	1,383			953			226
Total interest expense	$	101,350		$	81,321		$	26,097
Net interest income	$	92,583		$	89,267		$	66,710
Provision for credit losses	10,678			9,320			6,389
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	$	81,905		$	79,947		$	60,321

(a)Represents securities that are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

(b)Includes interest earned on brokerage-related held-for-investment customer receivables, which are classified in accrued interest and accounts receivable, and all other interest-earning assets, which are classified in other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.

(c)All other interest-bearing liabilities includes interest expense on brokerage-related customer payables.

(d)Includes the accretion of the purchase discount on certain acquired loans and investment securities associated with First Republic. Refer to Note 34 for additional information.

The entire disclosure for interest income and interest expense for enterprises that derive a significant portion of their revenue from interest collected on investments, loans, and securities.

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Fair Value Measurement (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Schedule of fair value methodologies

The following table describes the valuation methodologies generally used by the Firm to measure its significant products/instruments at fair value, including the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the fair value hierarchy.

Product/instrument

Valuation methodology

Classifications in the fair value hierarchy

Securities financing agreements

Valuations are based on discounted cash flows, which consider:

Predominantly level 2

• Derivative features: refer to the discussion of derivatives below for further information

• Market rates for the respective maturity

• Collateral characteristics

Loans and lending-related commitments — wholesale

Loans carried at fair value

(trading loans and non-trading loans) and associated

lending-related commitments

Where observable market data is available, valuations are based on:

Level 2 or 3

• Observed market prices (circumstances are infrequent)

• Relevant broker quotes

• Observed market prices for similar instruments

Where observable market data is unavailable or limited, valuations are based on discounted cash flows, which consider the following:

• Credit spreads derived from the cost of CDS; or benchmark credit curves developed by the Firm, by industry and credit rating

• Prepayment speed

• Collateral characteristics

Loans — consumer

Fair value is based on observable market prices for mortgage-backed securities with similar collateral and incorporates adjustments to these prices to account for differences between the securities and the value of the underlying loans, which include credit characteristics, portfolio composition, and liquidity.

Predominantly level 2

Loans carried at fair value — residential mortgage loans expected to be sold

Investment and trading securities

Quoted market prices

Level 1

In the absence of quoted market prices, securities are valued based on:

Level 2 or 3

• Observable market prices for similar securities

• Relevant broker quotes

• Discounted cash flows

In addition, the following inputs to discounted cash flows are used for the following products:

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities specific inputs:

• Collateral characteristics

• Deal-specific payment and loss allocations

• Current market assumptions related to yield, prepayment speed, conditional default rates and loss severity

Collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) specific inputs:

• Collateral characteristics

• Deal-specific payment and loss allocations

• Expected prepayment speed, conditional default rates, loss severity

• Credit spreads

• Credit rating data

Physical commodities

Valued using observable market prices or data.

Predominantly Level 1 or 2

Product/instrument

Valuation methodology

Classifications in the fair value hierarchy

Derivatives

Actively traded derivatives, e.g., exchange-traded derivatives, that are valued using quoted prices.

Level 1

Derivatives that are valued using models such as the Black-Scholes option pricing model, simulation models, or a combination of models that may use observable or unobservable valuation inputs as well as considering the contractual terms.

The key valuation inputs used will depend on the type of derivative and the nature of the underlying instruments and may include equity prices, commodity prices, foreign exchange rates, volatilities, correlations, CDS spreads, recovery rates and prepayment speed.

Level 2 or 3

In addition, specific inputs used for derivatives that are valued based on models with significant unobservable inputs are as follows:

Interest rate and FX exotic derivatives specific inputs include:

• Interest rate curve

• Interest rate volatility

• Interest rate spread volatility

• Bermudan switch value

• Interest rate correlation

• Interest rate-FX correlation

• Foreign exchange correlation

Credit derivatives specific inputs include:

• Credit correlation between the underlying debt instruments

Equity derivatives specific inputs include:

• Forward equity price

• Equity volatility

• Equity correlation

• Equity-FX correlation

• Equity-IR correlation

Commodity derivatives specific inputs include:

• Forward commodity price

• Commodity volatility

• Commodity correlation

Additionally, adjustments are made to reflect counterparty credit quality (CVA) and the impact of funding (FVA). Refer to page 198 of this Note.

Mortgage servicing rights

Refer to Mortgage servicing rights in Note 15.

Level 3

Private equity direct investments

Fair value is estimated using all available information; the range of potential inputs include:

Level 2 or 3

• Transaction prices

• Trading multiples of comparable public companies

• Operating performance of the underlying portfolio company

• Adjustments as required, since comparable public companies are not identical to the company being valued, and for company-specific issues including lack of liquidity

• Additional available inputs relevant to the investment

Product/instrument

Valuation methodology

Classification in the fair value hierarchy

Fund investments (e.g., mutual/collective investment funds, private equity funds, hedge funds, and real estate funds)

Net asset value

• NAV is supported by the ability to redeem and purchase at the NAV level

Level 1

• Adjustments to the NAV as required, for restrictions on redemption (e.g., lock-up periods or withdrawal limitations) or where observable activity is limited

Level 2 or 3(a)

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs

Valued using observable market information, where available.

Level 2 or 3

In the absence of observable market information, valuations are based on the fair value of the underlying assets held by the VIE.

Structured notes (included in deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term debt)

Valuations are based on discounted cash flow analyses that consider the embedded derivative and the terms and payment structure of the note.

The embedded derivative features are considered using models such as the Black-Scholes option pricing model, simulation models, or a combination of models that may use observable or unobservable valuation inputs, depending on the embedded derivative. The specific inputs used vary according to the nature of the embedded derivative features, as described in the discussion above regarding derivatives valuation. Adjustments are then made to this base valuation to reflect the Firm’s own credit risk (DVA). Refer to page 198 of this Note.

Level 2 or 3

(a)Excludes certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis

The following table presents the assets and liabilities reported at fair value as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.


Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
	Fair value hierarchy
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Derivative netting adjustments(e)		Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	—	$	286,771	$	—	$	—	$	286,771
Securities borrowed	—		83,962		—		—		83,962
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)	—		104,312		488		—		104,800
Residential – nonagency	—		2,282		5		—		2,287
Commercial – nonagency	—		1,283		10		—		1,293
Total mortgage-backed securities	—		107,877		503		—		108,380
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies(a)	150,580		11,702		—		—		162,282
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	—		6,100		1		—		6,101
Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper	—		3,950		—		—		3,950
Non-U.S. government debt securities	34,108		54,335		152		—		88,595
Corporate debt securities	—		33,591		390		—		33,981
Loans	—		10,228		1,088		—		11,316
Asset-backed securities	—		2,813		10		—		2,823
Total debt instruments	184,688		230,596		2,144		—		417,428
Equity securities	130,307		1,359		62		—		131,728
Physical commodities(b)	5,957		1,533		26		—		7,516
Other	—		19,935		210		—		20,145
Total debt and equity instruments(c)	320,952		253,423		2,442		—		576,817
Derivative receivables:
Interest rate	4,934		282,019		3,781		(265,789)		24,945
Credit	—		10,379		708		(10,273)		814
Foreign exchange	196		261,520		1,204		(237,608)		25,312
Equity	—		82,855		2,365		(79,935)		5,285
Commodity	—		15,232		394		(11,015)		4,611
Total derivative receivables	5,130		652,005		8,452		(604,620)		60,967
Total trading assets(d)	326,082		905,428		10,894		(604,620)		637,784
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)	—		91,893		—		—		91,893
Residential – nonagency	—		4,811		—		—		4,811
Commercial – nonagency	—		4,057		8		—		4,065
Total mortgage-backed securities	—		100,761		8		—		100,769
U.S. Treasury and government agencies	234,491		288		—		—		234,779
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	—		17,913		—		—		17,913
Non-U.S. government debt securities	23,973		12,272		—		—		36,245
Corporate debt securities	—		70		—		—		70
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	—		14,943		—		—		14,943
Other(a)	—		2,133		—		—		2,133
Total available-for-sale securities	258,464		148,380		8		—		406,852
Loans(e)	—		38,934		2,416		—		41,350
Mortgage servicing rights	—		—		9,121		—		9,121
Other assets(d)	5,732		6,997		1,344		—		14,073
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	590,278	$	1,470,472	$	23,783	$	(604,620)	$	1,479,913
Deposits	$	—	$	31,583	$	2,185	$	—	$	33,768
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	—		226,329		—		—		226,329
Short-term borrowings	—		23,045		3,476		—		26,521
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments(c)	120,719		32,457		46		—		153,222
Derivative payables:
Interest rate	3,981		266,767		3,480		(264,989)		9,239
Credit	—		12,725		1,071		(11,898)		1,898
Foreign exchange	187		253,196		1,184		(238,970)		15,597
Equity	—		90,908		5,231		(87,491)		8,648
Commodity	—		14,021		467		(10,209)		4,279
Total derivative payables	4,168		637,617		11,433		(613,557)		39,661
Total trading liabilities	124,887		670,074		11,479		(613,557)		192,883
Accounts payable and other liabilities	3,100		2,717		76		—		5,893
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	—		1		—		—		1
Long-term debt	—		66,216		34,564		—		100,780
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	127,987	$	1,019,965	$	51,780	$	(613,557)	$	586,175


	Fair value hierarchy
December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Derivative netting adjustments(e)		Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	—	$	259,813	$	—	$	—	$	259,813
Securities borrowed	—		70,086		—		—		70,086
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)	—		73,840		758		—		74,598
Residential – nonagency	—		1,921		5		—		1,926
Commercial – nonagency	—		1,362		12		—		1,374
Total mortgage-backed securities	—		77,123		775		—		77,898
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies(a)	133,997		9,998		—		—		143,995
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	—		5,858		10		—		5,868
Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper	—		756		—		—		756
Non-U.S. government debt securities	24,846		55,557		179		—		80,582
Corporate debt securities	—		32,854		484		—		33,338
Loans	—		7,872		684		—		8,556
Asset-backed securities	—		2,199		6		—		2,205
Total debt instruments	158,843		192,217		2,138		—		353,198
Equity securities	107,926		679		127		—		108,732
Physical commodities(b)	2,479		3,305		7		—		5,791
Other	—		17,879		101		—		17,980
Total debt and equity instruments(c)	269,248		214,080		2,373		—		485,701
Derivative receivables:
Interest rate	2,815		243,578		4,298		(224,367)		26,324
Credit	—		8,644		1,010		(9,103)		551
Foreign exchange	149		204,737		889		(187,756)		18,019
Equity	—		55,167		2,522		(52,761)		4,928
Commodity	—		15,234		205		(10,397)		5,042
Total derivative receivables	2,964		527,360		8,924		(484,384)		54,864
Total trading assets(d)	272,212		741,440		11,297		(484,384)		540,565
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)	—		85,170		—		—		85,170
Residential – nonagency	—		3,639		—		—		3,639
Commercial – nonagency	—		2,803		—		—		2,803
Total mortgage-backed securities	—		91,612		—		—		91,612
U.S. Treasury and government agencies	57,683		122		—		—		57,805
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	—		21,367		—		—		21,367
Non-U.S. government debt securities	13,095		8,187		—		—		21,282
Corporate debt securities	—		100		—		—		100
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	—		6,752		—		—		6,752
Other(a)	—		2,786		—		—		2,786
Total available-for-sale securities	70,778		130,926		—		—		201,704
Loans(e)	—		35,772		3,079		—		38,851
Mortgage servicing rights	—		—		8,522		—		8,522
Other assets(d)	6,635		3,929		758		—		11,322
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	349,625	$	1,241,966	$	23,656	$	(484,384)	$	1,130,863
Deposits	$	—	$	76,551	$	1,833	$	—	$	78,384
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	—		169,003		—		—		169,003
Short-term borrowings	—		18,284		1,758		—		20,042
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments(c)	107,292		32,252		37		—		139,581
Derivative payables:
Interest rate	4,409		232,277		3,796		(228,586)		11,896
Credit	—		11,293		745		(10,949)		1,089
Foreign exchange	147		211,289		827		(199,643)		12,620
Equity	—		60,887		4,924		(56,443)		9,368
Commodity	—		15,894		484		(10,504)		5,874
Total derivative payables	4,556		531,640		10,776		(506,125)		40,847
Total trading liabilities	111,848		563,892		10,813		(506,125)		180,428
Accounts payable and other liabilities	3,968		1,617		52		—		5,637
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	—		1		—		—		1
Long-term debt	—		60,198		27,726		—		87,924
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	115,816	$	889,546	$	42,182	$	(506,125)	$	541,419

(a)At December 31, 2024 and 2023, included total U.S. GSE obligations of $120.1 billion and $78.5 billion, respectively, which were mortgage-related.

(b)Physical commodities inventories are generally accounted for at the lower of cost or net realizable value. “Net realizable value” is a term defined in U.S. GAAP as not exceeding fair value less costs to sell (“transaction costs”). Transaction costs for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories are either not applicable or immaterial to the value of the inventory. Therefore, net realizable value approximates fair value for the Firm’s physical commodities inventories. When fair value hedging has been applied (or when net realizable value is below cost), the carrying value of physical commodities approximates fair value, because under fair value hedge accounting, the cost basis is adjusted for changes in fair value. Refer to Note 5 for a further discussion of the Firm’s hedge accounting relationships. To provide consistent fair value disclosure information, all physical commodities inventories have been included in each period presented.

(c)Balances reflect the reduction of securities owned (long positions) by the amount of identical securities sold but not yet purchased (short positions).

(d)Certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient are not required to be classified in the fair value hierarchy. At both December 31, 2024 and 2023, the fair values of these investments, which include certain hedge funds, private equity funds, real estate and other funds, were $1.0 billion, primarily reported in other assets.

(e)As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral received and paid when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. The level 3 balances would be reduced if netting were applied, including the netting benefit associated with cash collateral.

Fair value inputs, assets and liabilities, quantitative information

The following table presents the Firm’s primary level 3 financial instruments, the valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of those financial instruments, the significant unobservable inputs, the range of values for those inputs and the weighted or arithmetic averages of such inputs. While the determination to classify an instrument within level 3 is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement, level 3 financial instruments typically include observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources) in addition to the unobservable components. The level 1 and/or level 2 inputs are not included in the table. In addition, the Firm manages the risk of the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within levels 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The range of values presented in the table is representative of the highest and lowest level input used to value the significant groups of instruments within a product/instrument classification. Where provided, the weighted averages of the input values presented in the table are calculated based on the fair value of the instruments that the input is being used to value.

In the Firm’s view, the input range, weighted and arithmetic average values do not reflect the degree of input uncertainty or an assessment of the reasonableness of the Firm’s estimates and assumptions. Rather, they reflect the characteristics of the various instruments held by the Firm and the relative distribution of instruments within the range of characteristics. For example, two option contracts may have similar levels of market risk exposure and valuation uncertainty, but may have significantly different implied volatility levels because the option contracts have different underlyings, tenors, or strike prices. The input range and weighted and arithmetic average values will therefore vary from period-to-period and parameter-to-parameter based on the characteristics of the instruments held by the Firm at each balance sheet date.


Level 3 inputs(a)
December 31, 2024
Product/Instrument	Fair value (in millions)		Principal valuation technique	Unobservable inputs(g)	Range of input values	Average(i)
Residential mortgage-backed securities and loans(b)	$	861	Discounted cash flows	Yield	0%	103%	8%
				Prepayment speed	3%	13%	8%
				Conditional default rate	0%	7%	0%
				Loss severity	0%	110%	5%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and loans(c)	1,424		Market comparables	Price	$0	$90	$81
Corporate debt securities	390		Market comparables	Price	$0	$148	$95
Loans(d)	1,730		Market comparables	Price	$0	$107	$79
Non-U.S. government debt securities	152		Market comparables	Price	$0	$103	$95
Net interest rate derivatives	293		Option pricing	Interest rate volatility	9bps	1,097bps	115bps
				Interest rate spread volatility	37bps	77bps	64bps
				Bermudan switch value	0%	45%	17%
				Interest rate correlation	(82)%	97%	64%
				IR-FX correlation	(35)%	60%	8%
	8		Discounted cash flows	Prepayment speed	0%	21%	7%
Net credit derivatives	(393)		Discounted cash flows	Credit correlation	31%	79%	47%
				Credit spread	0bps	2,717bps	331bps
				Recovery rate	10%	90%	61%
	30		Market comparables	Price	$0	$115	$74
Net foreign exchange derivatives	62		Option pricing	IR-FX correlation	(40)%	60%	22%
	(42)		Discounted cash flows	Prepayment speed	11%	11%
				Interest rate curve	1%	27%	7%
Net equity derivatives	(2,866)		Option pricing	Forward equity price(h)	76%	153%	100%
				Equity volatility	5%	135%	32%
				Equity correlation	17%	100%	56%
				Equity-FX correlation	(80)%	65%	(32)%
				Equity-IR correlation	5%	25%	14%
Net commodity derivatives	(73)		Option pricing	Oil commodity forward	$87 / BBL	$291 / BBL	$160 / BBL
				Natural gas commodity forward	$2 / MMBTU	$7 / MMBTU	$4 / MMBTU
				Commodity volatility	2%	43%	5%
				Commodity correlation	(35)%	98%	(9)%
MSRs	9,121		Discounted cash flows	Refer to Note 15
Long-term debt, short-term borrowings, and deposits(e)	38,901		Option pricing	Interest rate volatility	9bps	1,097bps	115bps
				Bermudan switch value	0%	45%	17%
				Interest rate correlation	(82)%	97%	64%
				IR-FX correlation	(35)%	60%	8%
				Equity volatility	2%	137%	28%
				Equity correlation	17%	100%	56%
				Equity-FX correlation	(80)%	65%	(32)%
				Equity-IR correlation	5%	25%	14%
	1,324		Discounted cash flows	Credit correlation	30%	57%	46%
				Credit spread	2bps	270bps	83bps
				Recovery rate	20%	40%	35%
				Yield	5%	20%	10%
				Loss severity	0%	100%	50%
Other level 3 assets and liabilities, net(f)	1,531

(a)The categories presented in the table have been aggregated based upon the product type, which may differ from their classification on the Consolidated balance sheets. Furthermore, the inputs presented for each valuation technique in the table are, in some cases, not applicable to every instrument valued using the technique as the characteristics of the instruments can differ.

(b)Comprises U.S. GSE and government agency securities of $488 million, nonagency securities of $5 million and non-trading loans of $368 million.

(c)Comprises nonagency securities of $18 million, trading loans of $65 million and non-trading loans of $1.3 billion.

(d)Comprises trading loans of $1.0 billion and non-trading loans of $707 million.

(e)Long-term debt, short-term borrowings and deposits include structured notes issued by the Firm that are financial instruments that typically contain embedded derivatives. The estimation of the fair value of structured notes includes the derivative features embedded within the instrument. The significant unobservable inputs are broadly consistent with those presented for derivative receivables.

(f)Includes equity securities of $734 million including $672 million in Other assets, for which quoted prices are not readily available and the fair value is generally based on internal valuation techniques such as EBITDA multiples and comparable analysis. All other level 3 assets and liabilities are insignificant both individually and in aggregate.

(g)Price is a significant unobservable input for certain instruments. When quoted market prices are not readily available, reliance is generally placed on price-based internal valuation techniques. The price input is expressed assuming a par value of $100.

(h)Forward equity price is expressed as a percentage of the current equity price.

(i)Amounts represent weighted averages except for derivative related inputs where arithmetic averages are used.

Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements

The following tables include a rollforward of the Consolidated balance sheets amounts (including changes in fair value) for financial instruments classified by the Firm within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. When a determination is made to classify a financial instrument within level 3, the determination is based on the significance of the unobservable inputs to the overall fair value measurement. However, level 3 financial instruments typically include, in addition to the unobservable or level 3 components, observable components (that is, components that are actively quoted and can be validated to external sources); accordingly, the gains and losses in the table below include changes in fair value due in part to observable factors that are part of the valuation methodology. The Firm risk-manages the observable components of level 3 financial instruments using securities and derivative positions that are classified within level 1 or 2 of the fair value hierarchy; as these level 1 and level 2 risk management instruments are not included below, the gains or losses in the following tables do not reflect the effect of the Firm’s risk management activities related to such level 3 instruments.


	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Fair value at Jan. 1, 2024		Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)											Transfers into level 3		Transfers (out of) level 3		Fair value at Dec. 31, 2024		Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at Dec. 31, 2024
						Purchases(g)		Sales				Settlements(h)
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—			$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	758		18			46		(260)				(81)		7		—		488		(3)
Residential – nonagency	5		7			—		(5)				(2)		4		(4)		5		—
Commercial – nonagency	12		(2)			—		—				—		—		—		10		(1)
Total mortgage-backed securities	775		23			46		(265)				(83)		11		(4)		503		(4)
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	10		—			—		—				(3)		—		(6)		1		—
Non-U.S. government debt securities	179		(6)			175		(183)				—		17		(30)		152		(10)
Corporate debt securities	484		36			459		(354)				(181)		13		(67)		390		45
Loans	684		63			800		(642)				(74)		839		(582)		1,088		29
Asset-backed securities	6		—			9		(5)				(8)		8		—		10		—
Total debt instruments	2,138		116			1,489		(1,449)				(349)		888		(689)		2,144		60
Equity securities	127		(21)			138		(123)				(1)		85		(143)		62		(308)
Physical commodities	7		17			3		—				(1)		—		—		26		16
Other	101		144			53		—				(68)		28		(48)		210		108
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments	2,373		256		(c)	1,683		(1,572)				(419)		1,001		(880)		2,442		(124)		(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate	502		745			387		(197)				(608)		(172)		(356)		301		(362)
Credit	265		(208)			(2)		(17)				(333)		(61)		(7)		(363)		(265)
Foreign exchange	62		248			178		(538)				(30)		128		(28)		20		353
Equity	(2,402)		(321)			904		(2,488)				953		(91)		579		(2,866)		783
Commodity	(279)		64			32		(215)				310		15		—		(73)		102
Total net derivative receivables	(1,852)		528		(c)	1,499		(3,455)				292		(181)		188		(2,981)		611		(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial – nonagency	—		—			—		—				—		8		—		8		—
Corporate debt securities	—		—			—		—				—		—		—		—		—
Total available-for-sale securities	—		—		(d)	—		—				—		8		—		8		—		(d)
Loans	3,079		266		(c)	431		(756)				(993)		816		(427)		2,416		251		(c)
Mortgage servicing rights	8,522		762		(e)	926		(21)				(1,068)		—		—		9,121		762		(e)
Other assets	758		105		(c)	623		(62)				(58)		5		(27)		1,344		88		(c)

	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Fair value at Jan. 1, 2024		Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses													Transfers (out of) level 3		Fair value at Dec. 31, 2024		Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at Dec. 31, 2024
						Purchases		Sales		Issuances		Settlements(h)		Transfers into level 3
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits	$	1,833	$	(14)	(c)(f)	$	—	$	—	$	2,006	$	(1,522)	$	34	$	(152)	$	2,185	$	(44)	(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings	1,758		180		(c)(f)	—		—		7,752		(6,230)		23		(7)		3,476		58		(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments	37		(47)		(c)	(45)		70		—		—		48		(17)		46		18		(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	52		(6)		(c)	(35)		63		—		—		5		(3)		76		(6)		(c)
Long-term debt	27,726		1,475		(c)(f)	—		—		23,920		(18,432)		738		(863)		34,564		1,212		(c)(f)


	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Year ended December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Fair value at Jan. 1, 2023		Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)													Transfers (out of) level 3				Fair value at Dec. 31, 2023			Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at Dec. 31, 2023
						Purchases(g)	Sales						Settlements(h)	Transfers into level 3
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—				$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	759			4			249		(133)					(107)		—		(14)			758			1
Residential – nonagency	5			6			—		(6)					(1)		1		—			5			1
Commercial – nonagency	7			6			—		—					(1)		8		(8)			12			7
Total mortgage-backed securities	771			16			249		(139)					(109)		9		(22)			775			9
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	7			—			1		—					(1)		3		—			10			—
Non-U.S. government debt securities	155			74			217		(254)					—		22		(35)			179			74
Corporate debt securities	463			36			322		(172)					(41)		114		(238)			484			35
Loans	759			(15)			1,027		(499)					(441)		382		(529)			684			30
Asset-backed securities	23			—			7		(12)					(1)		5		(16)			6			—
Total debt instruments	2,178			111			1,823		(1,076)					(593)		535		(840)			2,138			148
Equity securities	665			(53)			164		(239)					(384)		192		(218)			127			(422)
Physical commodities	2			—			7		—					(2)		—		—			7			—
Other	64			(58)			141		—					(5)		1		(42)			101			(28)
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments	2,909			—			2,135		(1,315)					(984)		728		(1,100)			2,373			(302)		(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate	701			556			251		(255)					654		(1,117)		(288)			502			419
Credit	13			304			(60)		(25)					47		15		(29)			265			230
Foreign exchange	489			31			151		(144)					(187)		144		(422)			62			(80)
Equity	(384)			191			928		(1,931)					(1,306)		700		(600)			(2,402)			(646)
Commodity	(146)			(59)			59		(290)					(51)		(11)		219			(279)			(144)
Total net derivative receivables	673			1,023		(c)	1,329		(2,645)					(843)		(269)		(1,120)			(1,852)			(221)		(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial – nonagency	—			—			—		—					—		—		—			—			—
Corporate debt securities	239			24			—		(225)					—		—		(38)			—			—
Total available-for-sale securities	239			24		(d)	—		(225)					—		—		(38)			—			—		(d)
Loans	1,418			289		(c)	2,398		(120)					(1,147)		1,306		(1,065)			3,079			293		(c)
Mortgage servicing rights	7,973			467		(e)	1,281		(188)					(1,011)		—		—			8,522			467		(e)
Other assets	405			(36)		(c)	525		(20)					(147)		45		(14)			758			(82)		(c)

	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Year ended December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Fair value at Jan. 1, 2023			Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses														Transfers (out of) level 3			Fair value at Dec. 31, 2023			Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at Dec. 31, 2023
			Purchases				Sales		Issuances				Settlements(h)	Transfers into level 3
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits	$	2,162		$	95	(c)(f)	$	—	$	—	$	940		$	(1,043)	$	—	$	(321)		$	1,833		$	73	(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings	1,401			201		(c)(f)	—		—		4,522			(4,345)		3		(24)			1,758			14		(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments	84			(21)		(c)	(32)		9		—			(2)		19		(20)			37			—
Accounts payable and other liabilities	53			(4)		(c)	(16)		24		—			—		8		(13)			52			(4)		(c)
Long-term debt	24,092			3,010		(c)(f)	—		—		12,679			(11,555)		229		(729)			27,726			2,870		(c)(f)


	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Year ended December 31, 2022 (in millions)	Fair value at Jan. 1, 2022		Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)													Transfers (out of) level 3		Fair value at Dec. 31, 2022		Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at Dec. 31, 2022
						Purchases(g)		Sales				Settlements(h)		Transfers into level 3
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	—	$	—		$	1	$	(1)			$	(1)	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	265		31			673		(125)				(84)		4		(5)		759		29
Residential – nonagency	28		(1)			7		(5)				(12)		—		(12)		5		—
Commercial – nonagency	10		—			—		(1)				—		3		(5)		7		—
Total mortgage-backed securities	303		30			680		(131)				(96)		7		(22)		771		29
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	7		—			—		—				—		—		—		7		—
Non-U.S. government debt securities	81		(92)			494		(338)				(4)		84		(70)		155		(153)
Corporate debt securities	332		(30)			404		(178)				(100)		357		(322)		463		(48)
Loans	708		(51)			652		(605)				(230)		925		(640)		759		(26)
Asset-backed securities	26		5			19		(24)				(1)		5		(7)		23		1
Total debt instruments	1,457		(138)			2,249		(1,276)				(431)		1,378		(1,061)		2,178		(197)
Equity securities	662		(1,036)			473		(377)				(2)		1,066		(121)		665		(840)
Physical commodities	—		(1)			3		—				—		—		—		2		(1)
Other	160		93			37		—				(221)		1		(6)		64		46
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments	2,279		(1,082)		(c)	2,762		(1,653)				(654)		2,445		(1,188)		2,909		(992)		(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate	(16)		187			325		(483)				329		732		(373)		701		332
Credit	74		226			17		(9)				(271)		5		(29)		13		170
Foreign exchange	(419)		726			215		(114)				83		3		(5)		489		459
Equity	(3,626)		5,016			1,226		(2,530)				96		(656)		90		(384)		3,435
Commodity	(907)		571			110		(331)				350		5		56		(146)		369
Total net derivative receivables	(4,894)		6,726		(c)	1,893		(3,467)				587		89		(261)		673		4,765		(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial – nonagency	—		—			—		—				—		—		—		—		—
Corporate debt securities	161		5			88		—				(15)		—		—		239		5
Total available-for-sale securities	161		5		(d)	88		—				(15)		—		—		239		5		(d)
Loans	1,933		(158)		(c)	568		(261)				(886)		1,053		(831)		1,418		(76)		(c)
Mortgage servicing rights	5,494		2,039		(e)	2,198		(822)				(936)		—		—		7,973		2,039		(e)
Other assets	306		194		(c)	50		(38)				(103)		2		(6)		405		191		(c)

	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Year ended December 31, 2022 (in millions)	Fair value at Jan. 1, 2022		Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses											Transfers into level 3		Transfers (out of) level 3		Fair value at Dec. 31, 2022		Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at Dec. 31, 2022
						Purchases		Sales		Issuances		Settlements(h)
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits	$	2,317	$	(292)	(c)(f)	$	—	$	—	$	531	$	(114)	$	—	$	(280)	$	2,162	$	(76)	(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings	2,481		(358)		(c)(f)	—		—		3,963		(4,685)		15		(15)		1,401		90		(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments	30		(31)		(c)	(41)		77		—		—		57		(8)		84		101		(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	69		(16)		(c)	(37)		42		—		—		1		(6)		53		(16)		(c)
Long-term debt	24,374		(3,869)		(c)(f)	—		—		12,714		(8,876)		793		(1,044)		24,092		(3,447)		(c)(f)

(a)Level 3 assets at fair value as a percentage of total Firm assets at fair value (including assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 2% at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. Level 3 liabilities at fair value as a percentage of total Firm liabilities at fair value (including liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis) were 9% at December 31, 2024, and 8% at both December 31, 2023 and 2022.

(b)All level 3 derivatives are presented on a net basis, irrespective of the underlying counterparty.

(c)Primarily reported in principal transactions revenue, except for changes in fair value for CCB mortgage loans and lending-related commitments originated with the intent to sell, and mortgage loan purchase commitments, which are reported in mortgage fees and related income.

(d)Realized gains/(losses) on AFS securities are reported in investment securities gains/(losses). Unrealized gains/(losses) are reported in OCI. Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) recorded on level 3 AFS securities were not material for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

(e)Changes in fair value for MSRs are reported in mortgage fees and related income.

(f)Realized (gains)/losses due to DVA for fair value option elected liabilities are reported in principal transactions revenue, and were not material for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. Unrealized (gains)/losses are reported in OCI, and were $(50) million, $(158) million and $(529) million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(g)Loan originations are included in purchases.

(h)Includes financial assets and liabilities that have matured, been partially or fully repaid, impacts of modifications, deconsolidations associated with beneficial interests in VIEs and other items.

Impact of credit adjustments on earnings

The following table provides the impact of credit and funding adjustments on principal transactions revenue in the respective periods, excluding the effect of any associated hedging activities. The FVA presented below includes the impact of the Firm’s own credit quality on the inception value of liabilities as well as the impact of changes in the Firm’s own credit quality over time.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Credit and funding adjustments:
Derivatives CVA	$	29	$	221	$	22
Derivatives FVA	99		114		42

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis

The following tables present the assets held as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, for which nonrecurring fair value adjustments were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, by major product category and fair value hierarchy. There were no liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at both December 31, 2024 and 2023.


December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Fair value hierarchy						Total fair value
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Loans	$	—	$	738	$	694	$	1,432
Other assets(a)	—		9		1,048		1,057
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	$	—	$	747	$	1,742	$	2,489


December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Fair value hierarchy						Total fair value
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Loans	$	—	$	599	$	1,156	$	1,755
Other assets	—		52		1,334		1,386
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	$	—	$	651	$	2,490	$	3,141

(a) Included equity securities without readily determinable fair values that were adjusted based on observable price changes in orderly transactions from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer (measurement alternative). Of the $1.0 billion in level 3 assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of December 31, 2024, $668 million related to equity securities adjusted based on the measurement alternative. These equity securities are classified as level 3 due to the infrequency of the observable prices and/or the restrictions on the shares. Also, included impairments on certain equity method investments.

The following table presents the total change in value of assets and liabilities for which fair value adjustments have been recognized for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, related to assets and liabilities held at those dates.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Loans	$	(302)	$	(276)	$	(55)
Other assets(a)	(610)		(789)		(409)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	—		—		(83)
Total nonrecurring fair value gains/(losses)	$	(912)	$	(1,065)	$	(547)

(a)Included $(197) million, $(232) million and $(338) million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, of net gains/(losses) as a result of the measurement alternative. The current period also included impairments on certain equity method investments.

Carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values

The following table presents the carrying value of equity securities without readily determinable fair values held as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, that are measured under the measurement alternative and the related adjustments recorded during the periods presented for those securities with observable price changes. These securities are included in the nonrecurring fair value tables when applicable price changes are observable.


As of or for the year ended December 31,
(in millions)	2024		2023
Other assets
Carrying value(a)	$	3,737	$	4,457
Upward carrying value changes(b)	89		93
Downward carrying value changes/impairment(c)	(286)		(325)

(a)The period-end carrying values reflect cumulative purchases and sales in addition to upward and downward carrying value changes.

(b)The cumulative upward carrying value changes between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2024 were $1.1 billion.

(c)The cumulative downward carrying value changes/impairment between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2024 were $(1.5) billion.

Carrying value and estimated fair value of financial assets and liabilities

The following table presents, by fair value hierarchy classification, the carrying values and estimated fair values at December 31, 2024 and 2023, of financial assets and liabilities, excluding financial instruments that are carried at fair value on a recurring basis, and their classification within the fair value hierarchy.


	December 31, 2024										December 31, 2023
			Estimated fair value hierarchy										Estimated fair value hierarchy
(in billions)	Carrying value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total estimated fair value		Carrying value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total estimated fair value
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks	$	23.4	$	23.4	$	—	$	—	$	23.4	$	29.1	$	29.1	$	—	$	—	$	29.1
Deposits with banks	445.9		445.8		0.1		—		445.9		595.1		594.6		0.5		—		595.1
Accrued interest and accounts receivable	101.1		—		101.0		0.1		101.1		107.1		—		107.0		0.1		107.1
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	8.2		—		8.2		—		8.2		16.3		—		16.3		—		16.3
Securities borrowed	135.6		—		135.6		—		135.6		130.3		—		130.3		—		130.3
Investment securities, held-to-maturity	274.5		97.4		150.5		—		247.9		369.8		160.6		182.2		—		342.8
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses(a)	1,282.3		—		268.7		1,007.8		1,276.5		1,262.5		—		285.6		964.6		1,250.2
Other	82.7		—		81.3		1.6		82.9		76.1		—		74.9		1.4		76.3
Financial liabilities
Deposits	$	2,372.3	$	—	$	2,372.5	$	—	$	2,372.5	$	2,322.3	$	—	$	2,322.6	$	—	$	2,322.6
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	70.5		—		70.5		—		70.5		47.5		—		47.5		—		47.5
Short-term borrowings	26.4		—		26.3		—		26.3		24.7		—		24.7		—		24.7
Accounts payable and other liabilities(b)	232.8		—		219.6		12.6		232.2		241.8		—		233.3		8.1		241.4
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	27.3		—		27.4		—		27.4		23.0		—		23.0		—		23.0
Long-term debt	300.6		—		251.2		50.7		301.9		303.9		—		252.2		51.3		303.5

(a)Fair value is typically estimated using a discounted cash flow model that incorporates the characteristics of the underlying loans (including principal, contractual interest rate and contractual fees) and other key inputs, including expected lifetime credit losses, interest rates, prepayment rates, and primary origination or secondary market spreads. For certain loans, the fair value is measured based on the value of the underlying collateral. Carrying value of the loan takes into account the loan’s allowance for loan losses, which represents the loan’s expected credit losses over its remaining expected life. The difference between the estimated fair value and carrying value of a loan is generally attributable to changes in market interest rates, including credit spreads, market liquidity premiums and other factors that affect the fair value of a loan but do not affect its carrying value.

(b)Excludes lending-related commitments disclosed in the table below.

The carrying value and estimated fair value of wholesale lending- related commitments

The majority of the Firm’s lending-related commitments are not carried at fair value on a recurring basis on the Consolidated balance sheets. The carrying value and the estimated fair value of these wholesale lending-related commitments were as follows for the periods indicated.


	December 31, 2024										December 31, 2023
			Estimated fair value hierarchy										Estimated fair value hierarchy
(in billions)	Carrying value(a)(b)(c)		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total estimated fair value		Carrying value(a)(b)(c)		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total estimated fair value
Wholesale lending-related commitments	$	2.7	$	—	$	—	$	4.4	$	4.4	$	3.0	$	—	$	—	$	4.8	$	4.8

(a)Excludes the current carrying values of the guarantee liability and the offsetting asset, each of which is recognized at fair value at the inception of the guarantees.

(b)Includes the wholesale allowance for lending-related commitments.

(c)As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, included fair value adjustments associated with First Republic for other unfunded commitments to extend credit totaling $699 million and $1.1 billion, respectively, recorded in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets. Refer to Notes 28 and 34 for additional information.

Variable Interest Entities - Loans Sold to Third-Party Sponsored Securitization Entities (Details) - Nonconsolidated entities - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Summary of loan sale activities [Abstract]
Carrying value of loans sold	$ 25,765	$ 19,906	$ 48,891
Proceeds received from loan sales as cash	2,380	300	22
Proceeds from loan sales as securities	23,178	19,389	48,096
Total proceeds received from loan sales	25,558	19,689	48,118
Gains/(losses) on loan sales	$ 0	$ 0	$ (25)

Restricted Cash, Other Restricted Assets and Intercompany Funds Transfers (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Components of restricted cash

The following table presents the components of the Firm’s restricted cash:


December 31, (in billions)	2024		2023
Segregated for the benefit of securities and cleared derivative customers	18.7		10.3
Cash reserves at non-U.S. central banks and held for other general purposes	8.8		9.3
Total restricted cash(a)	$	27.5	$	19.6

(a)Comprises $26.1 billion and $18.2 billion in deposits with banks, and $1.4 billion and $1.4 billion in cash and due from banks on the Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Earnings Per Share (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of earnings per share basic and diluted

The following table presents the calculation of net income applicable to common stockholders and basic and diluted EPS for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.


Year ended December 31, (in millions, except per share amounts)	2024		2023		2022
Basic earnings per share
Net income	$	58,471	$	49,552	$	37,676
Less: Preferred stock dividends	1,259		1,501		1,595
Net income applicable to common equity	57,212		48,051		36,081
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	344		291		189
Net income applicable to common stockholders	$	56,868	$	47,760	$	35,892

Total weighted-average basic shares outstanding	2,873.9		2,938.6		2,965.8
Net income per share	$	19.79	$	16.25	$	12.10

Diluted earnings per share
Net income applicable to common stockholders	$	56,868	$	47,760	$	35,892

Total weighted-average basic shares outstanding	2,873.9		2,938.6		2,965.8
Add: Dilutive impact of unvested PSUs, nondividend-earning RSUs and SARs	5.1		4.5		4.2
Total weighted-average diluted shares outstanding	2,879.0		2,943.1		2,970.0
Net income per share	$	19.75	$	16.23	$	12.09

International Operations (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]

$ 177,556

$ 158,104

$ 128,695

102,475

96,492

82,529

75,081

61,612

46,166

58,471

49,552

37,676

Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]

4,002,814

^[1]

3,875,393

^[1]

3,665,743

Total international

38,233

34,873

31,968

21,660

20,468

20,214

16,573

14,405

11,754

11,840

10,105

8,433

Europe/Middle East/Africa

922,468

863,926

918,582

Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]

22,353

20,974

18,765

12,843

11,947

11,754

9,510

9,027

7,011

6,713

6,402

5,158

Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]

552,407

529,335

558,430

U.K.

Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]

369,000

352,000

357,000

Asia-Pacific

11,995

10,605

10,025

6,922

6,550

6,763

5,073

4,055

3,262

3,615

2,709

2,119

Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]

296,430

251,588

281,479

Latin America/Caribbean

3,885

3,294

3,178

1,895

1,971

1,697

1,990

1,323

1,481

1,512

994

1,156

Revenues from External Customers and Long-Lived Assets [Line Items]

73,631

83,003

78,673

North America

139,323

123,231

96,727

80,815

76,024

62,315

58,508

47,207

34,412

46,631

39,447

29,243

$ 3,080,346

$ 3,011,467

$ 2,747,161

[1]

The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The assets of the consolidated VIEs are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The holders of the beneficial interests do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorganChase. The assets and liabilities in the table below include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation. Refer to Note 14 for a further discussion.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Assets
Trading assets	$	3,885	$	2,170
Loans	36,510		37,611
All other assets	681		591
Total assets	$	41,076	$	40,372
Liabilities
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	$	27,323	$	23,020
All other liabilities	454		263
Total liabilities	$	27,777	$	23,283

Noninterest Revenue and Noninterest Expense - Other Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Non interest Revenue [Line Items]
Operating lease income	$ 2,795	$ 2,843	$ 3,654
Losses on tax-oriented investments	(97)	(1,538)	(1,491)
Gain on Visa shares	7,990	0	914
Estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition	103	2,775	0
Gain related to the acquisition of CIFM	$ 0	$ 339	$ 0
Business Combination, Bargain Purchase, Gain, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income	Other income
CIFM
Schedule of Non interest Revenue [Line Items]
Percentage interest acquired		51.00%

Business Combinations - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions				3 Months Ended	8 Months Ended		12 Months Ended			20 Months Ended
Business Combinations - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Jan. 31, 2025 USD ($)	May 09, 2023 USD ($)	May 01, 2023 USD ($) agreement	Mar. 31, 2025 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Mar. 16, 2023 USD ($)
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Bargain purchase gain							$ 103	$ 2,775	$ 0
Other income							12,462	5,609	4,322
Deposits with banks					$ 595,085	$ 595,085	445,945	595,085		$ 445,945
Provision for credit losses							10,678	$ 9,320	$ 6,389
First Republic
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Deposits with banks											$ 5,000
First Republic \| Consortium of large U.S. banks
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Deposits with banks											$ 30,000
First Republic
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Bargain purchase gain			$ 2,700		2,800	$ 63	$ 103			2,878
Number of shared-loss agreements \| agreement			2
Provision for credit losses					$ 1,200
First Republic \| Subsequent Event
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash paid related to acquisition	$ 609
First Republic \| Subsequent Event \| Forecast
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Other income				$ 600
First Republic \| Core deposits
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired										$ 1,300
Estimated period of future cash flows										7 years
First Republic \| Customer relationships
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Intangible assets acquired										$ 180
Estimated period of future cash flows										7 years
First Republic \| Consortium of large U.S. banks
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Deposits repaid		$ 25,000
First Republic \| Purchase Money Note
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Term of FDIC Purchase Money Note			5 years
Face amount of notes			$ 50,000
Fixed rate of FDCI Purchase Money Note			3.40%
First Republic \| Commercial loans and other real estate
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of credit losses covered under shared-loss agreement			80.00%
Term of shared-loss agreement			5 years
Recover period for shared-loss agreement			3 years
First Republic \| Secured by mortgages on real property or cooperative shares that are a primary residence
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage of credit losses covered under shared-loss agreement			80.00%
Term of shared-loss agreement			7 years

Parent Company - Balance Sheets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions

Dec. 31, 2024

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Assets

Cash and due from banks

$ 23,372

$ 29,066

637,784

540,607

Other assets

178,197

159,308

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

4,002,814

^[1]

3,875,393

^[1]

$ 3,665,743

Short-term borrowings

52,893

44,712

Total stockholders’ equity

^[1]

3,658,056

3,547,515

344,758

327,878

$ 292,332

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

4,002,814

3,875,393

JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Assets

Cash and due from banks

Deposits with banking subsidiaries

9,762

9,804

43,214

3,198

Other assets

12,097

8,962

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

669,614

591,696

Borrowings from, and payables to, subsidiaries and affiliates

72,881

22,777

Short-term borrowings

999

Other liabilities

12,349

11,500

Long-term debt

239,626

228,542

Total stockholders’ equity

324,856

263,818

344,758

327,878

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

669,614

591,696

Bank and bank holding company | JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Assets

Advances to, and receivables from, subsidiaries

142

152

Investments (at equity) in subsidiaries and affiliates

603,044

568,472

Non-bank | JPMorgan Chase & Co.

Assets

Advances to, and receivables from, subsidiaries

Investments (at equity) in subsidiaries and affiliates

$ 1,238

$ 1,045

[1]


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Assets
Trading assets	$	3,885	$	2,170
Loans	36,510		37,611
All other assets	681		591
Total assets	$	41,076	$	40,372
Liabilities
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	$	27,323	$	23,020
All other liabilities	454		263
Total liabilities	$	27,777	$	23,283

Deposits - Noninterest and Interest-bearing (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included $28,904 and $75,393 at fair value)	$ 592,500	$ 643,748
Interest-bearing (included $1,101 and $573 at fair value)	1,345,914	1,303,100
Total deposits in U.S. offices	1,938,414	1,946,848
Non-U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included $2,255 and $1,737 at fair value)	26,806	23,097
Interest-bearing (included $1,508 and $681 at fair value)	440,812	430,743
Total deposits in non-U.S. offices	467,618	453,840
Total deposits	2,406,032	2,400,688
Fair value
U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included $28,904 and $75,393 at fair value)	28,904	75,393
Interest-bearing, fair value	1,101	573
Non-U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included $2,255 and $1,737 at fair value)	2,255	1,737
Interest-bearing, fair value	$ 1,508	$ 681

Leases (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Schedule of information related to operating leases

The carrying values of the Firm’s operating leases were as follows:


December 31, (in millions, except where otherwise noted)
	2024			2023
Right-of-use assets	$	8,494		$	8,431
Lease liabilities	8,900			8,833

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	8.3			8.4
Weighted average discount rate	4.24		%	4.01		%

Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities - operating cash flows	$	1,734		$	1,662
Supplemental non-cash information
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	1,565		$	2,094


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Rental expense
Gross rental expense	$	2,231	$	2,079
Sublease rental income	(41)		(72)
Net rental expense	$	2,190	$	2,007

Schedule of future payments under operating leases

The following table presents future payments under operating leases as of December 31, 2024.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)
2025	1,709
2026	1,553
2027	1,412
2028	1,248
2029	1,048
After 2029	3,721
Total future minimum lease payments	10,691
Less: Imputed interest	(1,791)
Total	$	8,900

Schedule of carrying value of assets subject to leases

The following table presents the carrying value of assets subject to leases reported on the Consolidated balance sheets.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Carrying value of assets subject to operating leases, net of accumulated depreciation	$	12,988	$	10,663
Accumulated depreciation	2,509		3,288

Schedule of operating lease income and related depreciation expense

The following table presents the Firm’s operating lease income and the related depreciation expense on the Consolidated statements of income.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Operating lease income	$	2,795	$	2,843	$	3,654
Depreciation expense	1,685		1,778		2,475

Schedule of future receipts under operating leases

The following table presents future receipts under operating leases as of December 31, 2024.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)
2025	$	2,381
2026	1,707
2027	704
2028	47
2029	5
After 2029	4
Total future minimum lease receipts	$	4,848

Business Segments & Corporate - Narrative (Details) $ in Trillions	6 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) segment
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Number of reportable business segments \| segment	3
Asset & Wealth Management
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Client assets \| $	$ 5.9

Derivative Instruments - Impact on Statements of Income, Fair Value Hedges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Derivatives	$ 827	$ 3,503	$ (15,563)
Hedged items	177	(2,437)	15,400
Income statement impact	1,004	1,066	(163)
Income statement impact of excluded components
Amortization approach	(532)	(601)	(528)
Changes in fair value	1,046	921	(108)
OCI impact
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI	(115)	(134)	130
Interest rate
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Derivatives	711	1,554	(14,352)
Hedged items	(65)	(1,248)	14,047
Income statement impact	646	306	(305)
Income statement impact of excluded components
Amortization approach	0	0	0
Changes in fair value	699	157	(262)
OCI impact
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI	0	0	0
Foreign exchange
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Derivatives	(177)	722	(1,317)
Hedged items	402	(483)	1,423
Income statement impact	225	239	106
Income statement impact of excluded components
Amortization approach	(532)	(601)	(528)
Changes in fair value	225	239	106
OCI impact
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI	(115)	(134)	130
Commodity
Gains/(losses) recorded in income
Derivatives	293	1,227	106
Hedged items	(160)	(706)	(70)
Income statement impact	133	521	36
Income statement impact of excluded components
Amortization approach	0	0	0
Changes in fair value	122	525	48
OCI impact
Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI	$ 0	$ 0	$ 0

Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Basic earnings per share
Net income	$ 58,471	$ 49,552	$ 37,676
Less: Preferred stock dividends	1,259	1,501	1,595
Net income applicable to common equity	57,212	48,051	36,081
Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities	344	291	189
Net income applicable to common stockholders	$ 56,868	$ 47,760	$ 35,892
Total weighted-average basic shares outstanding (in shares)	2,873.9	2,938.6	2,965.8
Net income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 19.79	$ 16.25	$ 12.10
Diluted earnings per share
Net income applicable to common stockholders	$ 56,868	$ 47,760	$ 35,892
Total weighted-average basic shares outstanding (in shares)	2,873.9	2,938.6	2,965.8
Add: Dilutive impact of unvested PSUs, nondividend-earning RSUs and SARs (in shares)	5.1	4.5	4.2
Total weighted-average diluted shares outstanding (in shares)	2,879.0	2,943.1	2,970.0
Net income per share (in dollars per share)	$ 19.75	$ 16.23	$ 12.09

International Operations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Segments, Geographical Areas [Abstract]

International Operations

International operations

The following table presents income statement and balance sheet-related information for JPMorganChase by major international geographic area. The Firm defines international activities for purposes of this footnote presentation as business transactions that involve clients residing outside of the U.S., and the information presented below is based predominantly on the domicile of the client, the location from which the client relationship is managed, booking location or the location of the trading desk. However, many of the Firm’s U.S. operations serve international businesses.

As the Firm’s operations are highly integrated, estimates and subjective assumptions have been made to apportion revenue and expense between U.S. and international operations. These estimates and assumptions are consistent with the allocations used for the Firm’s segment reporting as set forth in Note 32.

The Firm’s long-lived assets for the periods presented are not considered by management to be significant in relation to total assets. The majority of the Firm’s long-lived assets are located in the U.S.


As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions)	Revenue(b)		Expense(c)		Income before income tax expense		Net income		Total assets
2024
Europe/Middle East/Africa	$	22,353	$	12,843	$	9,510	$	6,713	$	552,407	(d)
Asia-Pacific	11,995		6,922		5,073		3,615		296,430
Latin America/Caribbean	3,885		1,895		1,990		1,512		73,631
Total international	38,233		21,660		16,573		11,840		922,468
North America(a)	139,323		80,815		58,508		46,631		3,080,346
Total	$	177,556	$	102,475	$	75,081	$	58,471	$	4,002,814

2023
Europe/Middle East/Africa	$	20,974	$	11,947	$	9,027	$	6,402	$	529,335	(d)
Asia-Pacific	10,605		6,550		4,055		2,709		251,588
Latin America/Caribbean	3,294		1,971		1,323		994		83,003
Total international	34,873		20,468		14,405		10,105		863,926
North America(a)	123,231		76,024		47,207		39,447		3,011,467
Total	$	158,104	$	96,492	$	61,612	$	49,552	$	3,875,393

2022
Europe/Middle East/Africa	$	18,765	$	11,754	$	7,011	$	5,158	$	558,430	(d)
Asia-Pacific	10,025		6,763		3,262		2,119		281,479
Latin America/Caribbean	3,178		1,697		1,481		1,156		78,673
Total international	31,968		20,214		11,754		8,433		918,582
North America(a)	96,727		62,315		34,412		29,243		2,747,161
Total	$	128,695	$	82,529	$	46,166	$	37,676	$	3,665,743

(a)Substantially reflects the U.S.

(b)Revenue is composed of net interest income and noninterest revenue.

(c)Expense is composed of noninterest expense and the provision for credit losses.

(d)Total assets for the U.K. were approximately $369 billion, $352 billion and $357 billion at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Securities Financing Activities - Transfers Not Qualifying for Sale Accounting (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Securities Financing Transactions Disclosures [Abstract]
Transfers not qualifying for sale accounting	$ 805	$ 505

Employee Share-Based Incentives - Employee Share-Based Awards (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Long-Term Incentive Plan
Employee stock-based awards general disclosures
Shares of common stock available for issuance (in shares)	81,000,000
PSUs
Employee stock-based awards general disclosures
Award vesting period	3 years
PSUs \| Minimum
Employee stock-based awards general disclosures
Award vesting percentage	0.00%
Combined vesting and holding period	5 years
PSUs \| Maximum
Employee stock-based awards general disclosures
Award vesting percentage	150.00%
Combined vesting and holding period	8 years
SARs
Employee stock-based awards general disclosures
Award expiration period	10 years
Awards granted (in shares)	0	0	0
1st 50% \| RSUs
Employee stock-based awards general disclosures
Award vesting percentage	50.00%
Award vesting period	2 years
2nd 50% \| RSUs
Employee stock-based awards general disclosures
Award vesting percentage	50.00%
Award vesting period	3 years

Pledged Assets and Collateral - Components of Pledged Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions

Dec. 31, 2024

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]

Investment securities

$ 681,320

$ 571,552

1,347,988

1,323,706

Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]

4,002,814

^[1]

3,875,393

^[1]

$ 3,665,743

Asset pledged

Investment securities

89,600

108,600

740,900

681,700

Trading assets and other

343,900

274,500

$ 1,174,400

$ 1,064,800

[1]


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Assets
Trading assets	$	3,885	$	2,170
Loans	36,510		37,611
All other assets	681		591
Total assets	$	41,076	$	40,372
Liabilities
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	$	27,323	$	23,020
All other liabilities	454		263
Total liabilities	$	27,777	$	23,283

Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit.

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Allowance for Credit Losses

Allowance for Credit Losses - Summary (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance	$ 22,420	$ 19,726	$ 16,386
Gross charge-offs	10,519	7,653	4,326
Gross recoveries collected	(1,881)	(1,444)	(1,473)
Net charge-offs	8,638	6,209	2,853
Provision for loan losses	10,494	9,468	6,189
Other	69	22	4
Ending balance	24,345	22,420	19,726
Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance	1,974	2,382	2,261
Provision for lending-related commitments	128	(408)	120
Other	(1)	0	1
Ending balance	2,101	1,974	2,382
Total allowance for investment securities	152	128	96
Total allowance for credit losses	26,598	24,522	22,204
Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	(202)	(484)	66
Portfolio-based	24,547	22,904	19,660
Total allowance for loan losses	24,345	22,420	19,726
Loans by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	6,717	5,625	14,963
Portfolio-based	1,292,873	1,275,245	1,074,635
Total retained loans	1,299,590	1,280,870	1,089,598
Collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs	8,638	6,209	2,853
Allowance for lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	109	89	90
Portfolio-based	1,992	1,885	2,292
Total allowance for lending-related commitments	2,101	1,974	2,382
Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	737	464	455
Portfolio-based	535,881	544,825	482,111
Total lending-related commitments	536,618	545,289	482,566
CIB
Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Allowance for credit losses associated with accounts receivable	268	243	21
Collateral-dependent loans
Allowance for loan losses
Net charge-offs	325	186	(17)
Collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs	325	186	(17)
Loans measured at fair value of collateral less cost to sell	4,530	4,228	4,049
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles \| Accounting Standards Update 2022-02
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance		(587)
Ending balance			(587)
Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Total allowance for loan losses			(587)
Consumer, excluding credit card
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance	1,856	2,040	1,765
Gross charge-offs	1,299	1,151	812
Gross recoveries collected	(625)	(519)	(543)
Net charge-offs	674	632	269
Provision for loan losses	624	936	543
Other	1	1	1
Ending balance	1,807	1,856	2,040
Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance	75	76	113
Provision for lending-related commitments	7	(1)	(37)
Other	0	0	0
Ending balance	82	75	76
Total allowance for credit losses	1,889	1,931	2,116
Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	(728)	(876)	(624)
Portfolio-based	2,535	2,732	2,664
Total allowance for loan losses	1,807	1,856	2,040
Loans by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	2,805	3,287	11,978
Portfolio-based	373,529	393,988	288,775
Total retained loans	376,334	397,275	300,753
Collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs	674	632	269
Allowance for lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	0	0	0
Portfolio-based	82	75	76
Total allowance for lending-related commitments	82	75	76
Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	0	0	0
Portfolio-based	25,608	28,248	20,423
Total lending-related commitments	25,608	28,248	20,423
Credit card lending-related commitments not permitted to have an allowance for credit losses	19,200	17,200	13,100
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Collateral-dependent loans
Allowance for loan losses
Net charge-offs	1	6	(33)
Collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs	1	6	(33)
Loans measured at fair value of collateral less cost to sell	2,696	3,216	3,585
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles \| Accounting Standards Update 2022-02
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance		(489)
Ending balance			(489)
Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Total allowance for loan losses			(489)
Credit card
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance	12,450	11,200	10,250
Gross charge-offs	8,198	5,491	3,192
Gross recoveries collected	(1,056)	(793)	(789)
Net charge-offs	7,142	4,698	2,403
Provision for loan losses	9,292	6,048	3,353
Other	0	0	0
Ending balance	14,600	12,450	11,200
Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance	0	0	0
Provision for lending-related commitments	0	0	0
Other	0	0	0
Ending balance	0	0	0
Total allowance for credit losses	14,600	12,450	11,200
Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	0	0	223
Portfolio-based	14,600	12,450	10,977
Total allowance for loan losses	14,600	12,450	11,200
Loans by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	0	0	796
Portfolio-based	232,860	211,123	184,379
Total retained loans	232,860	211,123	185,175
Collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs	7,142	4,698	2,403
Allowance for lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	0	0	0
Portfolio-based	0	0	0
Total allowance for lending-related commitments	0	0	0
Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	0	0	0
Portfolio-based	19	0	0
Total lending-related commitments	19	0	0
Credit card lending-related commitments not permitted to have an allowance for credit losses	1,000,000	915,700	821,300
Credit card \| Collateral-dependent loans
Allowance for loan losses
Net charge-offs	0	0	0
Collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs	0	0	0
Loans measured at fair value of collateral less cost to sell	0	0	0
Credit card \| Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles \| Accounting Standards Update 2022-02
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance		(100)
Ending balance			(100)
Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Total allowance for loan losses			(100)
Wholesale
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance	8,114	6,486	4,371
Gross charge-offs	1,022	1,011	322
Gross recoveries collected	(200)	(132)	(141)
Net charge-offs	822	879	181
Provision for loan losses	578	2,484	2,293
Other	68	21	3
Ending balance	7,938	8,114	6,486
Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance	1,899	2,306	2,148
Provision for lending-related commitments	121	(407)	157
Other	(1)	0	1
Ending balance	2,019	1,899	2,306
Total allowance for credit losses	9,957	10,013	8,792
Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	526	392	467
Portfolio-based	7,412	7,722	6,019
Total allowance for loan losses	7,938	8,114	6,486
Loans by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	3,912	2,338	2,189
Portfolio-based	686,484	670,134	601,481
Total retained loans	690,396	672,472	603,670
Collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs	822	879	181
Allowance for lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	109	89	90
Portfolio-based	1,910	1,810	2,216
Total allowance for lending-related commitments	2,019	1,899	2,306
Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	737	464	455
Portfolio-based	510,254	516,577	461,688
Total lending-related commitments	510,991	517,041	462,143
Credit card lending-related commitments not permitted to have an allowance for credit losses	20,500	19,700	9,800
Wholesale \| Collateral-dependent loans
Allowance for loan losses
Net charge-offs	324	180	16
Collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs	324	180	16
Loans measured at fair value of collateral less cost to sell	$ 1,834	1,012	464
Wholesale \| Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles \| Accounting Standards Update 2022-02
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance		$ 2
Ending balance			2
Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Total allowance for loan losses			$ 2

Off-balance Sheet Lending-related Financial Instruments, Guarantees, and Other Commitments - Other Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
JPMorgan Chase Financial Company LLC
Other off-balance sheet arrangements - supplemental information
Direct-owned and consolidated finance subsidiary ownership	100.00%

Restricted Cash, Other Restricted Assets and Intercompany Funds Transfers - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Billions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Jan. 01, 2025	Dec. 31, 2023
Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]
Cash and securities pledged with clearing organizations for benefit of customers	$ 40.7		$ 40.5
Fair value of securities restricted in relation to customer activity	$ 26.8		$ 20.5
Restrictions on Cash and Intercompany Funds Transfers [Line Items]
Percentage of total capital loans limited to	10.00%
Percentage of total capital (limited to) for aggregate covered transactions	20.00%
Bank and Bank Holding Company Subsidiaries \| Subsequent Event
Restrictions on Cash and Intercompany Funds Transfers [Line Items]
Aggregate dividends payable		$ 15.5

Employee Share-Based Incentives - Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]
Tax benefit from compensation expense	$ 1,000	$ 836	$ 901

Allowance for Credit Losses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Credit Loss [Abstract]

Allowance for credit losses

The Firm’s allowance for credit losses represents management's estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the Firm's financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. The allowance for credit losses generally comprises:

•the allowance for loan losses, which covers the Firm’s retained loan portfolios (scored and risk-rated),

•the allowance for lending-related commitments, which is presented on the Consolidated balance sheets in accounts payable and other liabilities, and

•the allowance for credit losses on investment securities, which is reflected in investment securities on the Consolidated balance sheets.

The income statement effect of all changes in the allowance for credit losses is recognized in the provision for credit losses.

Determining the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses is complex and requires significant judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. At least quarterly, the allowance for credit losses is reviewed by the CRO, the CFO and the Controller of the Firm. Subsequent evaluations of credit exposures, considering the macroeconomic conditions, forecasts and other factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance for credit losses in future periods.

The Firm’s policies used to determine its allowance for loan losses and its allowance for lending-related commitments are described in the following paragraphs. Refer to Note 10 for a description of the policies used to determine the allowance for credit losses on investment securities.

Methodology for allowances for loan losses and lending-related commitments

The allowance for loan losses and allowance for lending-related commitments represents expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of retained loans and lending-related commitments that are not unconditionally cancellable. The Firm does not record an allowance for future draws on unconditionally cancellable lending-related commitments (e.g., credit cards). Expected losses related to accrued interest on credit card loans are considered in the Firm’s allowance for loan losses. However, the Firm does not record an allowance on other accrued interest receivables, due to its policy to write these receivables off no later than 90 days past due by reversing interest income.

The expected life of each instrument is determined by considering its contractual term, expected prepayments, cancellation features, and certain extension and call options. The expected life of funded credit card loans is generally estimated by considering expected future payments on the credit card account, and determining how much of those amounts should be allocated to repayments of the funded loan balance (as

of the balance sheet date) versus other account activity. This allocation is made using an approach that incorporates the payment application requirements of the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009, generally paying down the highest interest rate balances first.

The estimate of expected credit losses includes expected recoveries of amounts previously charged off or expected to be charged off, even if such recoveries result in a negative allowance.

Collective and Individual Assessments

When calculating the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for lending-related commitments, the Firm assesses whether exposures share similar risk characteristics. If similar risk characteristics exist, the Firm estimates expected credit losses collectively, considering the risk associated with a particular pool and the probability that the exposures within the pool will deteriorate or default. The assessment of risk characteristics is subject to significant management judgment. Emphasizing one characteristic over another or considering additional characteristics could affect the allowance.

•Relevant risk characteristics for the consumer portfolio include product type, delinquency status, current FICO scores, geographic distribution, and, for collateralized loans, current LTV ratios.

•Relevant risk characteristics for the wholesale portfolio include risk rating, delinquency status, tenor, level and type of collateral, LOB, geography, industry, credit enhancement, product type, facility purpose, and payment terms.

The majority of the Firm’s credit exposures share risk characteristics with other similar exposures, and as a result are collectively assessed for impairment (“portfolio-based component”). The portfolio-based component covers consumer loans, performing risk-rated loans and certain lending-related commitments.

If an exposure does not share risk characteristics with other exposures, the Firm generally estimates expected credit losses on an individual basis, considering expected repayment and conditions impacting that individual exposure (“asset-specific component”). The asset-specific component covers collateral-dependent loans and risk-rated loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status.

Portfolio-based component

The portfolio-based component begins with a quantitative calculation that considers the likelihood of the borrower changing delinquency status or moving from one risk rating to another. The quantitative calculation covers expected credit losses over an instrument’s expected life and is estimated by applying credit loss factors to the Firm’s estimated exposure at default. The credit loss factors incorporate the

probability of borrower default as well as loss severity in the event of default. They are derived using a weighted average of five internally developed macroeconomic scenarios over an eight-quarter forecast period, followed by a single year straight-line interpolation to revert to long run historical information for periods beyond the eight-quarter forecast period. The five macroeconomic scenarios consist of a central, relative adverse, extreme adverse, relative upside and extreme upside scenario, and are updated by the Firm’s central forecasting team. The scenarios take into consideration the Firm’s macroeconomic outlook, internal perspectives from subject matter experts across the Firm, and market consensus and involve a governed process that incorporates feedback from senior management across LOBs, Corporate Finance and Risk Management.

The quantitative calculation is adjusted to take into consideration model imprecision, emerging risk assessments, trends and other subjective factors that are not yet reflected in the calculation. These adjustments are accomplished in part by analyzing the historical loss experience, including during stressed periods, for each major product or model. Management applies judgment in making this adjustment, including taking into account uncertainties associated with the economic and political conditions, quality of underwriting standards, borrower behavior, credit concentrations or deterioration within an industry, product or portfolio, as well as other relevant internal and external factors affecting the credit quality of the portfolio. In certain instances, the interrelationships between these factors create further uncertainties.

The application of different inputs into the quantitative calculation, and the assumptions used by management to adjust the quantitative calculation, are subject to significant management judgment, and emphasizing one input or assumption over another, or considering other inputs or assumptions, could affect the estimate of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for lending-related commitments.

Asset-specific component

To determine the asset-specific component of the allowance, collateral-dependent loans (including those loans for which foreclosure is probable) and nonaccrual risk-rated loans in the wholesale portfolio segment are generally evaluated individually.

For collateral-dependent loans, the fair value of collateral less estimated costs to sell, as applicable, is used to determine the charge-off amount for declines in value (to reduce the amortized cost of the loan to the fair value of collateral) or the amount of negative allowance that should be recognized (for recoveries of prior charge-offs associated with improvements in the fair value of the collateral).

For non-collateral dependent loans, the Firm generally measures the asset-specific allowance as the

difference between the amortized cost of the loan and the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. Subsequent changes in impairment are generally recognized as an adjustment to the allowance for loan losses. The asset-specific component of the allowance for non-collateral dependent loans incorporates the effect of the modification on the loan’s expected cash flows including changes in interest rates, principal forgiveness, and other concessions, as well as management’s expectation of the borrower’s ability to repay under the modified terms.

Estimating the timing and amounts of future cash flows is highly judgmental as these cash flow projections rely upon estimates such as loss severities, asset valuations, the amounts and timing of interest or principal payments (including any expected prepayments) or other factors that are reflective of current and expected market conditions. These estimates are, in turn, dependent on factors such as the duration of current overall economic conditions, industry, portfolio, or borrower-specific factors, the expected outcome of insolvency proceedings as well as, in certain circumstances, other economic factors. All of these estimates and assumptions require significant management judgment and certain assumptions are highly subjective.

Other financial assets

In addition to loans and investment securities, the Firm holds other financial assets that are measured at amortized cost on the Consolidated balance sheets, including credit exposures arising from lending activities subject to collateral maintenance requirements. Management estimates the allowance for other financial assets using various techniques considering historical losses and current economic conditions.

Credit risk arising from lending activities subject to collateral maintenance requirements is generally mitigated by factors such as the short-term nature of the activity, the fair value of collateral held and the Firm’s right to call for, and the borrower’s obligation to provide additional margin when the fair value of the collateral declines. Because of these mitigating factors, these exposures generally do not require an allowance for credit losses. However, management may also consider other factors such as the borrower’s ongoing ability to provide collateral to satisfy margin requirements, or whether collateral is significantly concentrated in an individual issuer or in securities with similar risk characteristics. If in management’s judgment, an allowance for credit losses for these exposures is required, the Firm estimates expected credit losses based on the value of the collateral and probability of borrower default.

Allowance for credit losses and related information

The table below summarizes information about the allowances for credit losses and includes a breakdown of loans and lending-related commitments by impairment methodology. Refer to Note 10 for further information on the allowance for credit losses on investment securities.


(Table continued on next page)
	2024
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card		Credit card		Wholesale		Total
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance at January 1,	$	1,856	$	12,450	$	8,114	$	22,420
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle(a)	NA		NA		NA		NA
Gross charge-offs	1,299		8,198		1,022		10,519
Gross recoveries collected	(625)		(1,056)		(200)		(1,881)
Net charge-offs	674		7,142		822		8,638
Provision for loan losses	624		9,292		578		10,494
Other	1		—		68		69
Ending balance at December 31,	$	1,807	$	14,600	$	7,938	$	24,345

Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance at January 1,	$	75	$	—	$	1,899	$	1,974

Provision for lending-related commitments	7		—		121		128
Other	—		—		(1)		(1)
Ending balance at December 31,	$	82	$	—	$	2,019	$	2,101
Total allowance for investment securities	NA		NA		NA		$	152
Total allowance for credit losses(b)	$	1,889	$	14,600	$	9,957	$	26,598

Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Asset-specific(c)	$	(728)	$	—	$	526	$	(202)
Portfolio-based	2,535		14,600		7,412		24,547
Total allowance for loan losses	$	1,807	$	14,600	$	7,938	$	24,345

Loans by impairment methodology
Asset-specific(c)	$	2,805	$	—	$	3,912	$	6,717
Portfolio-based	373,529		232,860		686,484		1,292,873
Total retained loans	$	376,334	$	232,860	$	690,396	$	1,299,590

Collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs	$	1	$	—	$	324	$	325
Loans measured at fair value of collateral less cost to sell	2,696		—		1,834		4,530

Allowance for lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	$	—	$	—	$	109	$	109
Portfolio-based	82		—		1,910		1,992
Total allowance for lending-related commitments(d)	$	82	$	—	$	2,019	$	2,101

Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	$	—	$	—	$	737	$	737
Portfolio-based(e)	25,608		19		510,254		535,881
Total lending-related commitments	$	25,608	$	19	$	510,991	$	536,618

(a)Represents the impact to the allowance for loan losses upon the adoption of the Financial Instruments - Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings accounting guidance. Refer to Note 1 for further information.

(b)At December 31, 2024 and 2023 and 2022, in addition to the allowance for credit losses in the table above, the Firm also had an allowance for credit losses of $268 million, $243 million and $21 million, respectively, associated with certain accounts receivable in CIB.

(c)Includes collateral-dependent loans, including those for which foreclosure is deemed probable, and nonaccrual risk-rated loans.

(d)The allowance for lending-related commitments is reported in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.

(e)At December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, lending-related commitments excluded $19.2 billion, $17.2 billion and $13.1 billion, respectively, for the consumer, excluding credit card portfolio segment; $1.0 trillion, $915.7 billion and $821.3 billion, respectively, for the credit card portfolio segment; and $20.5 billion, $19.7 billion and $9.8 billion, respectively, for the wholesale portfolio segment, which were not subject to the allowance for lending-related commitments.


(table continued from previous page)
2023								2022
Consumer, excluding credit card		Credit card		Wholesale		Total		Consumer, excluding credit card		Credit card		Wholesale		Total

$	2,040	$	11,200	$	6,486	$	19,726	$	1,765	$	10,250	$	4,371	$	16,386
(489)		(100)		2		(587)		NA		NA		NA		NA
1,151		5,491		1,011		7,653		812		3,192		322		4,326
(519)		(793)		(132)		(1,444)		(543)		(789)		(141)		(1,473)
632		4,698		879		6,209		269		2,403		181		2,853
936		6,048		2,484		9,468		543		3,353		2,293		6,189
1		—		21		22		1		—		3		4
$	1,856	$	12,450	$	8,114	$	22,420	$	2,040	$	11,200	$	6,486	$	19,726

$	76	$	—	$	2,306	$	2,382	$	113	$	—	$	2,148	$	2,261

(1)		—		(407)		(408)		(37)		—		157		120
—		—		—		—		—		—		1		1
$	75	$	—	$	1,899	$	1,974	$	76	$	—	$	2,306	$	2,382
NA		NA		NA		$	128	NA		NA		NA		$	96
$	1,931	$	12,450	$	10,013	$	24,522	$	2,116	$	11,200	$	8,792	$	22,204


$	(876)	$	—	$	392	$	(484)	$	(624)	$	223	$	467	$	66
2,732		12,450		7,722		22,904		2,664		10,977		6,019		19,660
$	1,856	$	12,450	$	8,114	$	22,420	$	2,040	$	11,200	$	6,486	$	19,726


$	3,287	$	—	$	2,338	$	5,625	$	11,978	$	796	$	2,189	$	14,963
393,988		211,123		670,134		1,275,245		288,775		184,379		601,481		1,074,635
$	397,275	$	211,123	$	672,472	$	1,280,870	$	300,753	$	185,175	$	603,670	$	1,089,598


$	6	$	—	$	180	$	186	$	(33)	$	—	$	16	$	(17)
3,216		—		1,012		4,228		3,585		—		464		4,049


$	—	$	—	$	89	$	89	$	—	$	—	$	90	$	90
75		—		1,810		1,885		76		—		2,216		2,292
$	75	$	—	$	1,899	$	1,974	$	76	$	—	$	2,306	$	2,382


$	—	$	—	$	464	$	464	$	—	$	—	$	455	$	455
28,248		—		516,577		544,825		20,423		—		461,688		482,111
$	28,248	$	—	$	517,041	$	545,289	$	20,423	$	—	$	462,143	$	482,566

Discussion of changes in the allowance

The allowance for credit losses as of December 31, 2024 was $26.9 billion, reflecting a net addition of $2.1 billion from December 31, 2023.

The net addition to the allowance for credit losses included:

•$2.1 billion in consumer, reflecting:

–a $2.2 billion net addition in Card Services, predominantly driven by loan growth, reflecting higher revolving balances, including the seasoning of vintages originated in recent years,

partially offset by

–a $125 million net reduction in Home Lending in the first quarter of 2024, and

•a net reduction of $30 million in wholesale, reflecting:

–changes in certain macroeconomic variables, an update to loss assumptions on certain loans in Markets, and a reduction due to charge-offs largely from collateral-dependent loans,

predominantly offset by

–net downgrade activity, primarily in Real Estate, and the impact of incorporating the First Republic portfolio into the Firm’s modeled credit loss estimates in the second quarter of 2024.

The Firm’s qualitative adjustments continued to include additional weight placed on the adverse scenarios to reflect ongoing uncertainties and downside risks related to the geopolitical and macroeconomic environment.

The Firm's allowance for credit losses is estimated using a weighted average of five internally developed macroeconomic scenarios. The adverse scenarios incorporate more punitive macroeconomic factors than the central case assumptions provided in the table below, resulting in:

•a weighted average U.S. unemployment rate peaking at 5.5% in the fourth quarter of 2025, and

•a weighted average U.S. real GDP level that is 1.9% lower than the central case at the end of the second quarter of 2026.

The following table presents the Firm’s central case assumptions for the periods presented:


	Central case assumptions at December 31, 2024
	2Q25		4Q25		2Q26
U.S. unemployment rate(a)	4.5	%	4.3	%	4.3	%
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP(b)	2.0	%	1.9	%	1.8	%


	Central case assumptions at December 31, 2023
	2Q24		4Q24		2Q25
U.S. unemployment rate(a)	4.1	%	4.4	%	4.1	%
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP(b)	1.8	%	0.7	%	1.0	%

(a)Reflects quarterly average of forecasted U.S. unemployment rate.

(b)The year over year growth in U.S. real GDP in the forecast horizon of the central scenario is calculated as the percentage change in U.S. real GDP levels from the prior year.

Subsequent changes to this forecast and related estimates will be reflected in the provision for credit losses in future periods.

Refer to Note 12 for additional information on the consumer and wholesale credit portfolios.

Refer to Critical Accounting Estimates Used by the Firm on pages 161–164 for further information on the allowance for credit losses and related management judgments.

Interest Income and Interest Expense (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Interest Income (Expense), Operating [Abstract]

Details of interest income and interest expense

The following table presents the components of interest income and interest expense:


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024			2023			2022
Interest income
Loans	$	92,353	(d)	$	83,384	(d)	$	52,736
Taxable securities	21,947			17,390			10,372
Non-taxable securities(a)	1,197			1,336			975
Total investment securities	23,144		(d)	18,726		(d)	11,347
Trading assets - debt instruments	20,327			15,950			9,053
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	18,299			15,079			4,632
Securities borrowed	9,208			7,983			2,237
Deposits with banks	22,297			21,797			9,039
All other interest-earning assets(b)	8,305			7,669			3,763
Total interest income	$	193,933		$	170,588		$	92,807
Interest expense
Interest bearing deposits	$	49,559		$	40,016		$	10,082
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	19,149			13,259			3,721
Short-term borrowings	2,101			1,894			747
Trading liabilities - debt and all other interest-bearing liabilities(c)	10,238			9,396			3,246
Long-term debt	18,920			15,803			8,075
Beneficial interest issued by consolidated VIEs	1,383			953			226
Total interest expense	$	101,350		$	81,321		$	26,097
Net interest income	$	92,583		$	89,267		$	66,710
Provision for credit losses	10,678			9,320			6,389
Net interest income after provision for credit losses	$	81,905		$	79,947		$	60,321

(a)Represents securities that are tax-exempt for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

(c)All other interest-bearing liabilities includes interest expense on brokerage-related customer payables.

(d)Includes the accretion of the purchase discount on certain acquired loans and investment securities associated with First Republic. Refer to Note 34 for additional information.

Variable Interest Entities - VIEs Sponsored by Third Parties (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions

Dec. 31, 2024

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]

Fair value of assets held by VIE

$ 4,002,814

^[1]

$ 3,875,393

^[1]

$ 3,665,743

Tax credit vehicles | Nonconsolidated entities

Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]

Maximum exposure

35,200

35,100

Unfunded commitments

15,000

14,700

Municipal bond vehicles | Nonconsolidated entities

Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]

Maximum exposure

5,800

5,100

Fair value of assets held by VIE

$ 8,100

$ 7,300

[1]


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Assets
Trading assets	$	3,885	$	2,170
Loans	36,510		37,611
All other assets	681		591
Total assets	$	41,076	$	40,372
Liabilities
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	$	27,323	$	23,020
All other liabilities	454		263
Total liabilities	$	27,777	$	23,283

Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit.

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Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

Income Taxes - Results from Non-U.S. Earnings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
U.S.	$ 59,472	$ 46,868	$ 34,626
Non-U.S.	15,609	14,744	11,540
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)	$ 75,081	$ 61,612	$ 46,166

Amount of income (loss) from continuing operations, including income (loss) from equity method investments, before deduction of income tax expense (benefit), and income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest.

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Segments, Geographical Areas [Abstract]

International Operations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Schedule of revenue from external customers attributed to foreign countries by geographic area


As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions)	Revenue(b)		Expense(c)		Income before income tax expense		Net income		Total assets
2024
Europe/Middle East/Africa	$	22,353	$	12,843	$	9,510	$	6,713	$	552,407	(d)
Asia-Pacific	11,995		6,922		5,073		3,615		296,430
Latin America/Caribbean	3,885		1,895		1,990		1,512		73,631
Total international	38,233		21,660		16,573		11,840		922,468
North America(a)	139,323		80,815		58,508		46,631		3,080,346
Total	$	177,556	$	102,475	$	75,081	$	58,471	$	4,002,814

2023
Europe/Middle East/Africa	$	20,974	$	11,947	$	9,027	$	6,402	$	529,335	(d)
Asia-Pacific	10,605		6,550		4,055		2,709		251,588
Latin America/Caribbean	3,294		1,971		1,323		994		83,003
Total international	34,873		20,468		14,405		10,105		863,926
North America(a)	123,231		76,024		47,207		39,447		3,011,467
Total	$	158,104	$	96,492	$	61,612	$	49,552	$	3,875,393

2022
Europe/Middle East/Africa	$	18,765	$	11,754	$	7,011	$	5,158	$	558,430	(d)
Asia-Pacific	10,025		6,763		3,262		2,119		281,479
Latin America/Caribbean	3,178		1,697		1,481		1,156		78,673
Total international	31,968		20,214		11,754		8,433		918,582
North America(a)	96,727		62,315		34,412		29,243		2,747,161
Total	$	128,695	$	82,529	$	46,166	$	37,676	$	3,665,743

(a)Substantially reflects the U.S.

(b)Revenue is composed of net interest income and noninterest revenue.

(c)Expense is composed of noninterest expense and the provision for credit losses.

(d)Total assets for the U.K. were approximately $369 billion, $352 billion and $357 billion at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Leases - Future Receipts Under Operating Leases (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
2025	$ 2,381
2026	1,707
2027	704
2028	47
2029	5
After 2029	4
Total future minimum lease receipts	$ 4,848

Securities Financing Activities - Gross and Net Amounts of Securities Financing Agreements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements, Gross amounts	$ 607,154	$ 523,308
Securities purchased under resale agreements, Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(312,183)	(247,181)
Securities purchased under resale agreements, Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets	294,971	276,127
Securities purchased under resale agreements, Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets	(282,220)	(267,582)
Securities purchased under resale agreements, Net amounts	12,751	8,545
Securities borrowed, Gross amounts	267,917	244,046
Securities borrowed, Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(48,371)	(43,610)
Securities borrowed, Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets	219,546	200,436
Securities borrowed, Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets	(170,702)	(144,543)
Securities borrowed, Net amounts	48,844	55,893
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements, Gross amounts	603,683	459,985
Securities sold under repurchase agreements, Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(312,183)	(247,181)
Securities sold under repurchase agreements, Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets	291,500	212,804
Securities sold under repurchase agreements, Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets	(249,763)	(182,011)
Securities sold under repurchase agreements, Net amounts	41,737	30,793
Securities loaned and other, Gross amounts	58,989	52,142
Securities loaned and other, Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(48,371)	(43,610)
Securities loaned and other, Amounts presented in the Consolidated balance sheets	10,618	8,532
Securities loaned and other, Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets	(10,557)	(8,501)
Securities loaned and other, Net amounts	61	31
Securities purchased under resale agreements	8,700	7,100
Securities borrowed	42,900	50,700
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	40,900	30,000
Securities-For-Securities
Liabilities
Securities loaned and other, Amounts presented in the Consolidated balance sheets	$ 5,900	$ 5,600

Variable Interest Entities - Firm Sponsored VIEs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Total assets held by securitization VIEs	$ 266,202	$ 235,493
Retained securitization interests, risk-rated 'A' or better, at fair value	77.00%	77.00%
CIB
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Senior securities purchased in connection with CIB's secondary market-making activities	$ 256	$ 52
Residential mortgage \| Investment-grade
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Fair value of retained interests	2,900	2,500
Residential mortgage \| Noninvestment-grade
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Fair value of retained interests	216	88
Residential mortgage \| Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Total assets held by securitization VIEs	71,085	58,570
Residential mortgage \| Subprime
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Total assets held by securitization VIEs	8,824	8,881
Commercial and other
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Total assets held by securitization VIEs	186,293	168,042
Commercial and other \| Investment-grade
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Fair value of retained interests	6,000	6,100
Commercial and other \| Noninvestment-grade
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Fair value of retained interests	1,400	1,700
VIEs consolidated by the Firm
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs	858	675
VIEs consolidated by the Firm \| Residential mortgage \| Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs	615	675
VIEs consolidated by the Firm \| Residential mortgage \| Subprime
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs	0	0
VIEs consolidated by the Firm \| Commercial and other
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs	243	0
Nonconsolidated entities
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement	178,203	160,893
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	10,512	10,462
Nonconsolidated entities \| Trading assets
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	1,187	1,429
Nonconsolidated entities \| Investment securities - AFS
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	7,637	7,619
Nonconsolidated entities \| Other financial assets
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	1,688	1,414
Nonconsolidated entities \| Residential mortgage \| Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement	50,846	39,319
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	3,077	2,636
Nonconsolidated entities \| Residential mortgage \| Subprime
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement	1,847	1,312
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	63	3
Nonconsolidated entities \| Residential mortgage \| Trading assets \| Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	613	595
Nonconsolidated entities \| Residential mortgage \| Trading assets \| Subprime
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	44	3
Nonconsolidated entities \| Residential mortgage \| Investment securities - AFS \| Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	1,850	1,981
Nonconsolidated entities \| Residential mortgage \| Investment securities - AFS \| Subprime
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	19	0
Nonconsolidated entities \| Residential mortgage \| Other financial assets \| Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	614	60
Nonconsolidated entities \| Residential mortgage \| Other financial assets \| Subprime
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	0	0
Nonconsolidated entities \| Commercial and other
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement	125,510	120,262
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	7,372	7,823
Nonconsolidated entities \| Commercial and other \| Trading assets
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	530	831
Nonconsolidated entities \| Commercial and other \| Investment securities - AFS
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	5,768	5,638
Nonconsolidated entities \| Commercial and other \| Other financial assets
Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts
Interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs	$ 1,074	$ 1,354

Goodwill, Mortgage Servicing Rights, and Other Intangible Assets - Key Economic Assumptions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Weighted-average prepayment speed assumption (constant prepayment rate)	6.19%	6.29%
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change	$ (209)	$ (206)
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change	$ (406)	$ (401)
Weighted-average option adjusted spread	5.97%	6.10%
Impact on fair value of 100 basis points adverse change	$ (391)	$ (369)
Impact on fair value of 200 basis points adverse change	$ (751)	$ (709)

Business Combinations - Computation of Purchase Price and the Assets Acquired Net of Liabilities Assumed (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions		8 Months Ended		12 Months Ended			20 Months Ended
	May 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2024
Liabilities
Gain on acquisition, after income taxes				$ 103	$ 2,775	$ 0
First Republic
Purchase price consideration
Amounts paid/due to the FDIC, net of cash acquired							$ 13,555
Purchase Money Note (at fair value)							48,848
Settlement of First Republic deposit and other related party transactions							5,447
Contingent consideration - Shared-loss agreements							15
Purchase price consideration							67,865
Assets
Securities				30,285			30,285
Loans				153,242			153,242
Core deposit and customer relationship intangibles				1,455			1,455
Indemnification assets - Shared-loss agreements				675			675
Accounts receivable and other assets				6,740			6,740
Total assets acquired				192,397			192,397
Liabilities
Deposits				87,572			87,572
FHLB advances				27,919			27,919
Lending-related commitments				2,614			2,614
Accounts payable and other liabilities				2,792			2,792
Deferred tax liabilities				757			757
Total liabilities assumed				121,654			121,654
Fair value of net assets acquired				70,743			70,743
Gain on acquisition, after income taxes	$ 2,700	$ 2,800	$ 63	103			2,878
Cash acquired from acquisition							680
Consideration transferred for settlement of securities financing transaction				447
Tax-oriented investments acquired				1,200			1,200
Right-of-use assets acquired				683			683
Tax-oriented investment liability assumed				669			669
Lease liabilities assumed				$ 748			$ 748
First Republic \| Purchase Money Note
Liabilities
Term of FDIC Purchase Money Note	5 years
Face amount of notes	$ 50,000

Derivative Instruments - Impact on Balance Sheet (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	$ 665,587	$ 539,248
Net derivative receivables	60,967	54,864
Gross derivative payables	653,218	546,972
Net derivative payables	39,661	40,847
Interest rate
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	290,734	250,691
Net derivative receivables	24,945	26,324
Gross derivative payables	274,228	240,482
Net derivative payables	9,239	11,896
Credit
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	11,087	9,654
Net derivative receivables	814	551
Gross derivative payables	13,796	12,038
Net derivative payables	1,898	1,089
Foreign exchange
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	262,920	205,775
Net derivative receivables	25,312	18,019
Gross derivative payables	254,567	212,263
Net derivative payables	15,597	12,620
Equity
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	85,220	57,689
Net derivative receivables	5,285	4,928
Gross derivative payables	96,139	65,811
Net derivative payables	8,648	9,368
Commodity
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	15,626	15,439
Net derivative receivables	4,611	5,042
Gross derivative payables	14,488	16,378
Net derivative payables	4,279	5,874
Not designated as hedges
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	663,566	538,270
Gross derivative payables	651,865	545,240
Not designated as hedges \| Interest rate
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	290,734	250,689
Gross derivative payables	274,226	240,482
Not designated as hedges \| Credit
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	11,087	9,654
Gross derivative payables	13,796	12,038
Not designated as hedges \| Foreign exchange
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	261,035	205,010
Gross derivative payables	253,289	210,623
Not designated as hedges \| Equity
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	85,220	57,689
Gross derivative payables	96,139	65,811
Not designated as hedges \| Commodity
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	15,490	15,228
Gross derivative payables	14,415	16,286
Designated as hedges
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	2,021	978
Gross derivative payables	1,353	1,732
Designated as hedges \| Interest rate
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	0	2
Gross derivative payables	2	0
Designated as hedges \| Credit
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	0	0
Gross derivative payables	0	0
Designated as hedges \| Foreign exchange
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	1,885	765
Gross derivative payables	1,278	1,640
Designated as hedges \| Equity
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	0	0
Gross derivative payables	0	0
Designated as hedges \| Commodity
Derivatives, Fair Value [Line Items]
Gross derivative receivables	136	211
Gross derivative payables	$ 73	$ 92

Preferred Stock (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Millions							12 Months Ended
	Feb. 01, 2024	Jan. 31, 2024	Aug. 01, 2023	Jul. 31, 2023	Apr. 30, 2023	Oct. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							2,005,375	2,740,375
Carrying value							$ 20,050	$ 27,404
Series DD
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							169,625	169,625
Carrying value							$ 1,696	$ 1,696
Issue date							Sep. 21, 2018
Contractual rate in effect							5.75%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 575.00	$ 575.00	$ 575.00
Series DD \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Dec. 01, 2023
Series EE
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							185,000	185,000
Carrying value							$ 1,850	$ 1,850
Issue date							Jan. 24, 2019
Contractual rate in effect							6.00%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 600.00	$ 600.00	600.00
Series EE \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Mar. 01, 2024
Series GG
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							90,000	90,000
Carrying value							$ 900	$ 900
Issue date							Nov. 07, 2019
Contractual rate in effect							4.75%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 475.00	$ 475.00	475.00
Series GG \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Dec. 01, 2024
Series JJ
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							150,000	150,000
Carrying value							$ 1,500	$ 1,500
Issue date							Mar. 17, 2021
Contractual rate in effect							4.55%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 455.00	$ 455.00	455.00
Series JJ \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Jun. 01, 2026
Series LL
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							185,000	185,000
Carrying value							$ 1,850	$ 1,850
Issue date							May 20, 2021
Contractual rate in effect							4.625%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 462.52	$ 462.52	462.52
Series LL \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Jun. 01, 2026
Series MM
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							200,000	200,000
Carrying value							$ 2,000	$ 2,000
Issue date							Jul. 29, 2021
Contractual rate in effect							4.20%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 420.00	$ 420.00	420.00
Series MM \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Sep. 01, 2026
Series I
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							0	0
Carrying value							$ 0	$ 0
Issue date							Apr. 23, 2008
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 0	$ 0	375.03
Series I \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Apr. 30, 2018
Series Q
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							0	150,000
Carrying value							$ 0	$ 1,500
Issue date							Apr. 23, 2013
Contractual rate in effect					5.15%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 220.45	$ 801.41	515.00
Dividend rate (in dollars per share)					$ 257.50
Series Q \| Term SOFR
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend rate, variable, basis spread			3.25%				3.25%
Series Q \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							May 01, 2023
Series R
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							0	150,000
Carrying value							$ 0	$ 1,500
Issue date							Jul. 29, 2013
Contractual rate in effect				6.00%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 221.70	$ 756.73	600.00
Dividend rate (in dollars per share)				$ 300.00
Series R \| Term SOFR
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend rate, variable, basis spread			3.30%				3.30%
Series R \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Aug. 01, 2023
Series S
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							0	200,000
Carrying value							$ 0	$ 2,000
Issue date							Jan. 22, 2014
Contractual rate in effect		6.75%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 233.70	$ 675.00	675.00
Dividend rate (in dollars per share)		$ 337.50
Series S \| Term SOFR
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend rate, variable, basis spread	3.78%						3.78%
Series S \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Feb. 01, 2024
Series U
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							0	100,000
Carrying value							$ 0	$ 1,000
Issue date							Mar. 10, 2014
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 153.13	$ 612.50	612.50
Series U \| Term SOFR
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend rate, variable, basis spread							3.33%
Series U \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Apr. 30, 2024
Series V
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							0	0
Carrying value							$ 0	$ 0
Issue date							Jun. 09, 2014
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 0	$ 0	340.91
Series V \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Jul. 01, 2019
Series X
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							0	160,000
Carrying value							$ 0	$ 1,600
Issue date							Sep. 23, 2014
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 457.50	$ 610.00	610.00
Series X \| Term SOFR
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend rate, variable, basis spread							3.33%
Series X \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Oct. 01, 2024
Series CC
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							125,750	125,750
Carrying value							$ 1,258	$ 1,258
Issue date							Oct. 20, 2017
Contractual rate in effect						4.625%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 812.73	$ 804.08	526.27
Dividend rate (in dollars per share)						$ 231.25
Series CC \| Term SOFR
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend rate, variable, basis spread			2.58%				2.58%
Series CC \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Nov. 01, 2022
Series FF
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							0	225,000
Carrying value							$ 0	$ 2,250
Issue date							Jul. 31, 2019
Contractual rate in effect							0.00%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 250.00	$ 500.00	500.00
Series FF \| Term SOFR
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend rate, variable, basis spread							3.38%
Series FF \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Aug. 01, 2024
Series HH
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							300,000	300,000
Carrying value							$ 3,000	$ 3,000
Issue date							Jan. 23, 2020
Contractual rate in effect							4.60%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 460.00	$ 460.00	460.00
Series HH \| Term SOFR
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend rate, variable, basis spread							3.125%
Series HH \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Feb. 01, 2025
Series II
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							150,000	150,000
Carrying value							$ 1,500	$ 1,500
Issue date							Feb. 24, 2020
Contractual rate in effect							4.00%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 400.00	$ 400.00	400.00
Series II \| Term SOFR
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend rate, variable, basis spread							2.745%
Series II \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Apr. 01, 2025
Series KK
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							200,000	200,000
Carrying value							$ 2,000	$ 2,000
Issue date							May 12, 2021
Contractual rate in effect							3.65%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 365.00	$ 365.00	$ 365.00
Series KK \| Five-year CMT
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend rate, variable, basis spread							2.85%
Series KK \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Jun. 01, 2026
Series NN
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares (in shares)							250,000
Carrying value							$ 2,496
Issue date							Mar. 12, 2024
Contractual rate in effect							6.875%
Dividend declared per share (in dollars per share)							$ 494.63
Series NN \| Five-year CMT
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock dividend rate, variable, basis spread							2.737%
Series NN \| Minimum
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Earliest redemption date							Jun. 01, 2029

Regulatory Capital - Leverage-Based Regulatory Requirements (Details) - Basel III	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
BHC
Minimum leverage-based capital ratios
Tier 1 leverage	0.040	0.040
SLR	5.00%	5.00%
Well capitalized leverage-based capital ratios
SLR, minimum requirement	0.030	0.030
SLR, supplementary leverage buffer	2.00%	2.00%
IDI
Minimum leverage-based capital ratios
Tier 1 leverage	0.040	0.040
SLR	6.00%	6.00%
Well capitalized leverage-based capital ratios
Tier 1 leverage	0.050	0.050
SLR	0.060	0.060
SLR, minimum requirement	0.030	0.030
SLR, supplementary leverage buffer	3.00%	3.00%

Noninterest Revenue and Noninterest Expense - Lending and Deposit-Related Fees (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Noninterest Income (Expense) [Abstract]
Lending-related fees	$ 2,192	$ 2,365	$ 1,468
Deposit-related fees	5,414	5,048	5,630
Total lending- and deposit-related fees	$ 7,606	$ 7,413	$ 7,098

Derivative Instruments - Notional Amount of Derivative Contracts (Details) - USD ($) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	$ 47,723	$ 49,813
Interest rate contracts
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	29,660	32,673
Swaps
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	20,437	23,251
Futures and forwards
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	3,067	2,690
Options \| Written options
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	3,067	3,370
Options \| Purchased options
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	3,089	3,362
Net credit derivatives
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	1,191	1,045
Foreign exchange contracts
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	13,513	13,306
Cross-currency swaps
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	4,509	4,721
Spot, futures and forwards
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	7,005	6,957
Options \| Written options
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	1,015	830
Options \| Purchased options
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	984	798
Equity contracts
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	2,758	2,272
Swaps
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	850	639
Futures and forwards
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	206	157
Options \| Written options
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	914	778
Options \| Purchased options
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	788	698
Commodity contracts
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	601	517
Swaps
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	148	115
Spot, futures and forwards
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	191	157
Options \| Written options
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	137	130
Options \| Purchased options
Notional amount of derivative contracts outstanding
Derivative notional amounts	$ 125	$ 115

Restricted Cash, Other Restricted Assets and Intercompany Funds Transfers

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Cash and Cash Equivalents [Abstract]

Restricted Cash, Other Restricted Assets and Intercompany Funds Transfers

Restricted cash, other restricted assets and intercompany funds transfers

Restricted cash and other restricted assets

Certain of the Firm’s cash and other assets are restricted as to withdrawal or usage. These restrictions are imposed by various regulatory authorities based on the particular activities of the Firm’s subsidiaries.

The business of JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is subject to examination and regulation by the OCC. The Bank is a member of the U.S. Federal Reserve System, and its deposits in the U.S. are insured by the FDIC, subject to applicable limits.

The Firm is required to maintain cash reserves at certain non-US central banks.

The Firm is also subject to rules and regulations established by other U.S. and non U.S. regulators. As part of its compliance with the respective regulatory requirements, the Firm’s broker-dealer activities are subject to certain restrictions on cash and other assets.

The following table presents the components of the Firm’s restricted cash:


December 31, (in billions)	2024		2023
Segregated for the benefit of securities and cleared derivative customers	18.7		10.3
Cash reserves at non-U.S. central banks and held for other general purposes	8.8		9.3
Total restricted cash(a)	$	27.5	$	19.6

Also, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Firm had the following other restricted assets:

•Cash and securities pledged with clearing organizations for the benefit of customers of $40.7 billion and $40.5 billion, respectively.

•Securities with a fair value of $26.8 billion and $20.5 billion, respectively, were also restricted in relation to customer activity.

Intercompany funds transfers

Restrictions imposed by U.S. federal law prohibit JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., and its subsidiaries, from lending to JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“Parent Company”) and certain of its affiliates unless the loans are secured in specified amounts. Such secured loans provided by any banking subsidiary to the Parent Company or to any particular affiliate, together with certain other transactions with such affiliate (collectively referred to as “covered transactions”), must be made on terms and conditions that are consistent with safe and sound banking practices. In addition, unless collateralized with cash or US Government debt obligations, covered transactions are generally limited to 10% of the banking subsidiary’s total capital, as determined by the risk-based capital guidelines; the aggregate amount of covered transactions between any banking subsidiary and all of its affiliates is limited to 20% of the banking subsidiary’s total capital.

The Parent Company’s two principal subsidiaries are JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and JPMorgan Chase Holdings LLC, an intermediate holding company (the “IHC”). The IHC generally holds the stock of JPMorganChase’s subsidiaries other than JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and its subsidiaries. The IHC also owns other assets and provides intercompany loans to the Parent Company. The Parent Company is obligated to contribute to the IHC substantially all the net proceeds received from securities issuances (including issuances of senior and subordinated debt securities and of preferred and common stock).

The principal sources of income and funding for the Parent Company are dividends from JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and dividends and extensions of credit from the IHC. In addition to dividend restrictions set forth in statutes and regulations, the Federal Reserve, the OCC and the FDIC have authority under the Financial Institutions Supervisory Act to prohibit or to limit the payment of dividends by the banking organizations they supervise, including the Parent Company and its subsidiaries that are banks or bank holding companies, if, in the banking regulator’s opinion, payment of a dividend would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice in light of the financial condition of the banking organization. The IHC is prohibited from paying dividends or extending credit to the Parent Company if certain capital or liquidity “thresholds” are breached or if limits are otherwise imposed by the Parent Company’s management or Board of Directors.

At January 1, 2025, the Parent Company’s banking subsidiaries could pay, in the aggregate, approximately $15.5 billion in dividends to their respective bank holding companies without the prior approval of their relevant banking regulators. The capacity to pay dividends in 2025 will be supplemented by the banking subsidiaries’ earnings during the year.

Derivative Instruments - Impact on Statements of Income, Risk Management Derivatives (Details) - Risk Management Activities - Not designated as hedges - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments, Net, Pretax
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income	$ (1,039)	$ (578)	$ (824)
Interest rate
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments, Net, Pretax
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income	(425)	(135)	(827)
Credit
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments, Net, Pretax
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income	(604)	(441)	51
Foreign exchange
Gain (Loss) on Derivative Instruments, Net, Pretax
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income	$ (10)	$ (2)	$ (48)

Loans - Consumer, Excluding Credit Card Loan Portfolio, Residential Real Estate, Nonaccrual Loans and Other Credit Quality Indicators (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 1,299,590	$ 1,280,870	$ 1,089,598
Consumer, excluding credit card
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	376,334	397,275	$ 300,753
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans	2,984	3,466
Retained loans	$ 309,513	$ 326,409
Weighted average LTV ratio	47.00%	49.00%
Weighted average FICO	774	770
Approximate percentage of Chapter 7 loans 30 days or more past due	8.00%
Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis	$ 160	$ 180
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| California
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	120,944	127,072
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| New York
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	46,854	48,815
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| Florida
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	21,820	22,778
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| Texas
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	14,531	15,506
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| Massachusetts
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	13,511	14,213
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| Colorado
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	10,465	10,800
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| Illinois
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	9,835	10,856
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| Washington
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	9,372	9,923
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| New Jersey
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	7,554	8,050
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| Connecticut
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	6,854	7,163
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| All other
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	47,773	51,233
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| No FICO/LTV available
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	906	989
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores \| Equal to or greater than 660
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	72	72
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores \| Less than 660
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	3	0
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| 101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores \| Equal to or greater than 660
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	161	223
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| 101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores \| Less than 660
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	5	4
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| 80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores \| Equal to or greater than 660
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	4,962	6,491
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| 80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores \| Less than 660
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	73	102
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| Lower than 80% and refreshed FICO scores \| Equal to or greater than 660
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	294,797	309,251
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate \| Lower than 80% and refreshed FICO scores \| Less than 660
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 8,534	$ 9,277

Loans - Consumer, Excluding Credit Card Loan Portfolio, Auto and Other (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	$ 1,299,590	$ 1,280,870	$ 1,089,598
Gross charge-offs by origination year
Total gross charge-offs	10,519	7,653	4,326
Consumer, excluding credit card
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	376,334	397,275	300,753
Gross charge-offs by origination year
Total gross charge-offs	1,299	1,151	$ 812
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	26,356	30,605
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	16,237	15,077
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	9,460	13,063
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	7,198	6,624
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	2,954	1,820
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	647	528
Revolving loans within revolving period	3,757	3,006
Revolving loans converted to term loans	212	143
Total retained loans	$ 66,821	$ 70,866
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans by origination year
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Term loans originated in 2024/2023	0.72%	0.91%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Term loans originated in 2023/2022	1.75%	1.86%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Term loans originated in 2022/2021	2.74%	1.75%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Term loans originated in 2021/2020	2.50%	1.15%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Term loans originated in 2020/2019	1.76%	2.36%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	3.55%	3.22%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Revolving loans within the revolving period	1.14%	0.73%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Revolving loans converted to term loans	30.19%	28.67%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans	1.64%	1.39%
Gross charge-offs by origination year
Gross charge-offs originated in 2024/2023	$ 269	$ 333
Gross charge-offs originated in 2023/2022	348	297
Gross charge-offs originated in 2022/2021	224	161
Gross charge-offs originated in 2021/2020	126	53
Gross charge-offs originated in 2020/2019	37	35
Gross charge-offs originated prior to 2020/2019	82	64
Gross charge-offs originated within the revolving period	1	0
Gross charge-offs originated converted to term loans	6	4
Total gross charge-offs	1,093	947
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other \| Current
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	26,165	30,328
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	15,953	14,797
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	9,201	12,825
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	7,014	6,538
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	2,895	1,777
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	624	511
Revolving loans within revolving period	3,714	2,984
Revolving loans converted to term loans	148	102
Total retained loans	65,714	69,862
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other \| 30–119 days past due
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	190	276
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	283	279
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	259	231
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	179	78
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	53	43
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	23	17
Revolving loans within revolving period	40	19
Revolving loans converted to term loans	34	24
Total retained loans	1,061	967
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other \| 120 or more days past due
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	1	1
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	1	1
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	0	7
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	5	8
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	6	0
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	0	0
Revolving loans within revolving period	3	3
Revolving loans converted to term loans	30	17
Total retained loans	$ 46	$ 37

Fair Value Measurement - Changes in Level 3 Recurring Measurements (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Net derivative receivables:
Beginning balance	$ (1,852)	$ 673	$ (4,894)
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	528	1,023	6,726
Purchases	1,499	1,329	1,893
Sales	(3,455)	(2,645)	(3,467)
Settlements	292	(843)	587
Transfers into level 3	(181)	(269)	89
Transfers (out of) level 3	188	(1,120)	(261)
Ending balance	(2,981)	(1,852)	673
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	$ 611	$ (221)	$ 4,765
Fair Value, Net Derivative Asset (Liability), Recurring Basis, Still Held, Unrealized Gain (Loss), Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Principal Transactions Revenue, Net	Principal Transactions Revenue, Net	Principal Transactions Revenue, Net
Level 3 Rollforward Supplemental Data [Abstract]
Level 3 assets as a percentage of total firm assets at fair value	2.00%	2.00%	2.00%
Level 3 liabilities as a percentage of total firm liabilities at fair value	9.00%	8.00%	8.00%
Deposits
Liabilities:
Beginning balance	$ 1,833	$ 2,162	$ 2,317
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses	(14)	95	(292)
Purchases	0	0	0
Sales	0	0	0
Issuances	2,006	940	531
Settlements	(1,522)	(1,043)	(114)
Transfers into level 3	34	0	0
Transfers (out of) level 3	(152)	(321)	(280)
Ending balance	2,185	1,833	2,162
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financials instruments held	(44)	73	(76)
Short-term borrowings
Liabilities:
Beginning balance	1,758	1,401	2,481
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses	180	201	(358)
Purchases	0	0	0
Sales	0	0	0
Issuances	7,752	4,522	3,963
Settlements	(6,230)	(4,345)	(4,685)
Transfers into level 3	23	3	15
Transfers (out of) level 3	(7)	(24)	(15)
Ending balance	3,476	1,758	1,401
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financials instruments held	58	14	90
Total debt and equity instruments
Liabilities:
Beginning balance	37	84	30
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses	(47)	(21)	(31)
Purchases	(45)	(32)	(41)
Sales	70	9	77
Issuances	0	0	0
Settlements	0	(2)	0
Transfers into level 3	48	19	57
Transfers (out of) level 3	(17)	(20)	(8)
Ending balance	46	37	84
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financials instruments held	18	0	101
Accounts payable and other liabilities
Liabilities:
Beginning balance	52	53	69
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses	(6)	(4)	(16)
Purchases	(35)	(16)	(37)
Sales	63	24	42
Issuances	0	0	0
Settlements	0	0	0
Transfers into level 3	5	8	1
Transfers (out of) level 3	(3)	(13)	(6)
Ending balance	76	52	53
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financials instruments held	(6)	(4)	(16)
Long-term debt
Liabilities:
Beginning balance	27,726	24,092	24,374
Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses	1,475	3,010	(3,869)
Purchases	0	0	0
Sales	0	0	0
Issuances	23,920	12,679	12,714
Settlements	(18,432)	(11,555)	(8,876)
Transfers into level 3	738	229	793
Transfers (out of) level 3	(863)	(729)	(1,044)
Ending balance	34,564	27,726	24,092
Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financials instruments held	1,212	2,870	(3,447)
DVA for fair value option elected liabilities
Level 3 Rollforward Supplemental Data [Abstract]
Unrealized (gains)/losses on liabilities recorded in OCI	(50)	(158)	(529)
Interest rate
Net derivative receivables:
Beginning balance	502	701	(16)
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	745	556	187
Purchases	387	251	325
Sales	(197)	(255)	(483)
Settlements	(608)	654	329
Transfers into level 3	(172)	(1,117)	732
Transfers (out of) level 3	(356)	(288)	(373)
Ending balance	301	502	701
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	(362)	419	332
Credit
Net derivative receivables:
Beginning balance	265	13	74
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	(208)	304	226
Purchases	(2)	(60)	17
Sales	(17)	(25)	(9)
Settlements	(333)	47	(271)
Transfers into level 3	(61)	15	5
Transfers (out of) level 3	(7)	(29)	(29)
Ending balance	(363)	265	13
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	(265)	230	170
Foreign exchange
Net derivative receivables:
Beginning balance	62	489	(419)
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	248	31	726
Purchases	178	151	215
Sales	(538)	(144)	(114)
Settlements	(30)	(187)	83
Transfers into level 3	128	144	3
Transfers (out of) level 3	(28)	(422)	(5)
Ending balance	20	62	489
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	353	(80)	459
Equity
Net derivative receivables:
Beginning balance	(2,402)	(384)	(3,626)
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	(321)	191	5,016
Purchases	904	928	1,226
Sales	(2,488)	(1,931)	(2,530)
Settlements	953	(1,306)	96
Transfers into level 3	(91)	700	(656)
Transfers (out of) level 3	579	(600)	90
Ending balance	(2,866)	(2,402)	(384)
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	783	(646)	3,435
Commodity
Net derivative receivables:
Beginning balance	(279)	(146)	(907)
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	64	(59)	571
Purchases	32	59	110
Sales	(215)	(290)	(331)
Settlements	310	(51)	350
Transfers into level 3	15	(11)	5
Transfers (out of) level 3	0	219	56
Ending balance	(73)	(279)	(146)
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	102	(144)	369
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	0	0	0
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	0	0	0
Purchases	0	0	1
Sales	0	0	(1)
Settlements	0	0	(1)
Transfers into level 3	0	0	1
Transfers (out of) level 3	0	0	0
Fair value, ending balance	0	0	0
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	0	0	0
Total mortgage-backed securities
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	775	771	303
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	23	16	30
Purchases	46	249	680
Sales	(265)	(139)	(131)
Settlements	(83)	(109)	(96)
Transfers into level 3	11	9	7
Transfers (out of) level 3	(4)	(22)	(22)
Fair value, ending balance	503	775	771
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	(4)	9	29
Mortgage-backed securities, U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	758	759	265
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	18	4	31
Purchases	46	249	673
Sales	(260)	(133)	(125)
Settlements	(81)	(107)	(84)
Transfers into level 3	7	0	4
Transfers (out of) level 3	0	(14)	(5)
Fair value, ending balance	488	758	759
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	(3)	1	29
Mortgage-backed securities, Residential - nonagency
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	5	5	28
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	7	6	(1)
Purchases	0	0	7
Sales	(5)	(6)	(5)
Settlements	(2)	(1)	(12)
Transfers into level 3	4	1	0
Transfers (out of) level 3	(4)	0	(12)
Fair value, ending balance	5	5	5
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	0	1	0
Mortgage-backed securities, Commercial - nonagency
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	12	7	10
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	(2)	6	0
Purchases	0	0	0
Sales	0	0	(1)
Settlements	0	(1)	0
Transfers into level 3	0	8	3
Transfers (out of) level 3	0	(8)	(5)
Fair value, ending balance	10	12	7
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	(1)	7	0
Total debt and equity instruments
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	2,373	2,909	2,279
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	256	0	(1,082)
Purchases	1,683	2,135	2,762
Sales	(1,572)	(1,315)	(1,653)
Settlements	(419)	(984)	(654)
Transfers into level 3	1,001	728	2,445
Transfers (out of) level 3	(880)	(1,100)	(1,188)
Fair value, ending balance	2,442	2,373	2,909
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	(124)	(302)	(992)
Total debt instruments
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	2,138	2,178	1,457
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	116	111	(138)
Purchases	1,489	1,823	2,249
Sales	(1,449)	(1,076)	(1,276)
Settlements	(349)	(593)	(431)
Transfers into level 3	888	535	1,378
Transfers (out of) level 3	(689)	(840)	(1,061)
Fair value, ending balance	2,144	2,138	2,178
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	60	148	(197)
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	10	7	7
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	0	0	0
Purchases	0	1	0
Sales	0	0	0
Settlements	(3)	(1)	0
Transfers into level 3	0	3	0
Transfers (out of) level 3	(6)	0	0
Fair value, ending balance	1	10	7
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	0	0	0
Non-U.S. government debt securities
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	179	155	81
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	(6)	74	(92)
Purchases	175	217	494
Sales	(183)	(254)	(338)
Settlements	0	0	(4)
Transfers into level 3	17	22	84
Transfers (out of) level 3	(30)	(35)	(70)
Fair value, ending balance	152	179	155
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	(10)	74	(153)
Corporate debt securities
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	484	463	332
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	36	36	(30)
Purchases	459	322	404
Sales	(354)	(172)	(178)
Settlements	(181)	(41)	(100)
Transfers into level 3	13	114	357
Transfers (out of) level 3	(67)	(238)	(322)
Fair value, ending balance	390	484	463
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	45	35	(48)
Loans
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	684	759	708
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	63	(15)	(51)
Purchases	800	1,027	652
Sales	(642)	(499)	(605)
Settlements	(74)	(441)	(230)
Transfers into level 3	839	382	925
Transfers (out of) level 3	(582)	(529)	(640)
Fair value, ending balance	1,088	684	759
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	29	30	(26)
Asset-backed securities
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	6	23	26
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	0	0	5
Purchases	9	7	19
Sales	(5)	(12)	(24)
Settlements	(8)	(1)	(1)
Transfers into level 3	8	5	5
Transfers (out of) level 3	0	(16)	(7)
Fair value, ending balance	10	6	23
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	0	0	1
Equity securities
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	127	665	662
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	(21)	(53)	(1,036)
Purchases	138	164	473
Sales	(123)	(239)	(377)
Settlements	(1)	(384)	(2)
Transfers into level 3	85	192	1,066
Transfers (out of) level 3	(143)	(218)	(121)
Fair value, ending balance	62	127	665
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	(308)	(422)	(840)
Physical commodities
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	7	2	0
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	17	0	(1)
Purchases	3	7	3
Sales	0	0	0
Settlements	(1)	(2)	0
Transfers into level 3	0	0	0
Transfers (out of) level 3	0	0	0
Fair value, ending balance	26	7	2
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	16	0	(1)
Other
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	101	64	160
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	144	(58)	93
Purchases	53	141	37
Sales	0	0	0
Settlements	(68)	(5)	(221)
Transfers into level 3	28	1	1
Transfers (out of) level 3	(48)	(42)	(6)
Fair value, ending balance	210	101	64
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	108	(28)	46
Total available-for-sale securities
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	0	239	161
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	0	24	5
Purchases	0	0	88
Sales	0	(225)	0
Settlements	0	0	(15)
Transfers into level 3	8	0	0
Transfers (out of) level 3	0	(38)	0
Fair value, ending balance	8	0	239
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	0	0	5
Commercial – nonagency
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	0	0	0
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	0	0	0
Purchases	0	0	0
Sales	0	0	0
Settlements	0	0	0
Transfers into level 3	8	0	0
Transfers (out of) level 3	0	0	0
Fair value, ending balance	8	0	0
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	0	0	0
Corporate debt securities
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	0	239	161
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	0	24	5
Purchases	0	0	88
Sales	0	(225)	0
Settlements	0	0	(15)
Transfers into level 3	0	0	0
Transfers (out of) level 3	0	(38)	0
Fair value, ending balance	0	0	239
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	0	0	5
Loans
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	3,079	1,418	1,933
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	266	289	(158)
Purchases	431	2,398	568
Sales	(756)	(120)	(261)
Settlements	(993)	(1,147)	(886)
Transfers into level 3	816	1,306	1,053
Transfers (out of) level 3	(427)	(1,065)	(831)
Fair value, ending balance	2,416	3,079	1,418
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	251	293	(76)
Mortgage servicing rights
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	8,522	7,973	5,494
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	762	467	2,039
Purchases	926	1,281	2,198
Sales	(21)	(188)	(822)
Settlements	(1,068)	(1,011)	(936)
Transfers into level 3	0	0	0
Transfers (out of) level 3	0	0	0
Fair value, ending balance	9,121	8,522	7,973
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	762	467	2,039
Other assets
Assets:
Fair value, beginning balance	758	405	306
Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)	105	(36)	194
Purchases	623	525	50
Sales	(62)	(20)	(38)
Settlements	(58)	(147)	(103)
Transfers into level 3	5	45	2
Transfers (out of) level 3	(27)	(14)	(6)
Fair value, ending balance	1,344	758	405
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held	$ 88	$ (82)	$ 191

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Dividends declared:
Dividends declared, Common stock (in dollars per share)	$ 4.80	$ 4.10	$ 4.00

Loans - Wholesale Loan Portfolio, Payment Status of FDMs (Details) - Wholesale - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Secured by real estate
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	$ 354	$ 160
Secured by real estate \| Criticized nonaccrual
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	87	40
Secured by real estate \| Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	264	118
Secured by real estate \| 30–89 days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	3	2
Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	1,900	1,363
Commercial and industrial \| Criticized nonaccrual
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	672	374
Commercial and industrial \| Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	1,215	947
Commercial and industrial \| 30–89 days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	13	42
Other
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	275	609
Other \| Criticized nonaccrual
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	26	209
Other \| Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	240	400
Other \| 30–89 days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	$ 9	$ 0

Loans - Credit Card Loan Portfolio, Payment Status of FDMs and Defaults of FDMs (Details) - Credit card $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) loan_payment	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	$ 926	$ 648
Number of payments past due considered payment default for modified loans \| loan_payment	2
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	$ 811	558
30–89 days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	74	59
90 or more days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	$ 41	$ 31

Business Segments & Corporate (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Segment & Corporate results and reconciliation

Segment & Corporate results and reconciliation(a)


(Table continued on next page)
As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions, except ratios)	Consumer & Community Banking										Commercial & Investment Bank										Asset & Wealth Management
	2024			2023			2022				2024			2023			2022					2024			2023			2022
Noninterest revenue	$	16,649		$	15,118		$	14,886		(e)	$	48,253		$	43,809		$	39,538		(b)		$	15,023		$	13,560		$	12,507
Net interest income	54,858			55,030			39,928				21,861			20,544			20,097					6,555			6,267			5,241
Total net revenue	71,507			70,148			54,814				70,114			64,353			59,635					21,578			19,827			17,748
Provision for credit losses	9,974			6,899			3,813				762			2,091			2,426					(68)			159			128
Compensation expense(b)	17,045			15,171			13,092				18,191			17,105			16,214					7,984			7,115			6,336
Noncompensation expense(c)(d)	20,991			19,648			18,116				17,162			16,867			15,855					6,430			5,665			5,493
Total noninterest expense	38,036			34,819			31,208			(e)	35,353			33,972			32,069			(b)		14,414			12,780			11,829
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)	23,497			28,430			19,793				33,999			28,290			25,140					7,232			6,888			5,791
Income tax expense/(benefit)	5,894			7,198			4,877			(e)	9,153			8,018			6,002			(b)		1,811			1,661			1,426
Net income/(loss)	$	17,603		$	21,232		$	14,916			$	24,846		$	20,272		$	19,138				$	5,421		$	5,227		$	4,365
Average equity	$	54,500		$	54,349		$	50,000			$	132,000		$	137,507		$	128,000				$	15,500		$	16,671		$	17,000
Total assets	650,268			642,951			514,085				1,773,194			1,638,493			1,591,402					255,385			245,512			232,037
Return on equity	32		%	38		%	29		%		18		%	14		%	14		%			34		%	31		%	25		%
Overhead ratio	53			50			57				50			53			54					67			64			67


(Table continued from previous page)
As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions, except ratios)	Corporate							Reconciling Items(a)						Total
	2024			2023		2022		2024		2023		2022		2024				2023			2022
Noninterest revenue	$	7,608	(f)	$	132	$	(1,798)	$	(2,560)	$	(3,782)	$	(3,148)	$	84,973		(f)	$	68,837		$	61,985
Net interest income	9,786			7,906		1,878		(477)		(480)		(434)		92,583				89,267			66,710
Total net revenue	17,394			8,038		80		(3,037)		(4,262)		(3,582)		177,556				158,104			128,695
Provision for credit losses	10			171		22		—		—		—		10,678				9,320			6,389
Total noninterest expense(d)	3,994		(g)	5,601		1,034		—		—		—		91,797			(g)	87,172			76,140
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)	13,390			2,266		(976)		(3,037)		(4,262)		(3,582)		75,081				61,612			46,166
Income tax expense/(benefit)	2,789			(555)		(233)		(3,037)		(4,262)		(3,582)		16,610				12,060			8,490
Net income/(loss)	$	10,601		$	2,821	$	(743)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	58,471			$	49,552		$	37,676
Average equity	$	110,370		$	73,529	$	58,068	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	312,370			$	282,056		$	253,068
Total assets	1,323,967			1,348,437		1,328,219		NA		NA		NA		4,002,814				3,875,393			3,665,743
Return on equity	NM			NM		NM		NM		NM		NM		18		%		17		%	14		%
Overhead ratio	NM			NM		NM		NM		NM		NM		52				55			59

(c)Reflects occupancy; technology, communications and equipment; professional and outside services; marketing; and other expense. Refer to Note 6 for additional information on other expense.

(f)Included a $7.9 billion net gain related to Visa shares recorded in the second quarter of 2024. Refer to Notes 2 and 6 for additional information.

(g)Included a $1.0 billion contribution of Visa shares to the JPMorgan Chase Foundation recorded in the second quarter of 2024. Refer to Notes 2 and 6 for additional information.

Loans - Consumer, Excluding Credit Card Loan Portfolio (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 1,299,590	$ 1,280,870	$ 1,089,598
Consumer, excluding credit card
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	376,334	397,275	$ 300,753
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Residential real estate
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	309,513	326,409
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 66,821	$ 70,866

Fair Value Measurement

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Fair Value Measurement

Fair value measurement

JPMorganChase carries a portion of its assets and liabilities at fair value. These assets and liabilities are predominantly carried at fair value on a recurring basis (i.e., assets and liabilities that are measured and reported at fair value on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets). Certain assets, liabilities and unfunded lending-related commitments are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, they are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value is based on quoted market prices or inputs, where available. If prices or quotes are not available, fair value is based on valuation models and other valuation techniques that consider relevant transaction characteristics (such as maturity) and use, as inputs, observable or unobservable market parameters, including yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, prices (such as commodity, equity or debt prices), correlations, foreign exchange rates and credit curves. Fair value may also incorporate valuation adjustments.

The level of precision in estimating unobservable market inputs or other factors can affect the amount of gain or loss recorded for a particular position. Furthermore, while the Firm believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with those of other market participants, the methods and assumptions used reflect management judgment and may vary across the Firm’s businesses and portfolios.

The Firm uses various methodologies and assumptions in the determination of fair value. The use of different methodologies or assumptions by other market participants compared with those used by the Firm could result in the Firm deriving a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.

Valuation process

Risk-taking functions are responsible for providing fair value estimates for assets and liabilities carried on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The Firm’s Valuation Control Group (“VCG”), which is part of the Firm’s Finance function and independent of the risk-taking functions, is responsible for verifying these estimates and determining any fair value adjustments that may be required to ensure that the Firm’s positions are recorded at fair value. In addition, the Firm’s Valuation Governance Forum (“VGF”), which is composed of senior finance and risk executives, is responsible for overseeing the management of risks arising from valuation activities conducted across the Firm. The Firmwide VGF is chaired by the Firmwide

head of the VCG (under the direction of the Firm’s Controller), and includes sub-forums covering the CIB, CCB, AWM and certain corporate functions including Treasury and CIO.

Price verification process

The VCG verifies fair value estimates provided by the risk-taking functions by leveraging independently derived prices, valuation inputs and other market data, where available. Where independent prices or inputs are not available, the VCG performs additional review to ensure the reasonableness of the estimates. The additional review may include evaluating the limited market activity including client unwinds, benchmarking valuation inputs to those used for similar instruments, decomposing the valuation of structured instruments into individual components, comparing expected to actual cash flows, reviewing profit and loss trends, and reviewing trends in collateral valuation. There are also additional levels of management review for more significant or complex positions.

The VCG determines any valuation adjustments that may be required to the estimates provided by the risk-taking functions. No adjustments to quoted prices are applied for instruments classified within level 1 of the fair value hierarchy (refer to the discussion of the fair value hierarchy on page 182 for further information). For other positions, judgment is required to assess the need for valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect liquidity considerations, unobservable parameters, and, for certain portfolios that meet specified criteria, the size of the net open risk position. The determination of such adjustments follows a consistent framework across the Firm:

•Liquidity valuation adjustments are considered where an observable external price or valuation parameter exists but is of lower reliability, potentially due to lower market activity. Liquidity valuation adjustments are made based on current market conditions. Factors that may be considered in determining the liquidity adjustment include analysis of: (1) the estimated bid-offer spread for the instrument being traded; (2) alternative pricing points for similar instruments in active markets; and (3) the range of reasonable values that the price or parameter could take.

•The Firm manages certain portfolios of financial instruments on the basis of net open risk exposure and, as permitted by U.S. GAAP, has elected to estimate the fair value of such portfolios on the basis of a transfer of the entire net open risk position in an orderly transaction. Where this is the case, valuation adjustments may be necessary to reflect the cost of exiting a larger-than-normal market-size net open risk position. Where applied, such adjustments are

based on factors that a relevant market participant would consider in the transfer of the net open risk position, including the size of the adverse market move that is likely to occur during the period required to sufficiently reduce the net open risk position.

•Uncertainty adjustments related to unobservable parameters may be made when positions are valued using prices or input parameters to valuation models that are unobservable due to a lack of market activity or because they cannot be implied from observable market data. Such prices or parameters must be estimated and are, therefore, subject to management judgment. Adjustments are made to reflect the uncertainty inherent in the resulting valuation estimate.

•Where appropriate, the Firm also applies adjustments to its estimates of fair value in order to appropriately reflect counterparty credit quality (CVA), the Firm’s own creditworthiness (DVA) and the impact of funding (FVA), using a consistent framework across the Firm. Refer to Credit and funding adjustments on page 198 of this Note for more information on such adjustments.

Valuation model review and approval

If prices or quotes are not available for an instrument or a similar instrument, fair value is generally determined using valuation models that consider relevant transaction terms such as maturity and use as inputs market-based or independently sourced parameters. Where this is the case the price verification process described above is applied to the inputs in those models.

Under the Firm’s Estimations and Model Risk Management Policy, MRGR reviews and approves new models, as well as material changes to existing models, prior to implementation in the operating environment. In certain circumstances exceptions may be granted to the Firm’s policy to allow a model to be used prior to review or approval. MRGR may also require the user to take appropriate actions to mitigate the model risk if it is to be used in the interim. These actions will depend on the model and may include, for example, limitation of trading activity.

Fair value hierarchy

A three-level fair value hierarchy has been established under U.S. GAAP for disclosure of fair value measurements. The fair value hierarchy is based on the observability of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows.

•Level 1 – inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

•Level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

•Level 3 – one or more inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

Product/instrument

Valuation methodology

Classifications in the fair value hierarchy

Securities financing agreements

Valuations are based on discounted cash flows, which consider:

Predominantly level 2

• Derivative features: refer to the discussion of derivatives below for further information

• Market rates for the respective maturity

• Collateral characteristics

Loans and lending-related commitments — wholesale

Loans carried at fair value

(trading loans and non-trading loans) and associated

lending-related commitments

Where observable market data is available, valuations are based on:

Level 2 or 3

• Observed market prices (circumstances are infrequent)

• Relevant broker quotes

• Observed market prices for similar instruments

Where observable market data is unavailable or limited, valuations are based on discounted cash flows, which consider the following:

• Credit spreads derived from the cost of CDS; or benchmark credit curves developed by the Firm, by industry and credit rating

• Prepayment speed

• Collateral characteristics

Loans — consumer

Predominantly level 2

Loans carried at fair value — residential mortgage loans expected to be sold

Investment and trading securities

Quoted market prices

Level 1

In the absence of quoted market prices, securities are valued based on:

Level 2 or 3

• Observable market prices for similar securities

• Relevant broker quotes

• Discounted cash flows

In addition, the following inputs to discounted cash flows are used for the following products:

Mortgage- and asset-backed securities specific inputs:

• Collateral characteristics

• Deal-specific payment and loss allocations

• Current market assumptions related to yield, prepayment speed, conditional default rates and loss severity

Collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) specific inputs:

• Collateral characteristics

• Deal-specific payment and loss allocations

• Expected prepayment speed, conditional default rates, loss severity

• Credit spreads

• Credit rating data

Physical commodities

Valued using observable market prices or data.

Predominantly Level 1 or 2

Product/instrument

Valuation methodology

Classifications in the fair value hierarchy

Derivatives

Actively traded derivatives, e.g., exchange-traded derivatives, that are valued using quoted prices.

Level 1

Level 2 or 3

In addition, specific inputs used for derivatives that are valued based on models with significant unobservable inputs are as follows:

Interest rate and FX exotic derivatives specific inputs include:

• Interest rate curve

• Interest rate volatility

• Interest rate spread volatility

• Bermudan switch value

• Interest rate correlation

• Interest rate-FX correlation

• Foreign exchange correlation

Credit derivatives specific inputs include:

• Credit correlation between the underlying debt instruments

Equity derivatives specific inputs include:

• Forward equity price

• Equity volatility

• Equity correlation

• Equity-FX correlation

• Equity-IR correlation

Commodity derivatives specific inputs include:

• Forward commodity price

• Commodity volatility

• Commodity correlation

Additionally, adjustments are made to reflect counterparty credit quality (CVA) and the impact of funding (FVA). Refer to page 198 of this Note.

Mortgage servicing rights

Refer to Mortgage servicing rights in Note 15.

Level 3

Private equity direct investments

Fair value is estimated using all available information; the range of potential inputs include:

Level 2 or 3

• Transaction prices

• Trading multiples of comparable public companies

• Operating performance of the underlying portfolio company

• Adjustments as required, since comparable public companies are not identical to the company being valued, and for company-specific issues including lack of liquidity

• Additional available inputs relevant to the investment

Product/instrument

Valuation methodology

Classification in the fair value hierarchy

Fund investments (e.g., mutual/collective investment funds, private equity funds, hedge funds, and real estate funds)

Net asset value

• NAV is supported by the ability to redeem and purchase at the NAV level

Level 1

• Adjustments to the NAV as required, for restrictions on redemption (e.g., lock-up periods or withdrawal limitations) or where observable activity is limited

Level 2 or 3(a)

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs

Valued using observable market information, where available.

Level 2 or 3

In the absence of observable market information, valuations are based on the fair value of the underlying assets held by the VIE.

Structured notes (included in deposits, short-term borrowings and long-term debt)

Valuations are based on discounted cash flow analyses that consider the embedded derivative and the terms and payment structure of the note.

Level 2 or 3

(a)Excludes certain investments that are measured at fair value using the net asset value per share (or its equivalent) as a practical expedient.

The following table presents the assets and liabilities reported at fair value as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, by major product category and fair value hierarchy.


Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
	Fair value hierarchy
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Derivative netting adjustments(e)		Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	—	$	286,771	$	—	$	—	$	286,771
Securities borrowed	—		83,962		—		—		83,962
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)	—		104,312		488		—		104,800
Residential – nonagency	—		2,282		5		—		2,287
Commercial – nonagency	—		1,283		10		—		1,293
Total mortgage-backed securities	—		107,877		503		—		108,380
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies(a)	150,580		11,702		—		—		162,282
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	—		6,100		1		—		6,101
Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper	—		3,950		—		—		3,950
Non-U.S. government debt securities	34,108		54,335		152		—		88,595
Corporate debt securities	—		33,591		390		—		33,981
Loans	—		10,228		1,088		—		11,316
Asset-backed securities	—		2,813		10		—		2,823
Total debt instruments	184,688		230,596		2,144		—		417,428
Equity securities	130,307		1,359		62		—		131,728
Physical commodities(b)	5,957		1,533		26		—		7,516
Other	—		19,935		210		—		20,145
Total debt and equity instruments(c)	320,952		253,423		2,442		—		576,817
Derivative receivables:
Interest rate	4,934		282,019		3,781		(265,789)		24,945
Credit	—		10,379		708		(10,273)		814
Foreign exchange	196		261,520		1,204		(237,608)		25,312
Equity	—		82,855		2,365		(79,935)		5,285
Commodity	—		15,232		394		(11,015)		4,611
Total derivative receivables	5,130		652,005		8,452		(604,620)		60,967
Total trading assets(d)	326,082		905,428		10,894		(604,620)		637,784
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)	—		91,893		—		—		91,893
Residential – nonagency	—		4,811		—		—		4,811
Commercial – nonagency	—		4,057		8		—		4,065
Total mortgage-backed securities	—		100,761		8		—		100,769
U.S. Treasury and government agencies	234,491		288		—		—		234,779
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	—		17,913		—		—		17,913
Non-U.S. government debt securities	23,973		12,272		—		—		36,245
Corporate debt securities	—		70		—		—		70
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	—		14,943		—		—		14,943
Other(a)	—		2,133		—		—		2,133
Total available-for-sale securities	258,464		148,380		8		—		406,852
Loans(e)	—		38,934		2,416		—		41,350
Mortgage servicing rights	—		—		9,121		—		9,121
Other assets(d)	5,732		6,997		1,344		—		14,073
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	590,278	$	1,470,472	$	23,783	$	(604,620)	$	1,479,913
Deposits	$	—	$	31,583	$	2,185	$	—	$	33,768
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	—		226,329		—		—		226,329
Short-term borrowings	—		23,045		3,476		—		26,521
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments(c)	120,719		32,457		46		—		153,222
Derivative payables:
Interest rate	3,981		266,767		3,480		(264,989)		9,239
Credit	—		12,725		1,071		(11,898)		1,898
Foreign exchange	187		253,196		1,184		(238,970)		15,597
Equity	—		90,908		5,231		(87,491)		8,648
Commodity	—		14,021		467		(10,209)		4,279
Total derivative payables	4,168		637,617		11,433		(613,557)		39,661
Total trading liabilities	124,887		670,074		11,479		(613,557)		192,883
Accounts payable and other liabilities	3,100		2,717		76		—		5,893
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	—		1		—		—		1
Long-term debt	—		66,216		34,564		—		100,780
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	127,987	$	1,019,965	$	51,780	$	(613,557)	$	586,175


	Fair value hierarchy
December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Derivative netting adjustments(e)		Total fair value
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	—	$	259,813	$	—	$	—	$	259,813
Securities borrowed	—		70,086		—		—		70,086
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)	—		73,840		758		—		74,598
Residential – nonagency	—		1,921		5		—		1,926
Commercial – nonagency	—		1,362		12		—		1,374
Total mortgage-backed securities	—		77,123		775		—		77,898
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies(a)	133,997		9,998		—		—		143,995
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	—		5,858		10		—		5,868
Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper	—		756		—		—		756
Non-U.S. government debt securities	24,846		55,557		179		—		80,582
Corporate debt securities	—		32,854		484		—		33,338
Loans	—		7,872		684		—		8,556
Asset-backed securities	—		2,199		6		—		2,205
Total debt instruments	158,843		192,217		2,138		—		353,198
Equity securities	107,926		679		127		—		108,732
Physical commodities(b)	2,479		3,305		7		—		5,791
Other	—		17,879		101		—		17,980
Total debt and equity instruments(c)	269,248		214,080		2,373		—		485,701
Derivative receivables:
Interest rate	2,815		243,578		4,298		(224,367)		26,324
Credit	—		8,644		1,010		(9,103)		551
Foreign exchange	149		204,737		889		(187,756)		18,019
Equity	—		55,167		2,522		(52,761)		4,928
Commodity	—		15,234		205		(10,397)		5,042
Total derivative receivables	2,964		527,360		8,924		(484,384)		54,864
Total trading assets(d)	272,212		741,440		11,297		(484,384)		540,565
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies(a)	—		85,170		—		—		85,170
Residential – nonagency	—		3,639		—		—		3,639
Commercial – nonagency	—		2,803		—		—		2,803
Total mortgage-backed securities	—		91,612		—		—		91,612
U.S. Treasury and government agencies	57,683		122		—		—		57,805
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	—		21,367		—		—		21,367
Non-U.S. government debt securities	13,095		8,187		—		—		21,282
Corporate debt securities	—		100		—		—		100
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	—		6,752		—		—		6,752
Other(a)	—		2,786		—		—		2,786
Total available-for-sale securities	70,778		130,926		—		—		201,704
Loans(e)	—		35,772		3,079		—		38,851
Mortgage servicing rights	—		—		8,522		—		8,522
Other assets(d)	6,635		3,929		758		—		11,322
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	349,625	$	1,241,966	$	23,656	$	(484,384)	$	1,130,863
Deposits	$	—	$	76,551	$	1,833	$	—	$	78,384
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	—		169,003		—		—		169,003
Short-term borrowings	—		18,284		1,758		—		20,042
Trading liabilities:
Debt and equity instruments(c)	107,292		32,252		37		—		139,581
Derivative payables:
Interest rate	4,409		232,277		3,796		(228,586)		11,896
Credit	—		11,293		745		(10,949)		1,089
Foreign exchange	147		211,289		827		(199,643)		12,620
Equity	—		60,887		4,924		(56,443)		9,368
Commodity	—		15,894		484		(10,504)		5,874
Total derivative payables	4,556		531,640		10,776		(506,125)		40,847
Total trading liabilities	111,848		563,892		10,813		(506,125)		180,428
Accounts payable and other liabilities	3,968		1,617		52		—		5,637
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	—		1		—		—		1
Long-term debt	—		60,198		27,726		—		87,924
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	$	115,816	$	889,546	$	42,182	$	(506,125)	$	541,419

(a)At December 31, 2024 and 2023, included total U.S. GSE obligations of $120.1 billion and $78.5 billion, respectively, which were mortgage-related.

(c)Balances reflect the reduction of securities owned (long positions) by the amount of identical securities sold but not yet purchased (short positions).

Level 3 valuations

The Firm has established well-structured processes for determining fair value, including for instruments where fair value is estimated using significant unobservable inputs (level 3). Refer to pages 181–185 of this Note for further information on the Firm’s valuation process and a detailed discussion of the determination of fair value for individual financial instruments.

Estimating fair value requires the application of judgment. The type and level of judgment required is largely dependent on the amount of observable market information available to the Firm. For instruments valued using internally developed valuation models and other valuation techniques that use significant unobservable inputs and are therefore classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, judgments used to estimate fair value are more significant than those required when estimating the fair value of instruments classified within levels 1 and 2.

In arriving at an estimate of fair value for an instrument within level 3, management must first determine the appropriate valuation model or other valuation technique to use. Second, due to the lack of observability of significant inputs, management must assess relevant empirical data in deriving valuation inputs including transaction details, yield curves, interest rates, prepayment speed, default rates, volatilities, correlations, prices (such as commodity, equity or debt prices), valuations of comparable instruments, foreign exchange rates and credit curves.


Level 3 inputs(a)
December 31, 2024
Product/Instrument	Fair value (in millions)		Principal valuation technique	Unobservable inputs(g)	Range of input values	Average(i)
Residential mortgage-backed securities and loans(b)	$	861	Discounted cash flows	Yield	0%	103%	8%
				Prepayment speed	3%	13%	8%
				Conditional default rate	0%	7%	0%
				Loss severity	0%	110%	5%
Commercial mortgage-backed securities and loans(c)	1,424		Market comparables	Price	$0	$90	$81
Corporate debt securities	390		Market comparables	Price	$0	$148	$95
Loans(d)	1,730		Market comparables	Price	$0	$107	$79
Non-U.S. government debt securities	152		Market comparables	Price	$0	$103	$95
Net interest rate derivatives	293		Option pricing	Interest rate volatility	9bps	1,097bps	115bps
				Interest rate spread volatility	37bps	77bps	64bps
				Bermudan switch value	0%	45%	17%
				Interest rate correlation	(82)%	97%	64%
				IR-FX correlation	(35)%	60%	8%
	8		Discounted cash flows	Prepayment speed	0%	21%	7%
Net credit derivatives	(393)		Discounted cash flows	Credit correlation	31%	79%	47%
				Credit spread	0bps	2,717bps	331bps
				Recovery rate	10%	90%	61%
	30		Market comparables	Price	$0	$115	$74
Net foreign exchange derivatives	62		Option pricing	IR-FX correlation	(40)%	60%	22%
	(42)		Discounted cash flows	Prepayment speed	11%	11%
				Interest rate curve	1%	27%	7%
Net equity derivatives	(2,866)		Option pricing	Forward equity price(h)	76%	153%	100%
				Equity volatility	5%	135%	32%
				Equity correlation	17%	100%	56%
				Equity-FX correlation	(80)%	65%	(32)%
				Equity-IR correlation	5%	25%	14%
Net commodity derivatives	(73)		Option pricing	Oil commodity forward	$87 / BBL	$291 / BBL	$160 / BBL
				Natural gas commodity forward	$2 / MMBTU	$7 / MMBTU	$4 / MMBTU
				Commodity volatility	2%	43%	5%
				Commodity correlation	(35)%	98%	(9)%
MSRs	9,121		Discounted cash flows	Refer to Note 15
Long-term debt, short-term borrowings, and deposits(e)	38,901		Option pricing	Interest rate volatility	9bps	1,097bps	115bps
				Bermudan switch value	0%	45%	17%
				Interest rate correlation	(82)%	97%	64%
				IR-FX correlation	(35)%	60%	8%
				Equity volatility	2%	137%	28%
				Equity correlation	17%	100%	56%
				Equity-FX correlation	(80)%	65%	(32)%
				Equity-IR correlation	5%	25%	14%
	1,324		Discounted cash flows	Credit correlation	30%	57%	46%
				Credit spread	2bps	270bps	83bps
				Recovery rate	20%	40%	35%
				Yield	5%	20%	10%
				Loss severity	0%	100%	50%
Other level 3 assets and liabilities, net(f)	1,531

(b)Comprises U.S. GSE and government agency securities of $488 million, nonagency securities of $5 million and non-trading loans of $368 million.

(c)Comprises nonagency securities of $18 million, trading loans of $65 million and non-trading loans of $1.3 billion.

(d)Comprises trading loans of $1.0 billion and non-trading loans of $707 million.

(h)Forward equity price is expressed as a percentage of the current equity price.

(i)Amounts represent weighted averages except for derivative related inputs where arithmetic averages are used.

Changes in and ranges of unobservable inputs

The following discussion provides a description of the impact on a fair value measurement of a change in each unobservable input in isolation, and the interrelationship between unobservable inputs, where relevant and significant. The impact of changes in inputs may not be independent, as a change in one unobservable input may give rise to a change in another unobservable input. Where relationships do exist between two unobservable inputs, those relationships are discussed below. Relationships may also exist between observable and unobservable inputs (for example, as observable interest rates rise, unobservable prepayment rates decline); such relationships have not been included in the discussion below. In addition, for each of the individual relationships described below, the inverse relationship would also generally apply.

The following discussion also provides a description of attributes of the underlying instruments and external market factors that affect the range of inputs used in the valuation of the Firm’s positions.

Yield – The yield of an asset is the interest rate used to discount future cash flows in a discounted cash flow calculation. An increase in the yield, in isolation, would result in a decrease in a fair value measurement.

Credit spread – The credit spread is the amount of additional annualized return over the market interest rate that a market participant would demand for taking exposure to the credit risk of an instrument. The credit spread for an instrument forms part of the discount rate used in a discounted cash flow calculation. Generally, an increase in the credit spread would result in a decrease in a fair value measurement.

The yield and the credit spread of a particular mortgage-backed security primarily reflect the risk inherent in the instrument. The yield is also impacted by the absolute level of the coupon paid by the instrument (which may not correspond directly to the level of inherent risk). Therefore, the range of yield and credit spreads reflects the range of risk inherent in various instruments owned by the Firm. The risk inherent in mortgage-backed securities is driven by the subordination of the security being valued and the characteristics of the underlying mortgages within the collateralized pool, including borrower FICO scores, LTV ratios for residential mortgages and the nature of the property and/or any tenants for commercial mortgages. For corporate debt securities, obligations of U.S. states and municipalities and other similar instruments, credit spreads reflect the credit quality of the obligor and the tenor of the obligation.

Prepayment speed – The prepayment speed is a measure of the voluntary unscheduled principal repayments of a prepayable obligation in a collateralized pool. Prepayment speeds generally decline as borrower delinquencies rise. An increase in prepayment speeds, in isolation, would result in a decrease in a fair value measurement of assets valued at a premium to par and an increase in a fair value measurement of assets valued at a discount to par.

Prepayment speeds may vary from collateral pool to collateral pool, and are driven by the type and location of the underlying borrower, and the remaining tenor of the obligation as well as the level and type (e.g., fixed or floating) of interest rate being paid by the borrower. Typically collateral pools with higher borrower credit quality have a higher prepayment rate than those with lower borrower credit quality, all other factors being equal.

Conditional default rate – The conditional default rate is a measure of the reduction in the outstanding collateral balance underlying a collateralized obligation as a result of defaults. While there is typically no direct relationship between conditional default rates and prepayment speeds, collateralized obligations for which the underlying collateral has high prepayment speeds will tend to have lower conditional default rates. An increase in conditional default rates would generally be accompanied by an increase in loss severity and an increase in credit spreads. An increase in the conditional default rate, in isolation, would result in a decrease in a fair value measurement. Conditional default rates reflect the quality of the collateral underlying a securitization and the structure of the securitization itself. Based on the types of securities owned in the Firm’s market-making portfolios, conditional default rates are most typically at the lower end of the range presented.

Loss severity – The loss severity (the inverse concept is the recovery rate) is the expected amount of future realized losses resulting from the ultimate liquidation of a particular loan, expressed as the net amount of loss relative to the outstanding loan balance. An increase in loss severity is generally accompanied by an increase in conditional default rates. An increase in the loss severity, in isolation, would result in a decrease in a fair value measurement.

The loss severity applied in valuing a mortgage-backed security depends on factors relating to the underlying mortgages, including the LTV ratio, the nature of the lender’s lien on the property and other instrument-specific factors.

Correlation – Correlation is a measure of the relationship between the movements of two variables. Correlation is a pricing input for a derivative product where the payoff is driven by one or more underlying risks. Correlation inputs are related to the type of derivative (e.g., interest rate, credit, equity, foreign exchange and commodity) due to the nature of the underlying risks. When parameters are positively correlated, an increase in one parameter will result in an increase in the other parameter. When parameters are negatively correlated, an increase in one parameter will result in a decrease in the other parameter. An increase in correlation can result in an increase or a decrease in a fair value measurement. Given a short correlation position, an increase in correlation, in isolation, would generally result in a decrease in a fair value measurement.

The level of correlation used in the valuation of derivatives with multiple underlying risks depends on a number of factors including the nature of those risks. For example, the correlation between two credit risk exposures would be different than that between two interest rate risk exposures. Similarly, the tenor of the transaction may also impact the correlation input, as the relationship between the underlying risks may be different over different time periods. Furthermore, correlation levels are dependent on market conditions and could have a relatively wide range of levels within or across asset classes over time, particularly in volatile market conditions.

Volatility – Volatility is a measure of the variability in possible returns for an instrument, parameter or market index given how much the particular instrument, parameter or index changes in value over time. Volatility is a pricing input for options, including equity options, commodity options, and interest rate options. Given a long position in an option, an increase in volatility, in isolation, would generally result in an increase in a fair value measurement.

The level of volatility used in the valuation of a particular option-based derivative depends on a number of factors, including the nature of the risk underlying the option (e.g., the volatility of a particular equity security may be significantly different from that of a particular commodity index), the tenor of the derivative as well as the strike price of the option.

Bermudan switch value – The switch value is the difference between the overall value of a Bermudan swaption, which can be exercised at multiple points in time, and its most expensive European swaption and reflects the additional value that the multiple exercise dates provide the holder. Switch values are dependent on market conditions and can vary greatly depending on a number of factors, such as the tenor of the underlying swap as well as the strike price of the option. An increase in switch value, in isolation, would generally result in an increase in a fair value measurement.

Interest rate curve – The interest rate curve represents the relationship of interest rates over differing tenors. The interest rate curve is used to set interest rate and foreign exchange derivative cash flows and is also a pricing input used in the discounting of any derivative cash flow.

Forward price – The forward price is the price at which the buyer agrees to purchase the asset underlying a forward contract on the predetermined future delivery date, and is such that the value of the contract is zero at inception.

The forward price is used as an input in the valuation of certain derivatives and depends on a number of factors including interest rates, the current price of the underlying asset, and the expected income to be received and costs to be incurred by the seller as a result of holding that asset until the delivery date. An increase in the forward can result in an increase or a decrease in a fair value measurement.

Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements


	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Fair value at Jan. 1, 2024		Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)											Transfers into level 3		Transfers (out of) level 3		Fair value at Dec. 31, 2024		Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at Dec. 31, 2024
						Purchases(g)		Sales				Settlements(h)
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	—			$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	758		18			46		(260)				(81)		7		—		488		(3)
Residential – nonagency	5		7			—		(5)				(2)		4		(4)		5		—
Commercial – nonagency	12		(2)			—		—				—		—		—		10		(1)
Total mortgage-backed securities	775		23			46		(265)				(83)		11		(4)		503		(4)
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	10		—			—		—				(3)		—		(6)		1		—
Non-U.S. government debt securities	179		(6)			175		(183)				—		17		(30)		152		(10)
Corporate debt securities	484		36			459		(354)				(181)		13		(67)		390		45
Loans	684		63			800		(642)				(74)		839		(582)		1,088		29
Asset-backed securities	6		—			9		(5)				(8)		8		—		10		—
Total debt instruments	2,138		116			1,489		(1,449)				(349)		888		(689)		2,144		60
Equity securities	127		(21)			138		(123)				(1)		85		(143)		62		(308)
Physical commodities	7		17			3		—				(1)		—		—		26		16
Other	101		144			53		—				(68)		28		(48)		210		108
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments	2,373		256		(c)	1,683		(1,572)				(419)		1,001		(880)		2,442		(124)		(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate	502		745			387		(197)				(608)		(172)		(356)		301		(362)
Credit	265		(208)			(2)		(17)				(333)		(61)		(7)		(363)		(265)
Foreign exchange	62		248			178		(538)				(30)		128		(28)		20		353
Equity	(2,402)		(321)			904		(2,488)				953		(91)		579		(2,866)		783
Commodity	(279)		64			32		(215)				310		15		—		(73)		102
Total net derivative receivables	(1,852)		528		(c)	1,499		(3,455)				292		(181)		188		(2,981)		611		(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial – nonagency	—		—			—		—				—		8		—		8		—
Corporate debt securities	—		—			—		—				—		—		—		—		—
Total available-for-sale securities	—		—		(d)	—		—				—		8		—		8		—		(d)
Loans	3,079		266		(c)	431		(756)				(993)		816		(427)		2,416		251		(c)
Mortgage servicing rights	8,522		762		(e)	926		(21)				(1,068)		—		—		9,121		762		(e)
Other assets	758		105		(c)	623		(62)				(58)		5		(27)		1,344		88		(c)

	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Fair value at Jan. 1, 2024		Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses													Transfers (out of) level 3		Fair value at Dec. 31, 2024		Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at Dec. 31, 2024
						Purchases		Sales		Issuances		Settlements(h)		Transfers into level 3
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits	$	1,833	$	(14)	(c)(f)	$	—	$	—	$	2,006	$	(1,522)	$	34	$	(152)	$	2,185	$	(44)	(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings	1,758		180		(c)(f)	—		—		7,752		(6,230)		23		(7)		3,476		58		(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments	37		(47)		(c)	(45)		70		—		—		48		(17)		46		18		(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	52		(6)		(c)	(35)		63		—		—		5		(3)		76		(6)		(c)
Long-term debt	27,726		1,475		(c)(f)	—		—		23,920		(18,432)		738		(863)		34,564		1,212		(c)(f)


	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Year ended December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Fair value at Jan. 1, 2023		Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)													Transfers (out of) level 3				Fair value at Dec. 31, 2023			Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at Dec. 31, 2023
						Purchases(g)	Sales						Settlements(h)	Transfers into level 3
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	—				$	—	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	759			4			249		(133)					(107)		—		(14)			758			1
Residential – nonagency	5			6			—		(6)					(1)		1		—			5			1
Commercial – nonagency	7			6			—		—					(1)		8		(8)			12			7
Total mortgage-backed securities	771			16			249		(139)					(109)		9		(22)			775			9
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	7			—			1		—					(1)		3		—			10			—
Non-U.S. government debt securities	155			74			217		(254)					—		22		(35)			179			74
Corporate debt securities	463			36			322		(172)					(41)		114		(238)			484			35
Loans	759			(15)			1,027		(499)					(441)		382		(529)			684			30
Asset-backed securities	23			—			7		(12)					(1)		5		(16)			6			—
Total debt instruments	2,178			111			1,823		(1,076)					(593)		535		(840)			2,138			148
Equity securities	665			(53)			164		(239)					(384)		192		(218)			127			(422)
Physical commodities	2			—			7		—					(2)		—		—			7			—
Other	64			(58)			141		—					(5)		1		(42)			101			(28)
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments	2,909			—			2,135		(1,315)					(984)		728		(1,100)			2,373			(302)		(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate	701			556			251		(255)					654		(1,117)		(288)			502			419
Credit	13			304			(60)		(25)					47		15		(29)			265			230
Foreign exchange	489			31			151		(144)					(187)		144		(422)			62			(80)
Equity	(384)			191			928		(1,931)					(1,306)		700		(600)			(2,402)			(646)
Commodity	(146)			(59)			59		(290)					(51)		(11)		219			(279)			(144)
Total net derivative receivables	673			1,023		(c)	1,329		(2,645)					(843)		(269)		(1,120)			(1,852)			(221)		(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial – nonagency	—			—			—		—					—		—		—			—			—
Corporate debt securities	239			24			—		(225)					—		—		(38)			—			—
Total available-for-sale securities	239			24		(d)	—		(225)					—		—		(38)			—			—		(d)
Loans	1,418			289		(c)	2,398		(120)					(1,147)		1,306		(1,065)			3,079			293		(c)
Mortgage servicing rights	7,973			467		(e)	1,281		(188)					(1,011)		—		—			8,522			467		(e)
Other assets	405			(36)		(c)	525		(20)					(147)		45		(14)			758			(82)		(c)

	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Year ended December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Fair value at Jan. 1, 2023			Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses														Transfers (out of) level 3			Fair value at Dec. 31, 2023			Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at Dec. 31, 2023
			Purchases				Sales		Issuances				Settlements(h)	Transfers into level 3
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits	$	2,162		$	95	(c)(f)	$	—	$	—	$	940		$	(1,043)	$	—	$	(321)		$	1,833		$	73	(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings	1,401			201		(c)(f)	—		—		4,522			(4,345)		3		(24)			1,758			14		(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments	84			(21)		(c)	(32)		9		—			(2)		19		(20)			37			—
Accounts payable and other liabilities	53			(4)		(c)	(16)		24		—			—		8		(13)			52			(4)		(c)
Long-term debt	24,092			3,010		(c)(f)	—		—		12,679			(11,555)		229		(729)			27,726			2,870		(c)(f)


	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Year ended December 31, 2022 (in millions)	Fair value at Jan. 1, 2022		Total realized/unrealized gains/(losses)													Transfers (out of) level 3		Fair value at Dec. 31, 2022		Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held at Dec. 31, 2022
						Purchases(g)		Sales				Settlements(h)		Transfers into level 3
Assets:(a)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	—	$	—		$	1	$	(1)			$	(1)	$	1	$	—	$	—	$	—
Trading assets:
Debt instruments:
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	265		31			673		(125)				(84)		4		(5)		759		29
Residential – nonagency	28		(1)			7		(5)				(12)		—		(12)		5		—
Commercial – nonagency	10		—			—		(1)				—		3		(5)		7		—
Total mortgage-backed securities	303		30			680		(131)				(96)		7		(22)		771		29
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	7		—			—		—				—		—		—		7		—
Non-U.S. government debt securities	81		(92)			494		(338)				(4)		84		(70)		155		(153)
Corporate debt securities	332		(30)			404		(178)				(100)		357		(322)		463		(48)
Loans	708		(51)			652		(605)				(230)		925		(640)		759		(26)
Asset-backed securities	26		5			19		(24)				(1)		5		(7)		23		1
Total debt instruments	1,457		(138)			2,249		(1,276)				(431)		1,378		(1,061)		2,178		(197)
Equity securities	662		(1,036)			473		(377)				(2)		1,066		(121)		665		(840)
Physical commodities	—		(1)			3		—				—		—		—		2		(1)
Other	160		93			37		—				(221)		1		(6)		64		46
Total trading assets – debt and equity instruments	2,279		(1,082)		(c)	2,762		(1,653)				(654)		2,445		(1,188)		2,909		(992)		(c)
Net derivative receivables:(b)
Interest rate	(16)		187			325		(483)				329		732		(373)		701		332
Credit	74		226			17		(9)				(271)		5		(29)		13		170
Foreign exchange	(419)		726			215		(114)				83		3		(5)		489		459
Equity	(3,626)		5,016			1,226		(2,530)				96		(656)		90		(384)		3,435
Commodity	(907)		571			110		(331)				350		5		56		(146)		369
Total net derivative receivables	(4,894)		6,726		(c)	1,893		(3,467)				587		89		(261)		673		4,765		(c)
Available-for-sale securities:
Mortgage-backed securities:
Commercial – nonagency	—		—			—		—				—		—		—		—		—
Corporate debt securities	161		5			88		—				(15)		—		—		239		5
Total available-for-sale securities	161		5		(d)	88		—				(15)		—		—		239		5		(d)
Loans	1,933		(158)		(c)	568		(261)				(886)		1,053		(831)		1,418		(76)		(c)
Mortgage servicing rights	5,494		2,039		(e)	2,198		(822)				(936)		—		—		7,973		2,039		(e)
Other assets	306		194		(c)	50		(38)				(103)		2		(6)		405		191		(c)

	Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs
Year ended December 31, 2022 (in millions)	Fair value at Jan. 1, 2022		Total realized/unrealized (gains)/losses											Transfers into level 3		Transfers (out of) level 3		Fair value at Dec. 31, 2022		Change in unrealized (gains)/losses related to financial instruments held at Dec. 31, 2022
						Purchases		Sales		Issuances		Settlements(h)
Liabilities:(a)
Deposits	$	2,317	$	(292)	(c)(f)	$	—	$	—	$	531	$	(114)	$	—	$	(280)	$	2,162	$	(76)	(c)(f)
Short-term borrowings	2,481		(358)		(c)(f)	—		—		3,963		(4,685)		15		(15)		1,401		90		(c)(f)
Trading liabilities – debt and equity instruments	30		(31)		(c)	(41)		77		—		—		57		(8)		84		101		(c)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	69		(16)		(c)	(37)		42		—		—		1		(6)		53		(16)		(c)
Long-term debt	24,374		(3,869)		(c)(f)	—		—		12,714		(8,876)		793		(1,044)		24,092		(3,447)		(c)(f)

(b)All level 3 derivatives are presented on a net basis, irrespective of the underlying counterparty.

(e)Changes in fair value for MSRs are reported in mortgage fees and related income.

(g)Loan originations are included in purchases.

Level 3 analysis

Consolidated balance sheets changes

The following describes significant changes to level 3 assets since December 31, 2023, for those items measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Refer to Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis on page 199 for further information on changes impacting items measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

For the year ended December 31, 2024

Level 3 assets were $23.8 billion at December 31, 2024, reflecting an increase of $127 million from December 31, 2023.

The increase for the year ended December 31, 2024 was driven by:

•$599 million increase in MSRs.

•$586 million increase in other assets primarily due to purchases,

offset by:

•$472 million decrease in gross derivative receivables due to sales and settlements predominantly offset by gains, purchases and net transfers.

•$663 million decrease in non-trading loans due to sales and settlements largely offset by gains, purchases and net transfers.

Refer to Note 15 for information on MSRs.

Refer to the sections below for additional information.

Transfers between levels for instruments carried at

fair value on a recurring basis

During the year ended December 31, 2024, significant transfers from level 2 into level 3 included the following:

•$1.0 billion of total debt and equity instruments, predominantly trading loans, driven by a decrease in observability.

•$959 million of gross interest rate derivative receivables and $1.1 billion of gross interest rate derivative payables as a result of a decrease in observability and an increase in the significance of unobservable inputs.

•$1.6 billion of gross equity derivative receivables and $1.7 billion of gross equity derivative payables as a

result of a decrease in observability and an increase in the significance of unobservable inputs.

•$816 million of non-trading loans driven by a decrease in observability.

During the year ended December 31, 2024, significant transfers from level 3 into level 2 included the following:

•$880 million of total debt and equity instruments, predominantly trading loans and equity securities, driven by an increase in observability.

•$1.4 billion of gross equity derivative receivables and $2.0 billion of gross equity derivative payables as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.

•$863 million of long-term debt as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, significant transfers from level 2 into level 3 included the following:

•$951 million of gross interest rate derivative receivables as a result of a decrease in observability and an increase in the significance of unobservable inputs and $2.1 billion of gross interest rate derivative payables as a result of transition to term SOFR for certain interest rate options.

•$1.5 billion of gross equity derivative receivables and $829 million of gross equity derivative payables as a result of a decrease in observability and an increase in the significance of unobservable inputs.

•$1.3 billion of non-trading loans driven by a decrease in observability.

During the year ended December 31, 2023, significant transfers from level 3 into level 2 included the following:

•$1.1 billion of total debt and equity instruments, partially due to trading loans, driven by an increase in observability.

•$921 million of gross interest rate derivative receivables as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.

•$2.3 billion of gross equity derivative receivables and $1.7 billion of gross equity derivative payables as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.

•$1.1 billion of non-trading loans as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, significant transfers from level 2 into level 3 included the following:

•$2.4 billion of total debt and equity instruments, predominantly due to equity securities of $1.1 billion driven by a decrease in observability predominantly as a result of restricted access to certain markets and trading loans of $925 million driven by a decrease in observability.

•$1.6 billion of gross interest rate derivative receivables and $878 million of gross interest rate derivative payables as a result of a decrease in observability and an increase in the significance of unobservable inputs.

•$1.6 billion of gross equity derivative receivables and $2.3 billion of gross equity derivative payables as a result of a decrease in observability and an increase in the significance of unobservable inputs.

•$1.1 billion of non-trading loans driven by a decrease in observability.

•$793 million of long-term debt driven by a decrease in observability and an increase in the significance of unobservable inputs for structured notes.

During the year ended December 31, 2022, significant transfers from level 3 into level 2 included the following:

•$1.2 billion of total debt and equity instruments, largely due to trading loans, driven by an increase in observability.

•$1.2 billion of gross interest rate derivative receivables and $807 million of gross interest rate derivative payables as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.

•$2.2 billion of gross equity derivative receivables and $2.3 billion of gross equity derivative payables as a result of an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs.

•$831 million of non-trading loans driven by an increase in observability.

•$1.0 billion of long-term debt driven by an increase in observability and a decrease in the significance of unobservable inputs for structured notes.

All transfers are based on changes in the observability and/or significance of the valuation inputs and are assumed to occur at the beginning of the quarterly reporting period in which they occur.

Gains and losses

The following describes significant components of total realized/unrealized gains/(losses) for instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. These amounts exclude any effects of the Firm’s risk management activities where the financial instruments are classified as level 1 and 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Refer to Changes in level 3 recurring fair value measurements rollforward tables on pages 192–196 for further information on these instruments.

2024

•$1.9 billion of net gains on assets, predominantly driven by gains in net interest rate derivative receivables due to market movements and gains in MSRs reflecting lower prepayment speeds on higher rates.

•$1.6 billion of net losses on liabilities, predominantly driven by losses in long-term debt due to market movements.

2023

•$1.8 billion of net gains on assets, largely driven by gains in net interest rate derivative receivables due to market movements and gains in MSRs reflecting lower prepayment speeds on higher rates.

•$3.3 billion of net losses on liabilities, predominantly driven by losses in long-term debt due to market movements.

2022

•$7.7 billion of net gains on assets, predominantly driven by gains in net equity derivative receivables due to market movements and gains in MSRs reflecting lower prepayment speeds on higher rates.

•$4.6 billion of net gains on liabilities, predominantly driven by a decline in the fair value of long-term debt due to market movements.

Refer to Note 15 for information on MSRs.

Credit and funding adjustments – derivatives

Derivatives are generally valued using models that use as their basis observable market parameters. These market parameters generally do not consider factors such as counterparty nonperformance risk, the Firm’s own credit quality, and funding costs. Therefore, it is generally necessary to make adjustments to the base estimate of fair value to reflect these factors.

CVA represents the adjustment, relative to the relevant benchmark interest rate, necessary to reflect counterparty nonperformance risk. The Firm estimates CVA using a scenario analysis to estimate the expected positive credit exposure across all of the Firm’s existing positions with each counterparty, and then estimates losses based on the probability of default and estimated recovery rate as a result of a counterparty credit event considering contractual factors designed to mitigate the Firm’s credit exposure, such as collateral and legal rights of offset. The key inputs to this methodology are (i) the probability of a default event occurring for each counterparty, as derived from observed or estimated CDS spreads; and (ii) estimated recovery rates implied by CDS spreads, adjusted to consider the differences in recovery rates as a derivative creditor relative to those reflected in CDS spreads, which generally reflect senior unsecured creditor risk.

FVA represents the adjustment to reflect the impact of funding and is recognized where there is evidence that a market participant in the principal market would incorporate it in a transfer of the instrument. The Firm’s FVA framework, applied to uncollateralized (including partially collateralized) over-the-counter (“OTC”) derivatives incorporates key inputs such as: (i) the expected funding requirements arising from the Firm’s positions with each counterparty and collateral arrangements; and (ii) the estimated market funding cost in the principal market which, for derivative liabilities, considers the Firm’s credit risk (DVA). For collateralized derivatives, the fair value is estimated by discounting expected future cash flows at the relevant overnight indexed swap rate given the underlying collateral agreement with the counterparty, and therefore a separate FVA is not necessary.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Credit and funding adjustments:
Derivatives CVA	$	29	$	221	$	22
Derivatives FVA	99		114		42

Valuation adjustments on fair value option elected liabilities

The valuation of the Firm’s liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected requires consideration of the Firm’s own credit risk. DVA on fair value option elected liabilities reflects changes (subsequent to the issuance of the liability) in the Firm’s probability of default and LGD, which are estimated based on changes in the Firm’s credit spread observed in the bond market. Realized (gains)/losses due to DVA for fair value option elected liabilities are reported in principal transactions revenue. Unrealized (gains)/losses are reported in OCI. Refer to page 196 in this Note and Note 24 for further information.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis


December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Fair value hierarchy						Total fair value
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Loans	$	—	$	738	$	694	$	1,432
Other assets(a)	—		9		1,048		1,057
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	$	—	$	747	$	1,742	$	2,489


December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Fair value hierarchy						Total fair value
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Loans	$	—	$	599	$	1,156	$	1,755
Other assets	—		52		1,334		1,386
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis	$	—	$	651	$	2,490	$	3,141

Nonrecurring fair value changes


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Loans	$	(302)	$	(276)	$	(55)
Other assets(a)	(610)		(789)		(409)
Accounts payable and other liabilities	—		—		(83)
Total nonrecurring fair value gains/(losses)	$	(912)	$	(1,065)	$	(547)

Equity securities without readily determinable fair values

The Firm measures certain equity securities without readily determinable fair values at cost less impairment (if any), plus or minus observable price changes from an identical or similar investment of the same issuer (i.e., measurement alternative), with such changes recognized in other income.

In its determination of the new carrying values upon observable price changes, the Firm may adjust the prices if deemed necessary to arrive at the Firm’s estimated fair values. Such adjustments may include adjustments to reflect the different rights and obligations of similar securities, and other adjustments that are consistent with the Firm’s valuation techniques for private equity direct investments.


As of or for the year ended December 31,
(in millions)	2024		2023
Other assets
Carrying value(a)	$	3,737	$	4,457
Upward carrying value changes(b)	89		93
Downward carrying value changes/impairment(c)	(286)		(325)

(a)The period-end carrying values reflect cumulative purchases and sales in addition to upward and downward carrying value changes.

(b)The cumulative upward carrying value changes between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2024 were $1.1 billion.

(c)The cumulative downward carrying value changes/impairment between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2024 were $(1.5) billion.

Included in other assets above is the Firm’s interest in approximately 18.6 million Visa Class B-2 common shares ("Visa B-2 shares") and 37.2 million Visa Class B common shares (“Visa B shares”) reflected in the Firm's principal investment portfolio as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Visa B shares were redenominated to Visa Class B-1 common shares (“Visa B-1 shares”) on January 24, 2024. On April 8, 2024, Visa commenced an initial exchange offer for any and all outstanding Visa B-1 shares. On May 6, 2024, the Firm announced that Visa had accepted the Firm’s tender of its 37.2 million Visa B-1 shares in exchange for a combination of Visa B-2 shares and Visa Class C common shares (“Visa C shares”), resulting in an initial gain of $8.0 billion based on the fair value of the Visa C shares. In addition, the second quarter of 2024 also reflected other Visa-related activity, including the fair value changes of the Visa C shares and derivative instruments, as well as dividends, resulting in the $7.9 billion net gain on Visa shares in the quarter. As of September 30, 2024, the Firm had disposed of all of its Visa C shares through sales in the second and third quarters of 2024 and through a $1.0 billion contribution to the Firm’s Foundation in the second quarter of 2024.

The Visa B-2 shares are subject to certain transfer restrictions and are convertible into Visa Class A common shares (“Visa A shares”) at a specified conversion rate upon final resolution of certain litigation matters involving Visa. The conversion rate of Visa B-2 shares to Visa A shares was 1.5430 at December 31, 2024 and may be adjusted by Visa depending on developments related to the litigation matters. The outcome of those litigation matters, and the effect that the resolution of those matters may have on the conversion rate, is unknown. Accordingly, as of December 31, 2024, there is significant uncertainty regarding when the transfer restrictions on Visa B-2 shares may be terminated and what the final conversion rate for the Visa B-2 shares will be. As a result of these considerations, as well as differences in voting rights, Visa B-2 shares are not considered to be similar to Visa A shares, and are held at their nominal carryover basis.

Separately, in connection with sales of Visa B shares prior to 2024, the Firm has entered into derivative instruments with the purchasers of the shares under which the Firm retains the risk associated with changes in the conversion rate. Under the terms of the derivative instruments, the Firm will (a) make or receive payments based on subsequent changes in the conversion rate and (b) make periodic interest payments to the purchasers of the Visa B shares. The payments under the derivative instruments will continue as long as the Visa B-2 shares associated with the previously sold Visa B shares remain subject to transfer restrictions. The derivative instruments are accounted for at fair value using a discounted cash flow methodology based upon the Firm’s estimate of the timing and magnitude of final resolution of the litigation matters. The derivative instruments are recorded in trading liabilities, and changes in fair value are recognized in other income. The notional amount of shares associated with those derivative instruments has been adjusted as a result of the Visa exchange offer. As of December 31, 2024, the Firm held derivative instruments associated with 11.6 million Visa B-2 shares related to Visa B share sales prior to 2024, which are all subject to similar terms and conditions.

Additional disclosures about the fair value of financial instruments that are not carried on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value

U.S. GAAP requires disclosure of the estimated fair value of certain financial instruments, which are included in the following table. However, this table does not include other items, such as nonfinancial assets, intangible assets, certain financial instruments, and customer relationships. In the opinion of management, these items, in the aggregate, add significant value to JPMorganChase.

Financial instruments for which carrying value approximates fair value

Certain financial instruments that are not carried at fair value on the Consolidated balance sheets are carried

at amounts that approximate fair value, due to their short-term nature and generally negligible credit risk. These instruments include cash and due from banks, deposits with banks, federal funds sold, securities purchased under resale agreements and securities borrowed, short-term receivables and accrued interest receivable, short-term borrowings, federal funds purchased, securities loaned and sold under repurchase agreements, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities. In addition, U.S. GAAP requires that the fair value of deposit liabilities with no stated maturity (i.e., demand, savings and certain money market deposits) be equal to their carrying value; recognition of the inherent funding value of these instruments is not permitted.


	December 31, 2024										December 31, 2023
			Estimated fair value hierarchy										Estimated fair value hierarchy
(in billions)	Carrying value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total estimated fair value		Carrying value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total estimated fair value
Financial assets
Cash and due from banks	$	23.4	$	23.4	$	—	$	—	$	23.4	$	29.1	$	29.1	$	—	$	—	$	29.1
Deposits with banks	445.9		445.8		0.1		—		445.9		595.1		594.6		0.5		—		595.1
Accrued interest and accounts receivable	101.1		—		101.0		0.1		101.1		107.1		—		107.0		0.1		107.1
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	8.2		—		8.2		—		8.2		16.3		—		16.3		—		16.3
Securities borrowed	135.6		—		135.6		—		135.6		130.3		—		130.3		—		130.3
Investment securities, held-to-maturity	274.5		97.4		150.5		—		247.9		369.8		160.6		182.2		—		342.8
Loans, net of allowance for loan losses(a)	1,282.3		—		268.7		1,007.8		1,276.5		1,262.5		—		285.6		964.6		1,250.2
Other	82.7		—		81.3		1.6		82.9		76.1		—		74.9		1.4		76.3
Financial liabilities
Deposits	$	2,372.3	$	—	$	2,372.5	$	—	$	2,372.5	$	2,322.3	$	—	$	2,322.6	$	—	$	2,322.6
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	70.5		—		70.5		—		70.5		47.5		—		47.5		—		47.5
Short-term borrowings	26.4		—		26.3		—		26.3		24.7		—		24.7		—		24.7
Accounts payable and other liabilities(b)	232.8		—		219.6		12.6		232.2		241.8		—		233.3		8.1		241.4
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	27.3		—		27.4		—		27.4		23.0		—		23.0		—		23.0
Long-term debt	300.6		—		251.2		50.7		301.9		303.9		—		252.2		51.3		303.5

(b)Excludes lending-related commitments disclosed in the table below.


	December 31, 2024										December 31, 2023
			Estimated fair value hierarchy										Estimated fair value hierarchy
(in billions)	Carrying value(a)(b)(c)		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total estimated fair value		Carrying value(a)(b)(c)		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total estimated fair value
Wholesale lending-related commitments	$	2.7	$	—	$	—	$	4.4	$	4.4	$	3.0	$	—	$	—	$	4.8	$	4.8

(a)Excludes the current carrying values of the guarantee liability and the offsetting asset, each of which is recognized at fair value at the inception of the guarantees.

(b)Includes the wholesale allowance for lending-related commitments.

The Firm does not estimate the fair value of consumer off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. In many cases, the Firm can reduce or cancel these commitments with or without notice to the borrower, as permitted by law, or in accordance with the contract. Refer to page 183 of this Note for a further discussion of the valuation of lending-related commitments.

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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Concentrations of credit exposure

Noninterest Revenue and Noninterest Expense - Investment Banking Fees (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Schedule of Non interest Revenue [Line Items]
Total underwriting	$ 5,632	$ 3,759	$ 3,707
Advisory	3,278	2,760	2,979
Total investment banking fees	8,910	6,519	6,686
Equity
Schedule of Non interest Revenue [Line Items]
Total underwriting	1,687	1,149	975
Debt
Schedule of Non interest Revenue [Line Items]
Total underwriting	$ 3,945	$ 2,610	$ 2,732

Credit Risk Concentrations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Risks and Uncertainties [Abstract]


	2024								2023
	Credit exposure(h)		On-balance sheet				Off-balance sheet(i)		Credit exposure(h)		On-balance sheet				Off-balance sheet(i)
December 31, (in millions)			Loans		Derivatives						Loans		Derivatives
Consumer, excluding credit card	$	437,654	$	392,810	$	—	$	44,844	$	455,496	$	410,093	$	—	$	45,403
Credit card(a)	1,234,171		232,860		—		1,001,311		1,126,781		211,123		—		915,658
Total consumer(a)	1,671,825		625,670		—		1,046,155		1,582,277		621,216		—		961,061
Wholesale(b)
Real Estate	207,050		169,506		310		37,234		208,261		166,372		420		41,469
Individuals and Individual Entities(c)	144,145		130,317		1,259		12,569		145,849		126,339		725		18,785
Asset Managers	135,541		58,720		15,695		61,126		129,574		52,178		9,925		67,471
Consumer & Retail	129,815		46,509		1,608		81,698		127,086		46,274		2,013		78,799
Technology, Media & Telecommunications	84,716		21,449		2,448		60,819		77,296		22,450		2,451		52,395
Industrials	72,530		24,011		2,035		46,484		75,092		26,548		1,335		47,209
Healthcare	64,224		23,243		616		40,365		65,025		23,169		1,577		40,279
Banks & Finance Companies	61,287		40,239		3,890		17,158		57,177		33,941		2,898		20,338
Utilities	35,871		6,172		2,631		27,068		36,061		7,067		3,396		25,598
State & Municipal Govt(d)	35,039		19,279		372		15,388		35,986		20,019		442		15,525
Automotive	34,336		17,696		794		15,846		33,977		17,459		428		16,090
Oil & Gas	31,724		7,226		1,153		23,345		34,475		8,480		705		25,290
Insurance	24,267		2,533		9,703		12,031		20,501		2,535		7,138		10,828
Chemicals & Plastics	20,782		6,176		267		14,339		20,773		6,458		441		13,874
Transportation	17,019		5,380		769		10,870		16,060		5,080		555		10,425
Metals & Mining	15,860		4,425		564		10,871		15,508		4,655		274		10,579
Central Govt	13,862		4,715		6,285		2,862		17,704		5,463		10,669		1,572
Securities Firms	9,443		1,878		3,197		4,368		8,689		865		3,285		4,539
Financial Markets Infrastructure	4,446		16		2,410		2,020		4,251		86		2,155		2,010
All other(e)	140,873		100,906		4,961		35,006		134,777		97,034		4,032		33,711
Subtotal	1,282,830		690,396		60,967		531,467		1,264,122		672,472		54,864		536,786
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value	31,922		31,922		—		—		30,018		30,018		—		—
Receivables from customers(f)	51,929		—		—		—		47,625		—		—		—
Total wholesale	1,366,681		722,318		60,967		531,467		1,341,765		702,490		54,864		536,786
Total exposure(g)	$	3,038,506	$	1,347,988	$	60,967	$	1,577,622	$	2,924,042	$	1,323,706	$	54,864	$	1,497,847

(a)Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CIB.

(i)Represents lending-related financial instruments.

Employee Share-Based Incentives

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Employee Share-Based Incentives

Employee share-based incentives

Employee share-based awards

In 2024, 2023 and 2022, JPMorganChase granted long-term share-based awards to certain employees under its LTIP, as amended and restated effective May 18, 2021, and subsequently amended effective May 21, 2024. Under the terms of the LTIP, as of December 31, 2024, 81 million shares of common stock were available for issuance through May 2028. The LTIP is the only active plan under which the Firm is currently granting share-based incentive awards. In the following discussion, the LTIP constitutes the Firm’s share-based incentive plans.

RSUs are awarded at no cost to the recipient upon their grant. Generally, RSUs are granted annually and vest at a rate of 50% after two years and 50% after three years and are converted into shares of common stock as of the vesting date. In addition, RSUs typically include full-career eligibility provisions, which allow employees to continue to vest upon voluntary termination based on age and/or service-related requirements, subject to post-employment and other restrictions. All RSU awards are subject to forfeiture until vested and contain clawback provisions that may result in cancellation under certain specified circumstances. Predominantly all RSUs entitle the recipient to receive cash payments equivalent to any dividends paid on the underlying common stock during the period the RSUs are outstanding.

Performance share units (“PSUs”) are granted annually, and approved by the Firm’s Board of Directors, to members of the Firm’s Operating Committee under the variable compensation program. PSUs are subject to the Firm’s achievement of specified performance criteria over a three-year period. The number of awards that vest can range from zero to 150% of the grant amount. In addition, dividends that accrue during the vesting period are reinvested in dividend equivalent share units. PSUs and the related dividend equivalent share units are converted into shares of common stock after vesting.

Once the PSUs and dividend equivalent share units have vested, the shares of common stock that are delivered, after applicable tax withholding, must be retained for an additional holding period, for a total combined vesting and holding period of approximately five to eight years from the grant date depending on regulations in certain countries.

Under the LTI Plans, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) were granted with an exercise price equal to the fair value of JPMorganChase’s common stock on the grant date. SARs expire ten years after the grant date. There were no grants of SARs in 2024, 2023 or 2022.

The Firm separately recognizes compensation expense for each tranche of each award, net of estimated forfeitures, as if it were a separate award with its own vesting date. Generally, for each tranche granted, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis from the grant date until the vesting date of the respective tranche, provided that the employees will not become full-career eligible during the vesting period. For awards with full-career eligibility provisions and awards granted with no future substantive service requirement, the Firm accrues the estimated value of awards expected to be awarded to employees as of the grant date without giving consideration to the impact of post-employment restrictions. For each tranche granted to employees who will become full-career eligible during the vesting period, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis from the grant date until the earlier of the employee’s full-career eligibility date or the vesting date of the respective tranche.

The Firm’s policy for issuing shares upon settlement of employee share-based incentive awards is to issue either new shares of common stock or treasury shares. During 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Firm settled all of its employee share-based awards by issuing treasury shares.

Refer to Note 23 for further information on the classification of share-based awards for purposes of calculating earnings per share.

RSUs, PSUs and SARs activity

Generally, compensation expense for RSUs and PSUs is measured based on the number of units granted multiplied by the stock price at the grant date, and for SARs, is measured at the grant date using the Black-Scholes valuation model. Compensation expense for these awards is recognized in net income as described previously. The following table summarizes JPMorganChase’s RSUs, PSUs and SARs activity for 2024.


	RSUs/PSUs			SARs
Year ended December 31, 2024	Number of units	Weighted-average grant date fair value		Number of awards	Weighted-average exercise price		Weighted-average remaining contractual life (in years)	Aggregate intrinsic value
(in thousands, except weighted-average data, and where otherwise stated)
Outstanding, January 1	52,243	$	141.31	2,250	$	152.19
Granted	20,020	166.74		—	—
Exercised or vested	(19,542)	143.02		—	—
Forfeited	(2,112)	147.41		—	—
Canceled	NA	NA		—	—
Outstanding, December 31	50,609	$	150.41	2,250	$	152.19	6.7	$	198,113
Exercisable, December 31	NA	NA		—	—		—	—

The total fair value of RSUs and PSUs that vested during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, was $3.5 billion, $2.5 billion and $3.2 billion, respectively. There were no SARs exercised in 2024. The total intrinsic value of SARs exercised during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, was $24 million and $75 million, respectively.

Compensation expense

The Firm recognized the following noncash compensation expense related to its various employee share-based incentive plans in its Consolidated statements of income.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Cost of prior grants of RSUs, PSUs and SARs that are amortized over their applicable vesting periods	$	1,622	$	1,510	$	1,253
Accrual of estimated costs of share-based awards to be granted in future periods, predominantly those to full-career eligible employees	1,882		1,607		1,541
Total noncash compensation expense related to employee share-based incentive plans	$	3,504	$	3,117	$	2,794

At December 31, 2024, approximately $963 million (pretax) of compensation expense related to unvested awards had not yet been charged to net income. That cost is expected to be amortized into compensation expense over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years. The Firm does not capitalize any compensation expense related to share-based compensation awards to employees.

Tax benefits

Income tax benefits (including tax benefits from dividends or dividend equivalents) related to share-based incentive arrangements recognized in the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, were $1.0 billion, $836 million and $901 million, respectively.

Variable Interest Entities - Programs Under Proportional Amortization Method (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Programs for which the Firm elected proportional amortization:
Carrying value	$ 31,978	$ 14,644	$ 12,052
Tax credits and other tax benefits	6,379	2,044	1,786
Investments that qualify to be accounted for using proportional amortization:
Amortization losses recognized as a component of income tax expense	(5,018)	(1,561)	(1,353)
Non-income-tax-related gains/(losses) and other returns received that are recognized outside of income tax expense	$ 142	$ (1)	$ (1)
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Applied, Amortization Expense, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Income tax expense	Income tax expense	Income tax expense
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Applied, Amortization Expense, Statement Of Cash Flows, Not Disclosed Flag	Amortization losses recognized as a component of income tax expense	Amortization losses recognized as a component of income tax expense	Amortization losses recognized as a component of income tax expense
Investment, Proportional Amortization Method, Elected, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other	Other	Other
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Elected, Income Tax Credit and Other Income Tax Benefit, before Amortization, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Income tax expense	Income tax expense	Income tax expense
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Elected, Income Tax Credit and Other Income Tax Benefit, before Amortization, Statement of Cash Flows [Extensible Enumeration]	Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities	Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities	Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Applied, Non-Income-Tax-Related Activity and Other Return, Statement of Income or Comprehensive Income [Extensible Enumeration]	Other income	Other income	Other income
Investment Program, Proportional Amortization Method, Applied, Non-Income-Tax-Related Activity and Other Return, Statement of Cash Flows [Extensible Enumeration]	Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities	Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities	Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Operating Activities

Basis of Presentation (Policies)	12 Months Ended
Basis of Presentation (Policies)	Dec. 31, 2024
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]
Basis of presentation policy	The accounting and financial reporting policies of JPMorganChase and its subsidiaries conform to U.S. GAAP. Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by regulatory authorities.
Consolidation policy	The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of JPMorganChase and other entities in which the Firm has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Assets held for clients in an agency or fiduciary capacity by the Firm are not assets of JPMorganChase and are not included on the Consolidated balance sheets. The Firm determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a variable interest entity. Voting interest entities Voting interest entities are entities that have sufficient equity and provide the equity investors voting rights that enable them to make significant decisions relating to the entity’s operations. For these types of entities, the Firm’s determination of whether it has a controlling interest is primarily based on the amount of voting equity interests held. Entities in which the Firm has a controlling financial interest, through ownership of the majority of the entities’ voting equity interests, or through other contractual rights that give the Firm control, are consolidated by the Firm. Investments in companies in which the Firm has significant influence over operating and financing decisions (but does not own a majority of the voting equity interests) are accounted for (i) in accordance with the equity method of accounting, or (ii) at fair value if the fair value option was elected. These investments are generally included in other assets, with income or loss included in noninterest revenue. Certain Firm-sponsored asset management funds are structured as limited partnerships or limited liability companies. For many of these entities, the Firm is the general partner or managing member, but the non-affiliated partners or members have the ability to remove the Firm as the general partner or managing member without cause (i.e., kick-out rights), based on a simple majority vote, or the non-affiliated partners or members have rights to participate in important decisions. Accordingly, the Firm does not consolidate these voting interest entities. However, in the limited cases where the non-managing partners or members do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights, the Firm evaluates the funds as VIEs and consolidates the funds if the Firm is the general partner or managing member and has both power and a potentially significant interest. The Firm’s investment companies and asset management funds have investments in both publicly-held and privately-held entities, including investments in buyouts, growth equity and venture opportunities. These investments are accounted for under investment company guidelines and, accordingly, irrespective of the percentage of equity ownership interests held, are carried on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value, and are recorded in other assets, with income or loss included in noninterest revenue. If consolidated, the Firm retains the accounting under such specialized investment company guidelines. Variable interest entities VIEs are entities that, by design, either (1) lack sufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties, or (2) have equity investors that do not have the ability to make significant decisions relating to the entity’s operations through voting rights, or do not have the obligation to absorb the expected losses, or do not have the right to receive the residual returns of the entity. The most common type of VIE is an SPE. SPEs are commonly used in securitization transactions in order to isolate certain assets and distribute the cash flows from those assets to investors. The basic SPE structure involves a company selling assets to the SPE; the SPE funds the purchase of those assets by issuing securities to investors. The legal documents that govern the transaction specify how the cash earned on the assets must be allocated to the SPE’s investors and other parties that have rights to those cash flows. SPEs are generally structured to insulate investors from claims on the SPE’s assets by creditors of other entities, including the creditors of the seller of the assets. The primary beneficiary of a VIE (i.e., the party that has a controlling financial interest) is required to consolidate the assets and liabilities of the VIE. The primary beneficiary is the party that has both (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and (2) through its interests in the VIE, the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. To assess whether the Firm has the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, the Firm considers all the facts and circumstances, including its role in establishing the VIE and its ongoing rights and responsibilities. This assessment includes, first, identifying the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and second, identifying which party, if any, has power over those activities. In general, the parties that make the most significant decisions affecting the VIE (such as asset managers, collateral managers, servicers, or owners of call options or liquidation rights over the VIE’s assets) or have the right to unilaterally remove those decision-makers are deemed to have the power to direct the activities of a VIE. To assess whether the Firm has the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, the Firm considers all of its economic interests, including debt and equity investments, servicing fees, and derivatives or other arrangements deemed to be variable interests in the VIE. This assessment requires that the Firm apply judgment in determining whether these interests, in the aggregate, are considered potentially significant to the VIE. Factors considered in assessing significance include: the design of the VIE, including its capitalization structure; subordination of interests; payment priority; relative share of interests held across various classes within the VIE’s capital structure; and the reasons why the interests are held by the Firm. The Firm performs on-going reassessments of: (1) whether entities previously evaluated under the majority voting-interest framework have become VIEs, based on certain events, and are therefore subject to the VIE consolidation framework; and (2) whether changes in the facts and circumstances regarding the Firm’s involvement with a VIE cause the Firm’s consolidation conclusion to change.
Revenue recognition policy	Interest income The Firm recognizes interest income on loans, debt securities, and other debt instruments, generally on a level-yield basis, based on the underlying contractual rate. Refer to Note 7 for further information. Revenue from contracts with customers JPMorganChase recognizes noninterest revenue from certain contracts with customers, in investment banking fees, deposit-related fees, asset management fees, commissions and other fees, and components of card income, when the Firm’s related performance obligations are satisfied. Refer to Note 6 for further discussion of the Firm’s revenue from contracts with customers. Principal transactions revenue JPMorganChase carries a portion of its assets and liabilities at fair value. Changes in fair value are reported primarily in principal transactions revenue. Refer to Notes 2 and 3 for further discussion of fair value measurement. Refer to Note 6 for further discussion of principal transactions revenue. Investment banking fees This revenue category includes debt and equity underwriting and advisory fees. As an underwriter, the Firm helps clients raise capital via public offering and private placement of various types of debt and equity instruments. Underwriting fees are primarily based on the issuance price and quantity of the underlying instruments, and are recognized as revenue typically upon execution of the client’s transaction. The Firm also manages and syndicates loan arrangements. Credit arrangement and syndication fees, included within debt underwriting fees, are recorded as revenue after satisfying certain retention, timing and yield criteria. The Firm also provides advisory services by assisting its clients with mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, restructuring and other complex transactions. Advisory fees are recognized as revenue typically upon execution of the client’s transaction. Principal transactions Principal transactions revenue is driven by many factors, including: •the bid-offer spread, which is the difference between the price at which a market participant is willing and able to sell an instrument to the Firm and the price at which another market participant is willing and able to buy it from the Firm, and vice versa; and •realized and unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments and commodities transactions, including those accounted for under the fair value option, primarily used in client-driven market-making activities. –Realized gains and losses result from the sale of instruments, closing out or termination of transactions, or interim cash payments. –Unrealized gains and losses result from changes in valuation. In connection with its client-driven market-making activities, the Firm transacts in debt and equity instruments, derivatives and commodities, including physical commodities inventories and financial instruments that reference commodities. Principal transactions revenue also includes realized and unrealized gains and losses related to: •derivatives designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships, primarily fair value hedges of commodity and foreign exchange risk; •derivatives used for specific risk management purposes, primarily to mitigate credit, foreign exchange and interest rate risks. Refer to Note 5 for further information on the income statement classification of gains and losses from derivatives activities. In the financial commodity markets, the Firm transacts in OTC derivatives (e.g., swaps, forwards, options) and ETD that reference a wide range of underlying commodities. In the physical commodity markets, the Firm primarily purchases and sells precious and base metals, natural gas, and may hold other commodities inventories under financing and other arrangements with clients. Lending- and deposit-related fees Lending-related fees include fees earned from loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other loan-servicing activities. Deposit-related fees include fees earned from performing cash management activities, and providing overdraft and other deposit account services. Deposit-related fees also include the impact of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees. Lending- and deposit-related fees are recognized over the period in which the related service is provided. Asset management fees Investment management fees include fees associated with assets the Firm manages on behalf of its clients, including investors in Firm-sponsored funds and owners of separately managed investment accounts. Management fees are typically based on the value of assets under management and are collected and recognized at the end of each period over which the management services are provided and the value of the managed assets is known. The Firm also receives performance-based management fees, which are earned based on exceeding certain benchmarks or other performance targets and are accrued and recognized when the probability of reversal is remote, typically at the end of the related billing period. All other asset management fees include commissions earned on the sales or distribution of mutual funds to clients. These fees are recorded as revenue at the time the service is rendered or, in the case of certain distribution fees, based on the underlying fund’s asset value or investor redemption activity. Commissions and other fees This revenue category includes commissions and fees from brokerage and custody services, and other products. Brokerage commissions represents commissions earned when the Firm acts as a broker, by facilitating its clients’ purchases and sales of securities and other financial instruments. Brokerage commissions are collected and recognized as revenue upon occurrence of the client transaction. The Firm reports certain costs paid to third-party clearing houses and exchanges net against commission revenue. Administration fees predominantly include fees for custody, funds services, securities lending and securities clearance. These fees are recorded as revenue over the period in which the related service is provided. Mortgage fees and related income This revenue category reflects CCB’s Home Lending production and net mortgage servicing revenue. Production revenue includes fees and income recognized as earned on mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell, and the impact of risk management activities associated with the mortgage pipeline and warehouse loans. Production revenue also includes gains and losses on sales and lower of cost or fair value adjustments on mortgage loans held-for-sale (excluding certain repurchased loans insured by U.S. government agencies), and changes in the fair value of financial instruments measured under the fair value option. Net mortgage servicing revenue includes operating revenue earned from servicing third-party mortgage loans, which is recognized over the period in which the service is provided; changes in the fair value of MSRs; the impact of risk management activities associated with MSRs; and gains and losses on securitization of excess mortgage servicing. Net mortgage servicing revenue also includes gains and losses on sales and lower of cost or fair value adjustments of certain repurchased loans insured by U.S. government agencies. Refer to Note 15 for further information on risk management activities and MSRs. Net interest income from mortgage loans is recorded in interest income. Card income This revenue category includes interchange and other income from credit and debit card transactions; and fees earned from processing card transactions for merchants, both of which are recognized when purchases are made by a cardholder and presented net of certain transaction-related costs. Card income also includes account origination costs and annual fees, which are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period. Certain credit card products offer the cardholder the ability to earn points based on account activity, which the cardholder can choose to redeem for cash and non-cash rewards. The cost to the Firm related to these proprietary rewards programs varies based on multiple factors including the terms and conditions of the rewards programs, cardholder activity, cardholder reward redemption rates and cardholder reward selections. The Firm maintains a liability for its obligations under its rewards programs and reports the current-period cost as a reduction of card income. Credit card revenue sharing agreements The Firm has contractual agreements with numerous co-brand partners that grant the Firm exclusive rights to issue co-branded credit card products and market them to the customers of such partners. These partners endorse the co-brand credit card programs and provide their customer or member lists to the Firm. The partners may also conduct marketing activities and provide rewards redeemable under their own loyalty programs that the Firm will grant to co-brand credit cardholders based on account activity. The terms of these agreements generally range from five to ten years. The Firm typically makes payments to the co-brand credit card partners based on the cost of partners’ marketing activities and loyalty program rewards provided to credit cardholders, new account originations and sales volumes. Payments to partners based on marketing efforts undertaken by the partners are expensed by the Firm as incurred and reported as marketing expense. Payments for partner loyalty program rewards are reported as a reduction of card income when incurred. Payments to partners based on new credit card account originations are accounted for as direct loan origination costs and are deferred and recognized as a reduction of card income on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period. Payments to partners based on sales volumes are reported as a reduction of card income when the related interchange income is earned.
Use of estimates in the preparation of consolidated financial statements policy	The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expense, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could be different from these estimates.
Foreign currency translation policy	JPMorganChase revalues assets, liabilities, revenue and expense denominated in non-U.S. currencies into U.S. dollars using applicable exchange rates. Gains and losses relating to translating functional currency financial statements for U.S. reporting are included in the Consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Gains and losses relating to nonfunctional currency transactions, including non-U.S. operations where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar, are reported in the Consolidated statements of income.
Offsetting assets and liabilities policy	U.S. GAAP permits entities to present derivative receivables and derivative payables with the same counterparty and the related cash collateral receivables and payables on a net basis on the Consolidated balance sheets when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. U.S. GAAP also permits securities sold and purchased under repurchase agreements and securities borrowed or loaned under securities loan agreements to be presented net when specified conditions are met, including the existence of a legally enforceable master netting agreement. The Firm has elected to net such balances where it has determined that the specified conditions are met. The Firm uses master netting agreements to mitigate counterparty credit risk in certain transactions, including derivative contracts, resale, repurchase, securities borrowed and securities loaned agreements. A master netting agreement is a single agreement with a counterparty that permits multiple transactions governed by that agreement to be terminated or accelerated and settled through a single payment in a single currency in the event of a default (e.g., bankruptcy, failure to make a required payment or securities transfer or deliver collateral or margin when due). Upon the exercise of derivatives termination rights by the non-defaulting party (i) all transactions are terminated, (ii) all transactions are valued and the positive values of “in the money” transactions are netted against the negative values of “out of the money” transactions and (iii) the only remaining payment obligation is of one of the parties to pay the netted termination amount. Upon exercise of default rights under repurchase agreements and securities loan agreements in general (i) all transactions are terminated and accelerated, (ii) all values of securities or cash held or to be delivered are calculated, and all such sums are netted against each other and (iii) the only remaining payment obligation is of one of the parties to pay the netted termination amount. Typical master netting agreements for these types of transactions also often contain a collateral/margin agreement that provides for a security interest in, or title transfer of, securities or cash collateral/margin to the party that has the right to demand margin (the “demanding party”). The collateral/margin agreement typically requires a party to transfer collateral/margin to the demanding party with a value equal to the amount of the margin deficit on a net basis across all transactions governed by the master netting agreement, less any threshold. The collateral/margin agreement grants to the demanding party, upon default by the counterparty, the right to set-off any amounts payable by the counterparty against any posted collateral or the cash equivalent of any posted collateral/margin. It also grants to the demanding party the right to liquidate collateral/margin and to apply the proceeds to an amount payable by the counterparty. When the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to a master netting agreement with a counterparty and where other relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP are met, the Firm nets, on the Consolidated balance sheets, the balances outstanding under its securities financing agreements with the same counterparty. In addition, the Firm exchanges securities and/or cash collateral with its counterparty to reduce the economic exposure with the counterparty, but such collateral is not eligible for net Consolidated balance sheet presentation. Where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the counterparty master netting agreement, such collateral, along with securities financing balances that do not meet all these relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP, is presented in the table below as “Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets,” and reduces the “Net amounts” presented. Where a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, the securities financing balances are presented gross in the “Net amounts” below. In transactions where the Firm is acting as the lender in a securities-for-securities lending agreement and receives securities that can be pledged or sold as collateral, the Firm recognizes the securities received at fair value within other assets and the obligation to return those securities within accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.
Statements of cash flows policy	For JPMorganChase’s Consolidated statements of cash flows, cash is defined as those amounts included in cash and due from banks and deposits with banks on the Consolidated balance sheets.
Accounting standards adopted policy	Accounting standard adopted January 1, 2024 Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method The guidance expanded the types of tax-oriented investments, beyond affordable housing tax credit investments, that the Firm can elect on a program by program basis, to be accounted for using the proportional amortization method. This method requires the cost of eligible investments, within an elected program, to be amortized in proportion to the tax benefits received with the resulting amortization reported directly in income tax expense, which aligns with the associated tax credits and other tax benefits. Eligible investments must meet certain criteria, including that substantially all of the return is from income tax credits and other income tax benefits. This guidance was adopted on January 1, 2024 under the modified retrospective method. The adoption of this guidance resulted in a change to the classification and timing of the amortization associated with certain of the Firm's alternative energy tax-oriented investments. As a result of the adoption, the amortization of these investments that was previously recognized in other income is now recognized in income tax expense. The change in accounting resulted in a decrease to retained earnings of $161 million and increased the Firm’s income tax expense and the effective tax rate by approximately $450 million and two percentage points, respectively, in the first quarter of 2024, with no material impact to net income. The guidance requires additional disclosure for all investments that generate income tax credits and other income tax benefits from a tax-oriented investment program for which the Firm has elected to apply the proportional amortization method. The guidance also requires a reevaluation of eligible investments when significant modifications or events occur that result in a change in the nature of the investment or a change in the Firm's relationship with the underlying project. Refer to Notes 6, 14 and 25 for additional information. Accounting standards adopted January 1, 2023 Derivatives and Hedging: Fair Value Hedging – Portfolio Layer Method The adoption of this guidance expanded the ability to hedge a portfolio of fixed-rate assets in a qualifying hedge accounting relationship. As permitted by the guidance, the Firm elected to transfer HTM securities to AFS and designated those securities in a portfolio layer method hedge upon adoption. The adoption impact of the transfer on retained earnings was not material. Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”) The adoption of this guidance eliminated the requirement to measure the allowance for TDRs using a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology and allowed the option of a non-DCF portfolio-based approach for modified loans to troubled borrowers. The Firm elected this option for all portfolios of modified loans to troubled borrowers except collateral-dependent loans and nonaccrual risk-rated loans, for which the Firm elected to continue applying a DCF methodology. The adoption of this guidance under the modified retrospective method on January 1, 2023, resulted in a $446 million increase to retained earnings.
Fair value policy	JPMorganChase carries a portion of its assets and liabilities at fair value. These assets and liabilities are predominantly carried at fair value on a recurring basis (i.e., assets and liabilities that are measured and reported at fair value on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets). Certain assets, liabilities and unfunded lending-related commitments are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis; that is, they are not measured at fair value on an ongoing basis but are subject to fair value adjustments only in certain circumstances (for example, when there is evidence of impairment).
Fair value option policy	The fair value option provides an option to elect fair value for selected financial assets, financial liabilities, unrecognized firm commitments, and written loan commitments. The Firm has elected to measure certain instruments at fair value for several reasons including to mitigate income statement volatility caused by the differences between the measurement basis of elected instruments (e.g., certain instruments that otherwise would be accounted for on an accrual basis) and the associated risk management arrangements that are accounted for on a fair value basis, as well as to better reflect those instruments that are managed on a fair value basis. The Firm’s election of fair value includes the following instruments: •Loans purchased or originated as part of securitization warehousing activity, subject to bifurcation accounting, or managed on a fair value basis, including lending-related commitments •Certain securities financing agreements •Owned beneficial interests in securitized financial assets that contain embedded credit derivatives, which would otherwise be required to be separately accounted for as a derivative instrument •Structured notes and other hybrid instruments, which are predominantly financial instruments that contain embedded derivatives, that are issued or transacted as part of client-driven activities •Certain long-term beneficial interests issued by CIB’s consolidated securitization trusts where the underlying assets are carried at fair value
Derivatives policy	All free-standing derivatives that the Firm executes for its own account are required to be recorded on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value. As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm nets derivative assets and liabilities, and the related cash collateral receivables and payables, when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between the Firm and the derivative counterparty. Refer to Note 1 for further discussion of the offsetting of assets and liabilities. The accounting for changes in value of a derivative depends on whether or not the transaction has been designated and qualifies for hedge accounting. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges are reported and measured at fair value through earnings. The tabular disclosures on pages 213–221 of this Note provide additional information on the amount of, and reporting for, derivative assets, liabilities, gains and losses. Refer to Notes 2 and 3 for a further discussion of derivatives embedded in structured notes. Derivatives designated as hedges The Firm applies hedge accounting to certain derivatives executed for risk management purposes – generally interest rate, foreign exchange and commodity derivatives. However, JPMorganChase does not seek to apply hedge accounting to all of the derivatives associated with the Firm’s risk management activities. For example, the Firm does not apply hedge accounting to purchased CDS used to manage the credit risk of loans and lending-related commitments, because of the difficulties in qualifying such contracts as hedges. For the same reason, the Firm does not apply hedge accounting to certain interest rate, foreign exchange, and commodity derivatives used for risk management purposes. To qualify for hedge accounting, a derivative must be highly effective at reducing the risk associated with the exposure being hedged. In addition, for a derivative to be designated as a hedge, the risk management objective and strategy must be documented. Hedge documentation must identify the derivative hedging instrument, the asset or liability or forecasted transaction and type of risk to be hedged, and how the effectiveness of the derivative is assessed prospectively and retrospectively. To assess effectiveness, the Firm uses statistical methods such as regression analysis, nonstatistical methods such as dollar-value comparisons of the change in the fair value of the derivative to the change in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item, and qualitative comparisons of critical terms and the evaluation of any changes in those terms. The extent to which a derivative has been, and is expected to continue to be, highly effective at offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item must be assessed and documented at least quarterly. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective at hedging the designated exposure, hedge accounting is discontinued. There are three types of hedge accounting designations: fair value hedges, cash flow hedges and net investment hedges. JPMorganChase uses fair value hedges primarily to hedge fixed-rate long-term debt, AFS securities and certain commodities inventories. For qualifying fair value hedges, the changes in the fair value of the derivative, and in the value of the hedged item for the risk being hedged, are recognized in earnings. Certain amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recorded in OCI and recognized in earnings over the life of the derivative. If the hedge relationship is terminated, then the adjustment to the hedged item continues to be reported as part of the basis of the hedged item and, for interest-bearing financial instruments, is amortized to earnings as a yield adjustment. Derivative amounts affecting earnings are recognized consistent with the classification of the hedged item – primarily net interest income and principal transactions revenue. The Firm employs the portfolio layer method to manage the interest rate risk of portfolios of fixed-rate assets. Throughout the life of the open hedge, basis adjustments are maintained at the portfolio level and are only allocated to individual assets under certain circumstances. These include instances where the portfolio amount falls below the hedged layer amounts, or in cases of voluntary de-designation. JPMorganChase uses cash flow hedges primarily to hedge the exposure to variability in forecasted cash flows from floating-rate assets and liabilities and foreign currency–denominated revenue and expense. For qualifying cash flow hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded in OCI and recognized in earnings as the hedged item affects earnings. Derivative amounts affecting earnings are recognized consistent with the classification of the hedged item – primarily noninterest revenue, net interest income and compensation expense. If the hedge relationship is terminated, then the change in value of the derivative recorded in AOCI is recognized in earnings when the cash flows that were hedged affect earnings. For hedge relationships that are discontinued because a forecasted transaction is expected to not occur according to the original hedge forecast, any related derivative values recorded in AOCI are immediately recognized in earnings. JPMorganChase uses net investment hedges to protect the value of the Firm’s net investments in certain non-U.S. subsidiaries or branches whose functional currencies are not the U.S. dollar. For qualifying net investment hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivatives due to changes in spot foreign exchange rates are recorded in OCI as translation adjustments. Amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recorded directly in earnings.
Interest income and interest expense policy	Interest income and interest expense are recorded in the Consolidated statements of income and classified based on the nature of the underlying asset or liability. Interest income and interest expense includes the current-period interest accruals for financial instruments measured at fair value, except for derivatives and certain financial instruments containing embedded derivatives; for those instruments, all changes in fair value including any interest elements, are primarily reported in principal transactions revenue. For financial instruments that are not measured at fair value, the related interest is included within interest income or interest expense, as applicable. Interest income and interest expense also includes the effect of derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting where applicable. Interest income on loans and securities include the amortization and accretion of purchase premiums and discounts, as well as net deferred fees and costs on loans. These amounts are deferred in loans and investment securities, respectively, and recognized on a level-yield basis.
Pension and other postretirement plans policy	The Firm has various defined benefit pension plans and OPEB plans that provide benefits to its employees in the U.S. and certain non-U.S. locations. Substantially all the defined benefit pension plans are closed to new participants. The principal defined benefit pension plan in the U.S., which covered substantially all U.S. employees, was closed to new participants and frozen for existing participants on January 1, 2020, (and January 1, 2019 for new hires on or after December 2, 2017). Interest credits continue to accrue to participants’ accounts based on their accumulated balances. The Firm maintains funded and unfunded postretirement benefit plans that provide medical and life insurance for certain eligible employees and retirees as well as their dependents covered under these programs. None of these plans have a material impact on the Firm’s Consolidated Financial Statements. The Firm also provides a qualified defined contribution plan in the U.S. and maintains other similar arrangements in certain non-U.S. locations. The most significant of these plans is the JPMorgan Chase 401(k) Savings Plan (“the 401(k) Savings Plan”), which covers substantially all U.S. employees. Employees can contribute to the 401(k) Savings Plan on a pretax and/or Roth 401(k) after-tax basis. The Firm makes annual matching and pay credit contributions to the 401(k) Savings Plan on behalf of eligible participants.
Share-based compensation, option and incentive plans policy	RSUs are awarded at no cost to the recipient upon their grant. Generally, RSUs are granted annually and vest at a rate of 50% after two years and 50% after three years and are converted into shares of common stock as of the vesting date. In addition, RSUs typically include full-career eligibility provisions, which allow employees to continue to vest upon voluntary termination based on age and/or service-related requirements, subject to post-employment and other restrictions. All RSU awards are subject to forfeiture until vested and contain clawback provisions that may result in cancellation under certain specified circumstances. Predominantly all RSUs entitle the recipient to receive cash payments equivalent to any dividends paid on the underlying common stock during the period the RSUs are outstanding. Performance share units (“PSUs”) are granted annually, and approved by the Firm’s Board of Directors, to members of the Firm’s Operating Committee under the variable compensation program. PSUs are subject to the Firm’s achievement of specified performance criteria over a three-year period. The number of awards that vest can range from zero to 150% of the grant amount. In addition, dividends that accrue during the vesting period are reinvested in dividend equivalent share units. PSUs and the related dividend equivalent share units are converted into shares of common stock after vesting. Once the PSUs and dividend equivalent share units have vested, the shares of common stock that are delivered, after applicable tax withholding, must be retained for an additional holding period, for a total combined vesting and holding period of approximately five to eight years from the grant date depending on regulations in certain countries. Under the LTI Plans, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) were granted with an exercise price equal to the fair value of JPMorganChase’s common stock on the grant date. SARs expire ten years after the grant date. There were no grants of SARs in 2024, 2023 or 2022. The Firm separately recognizes compensation expense for each tranche of each award, net of estimated forfeitures, as if it were a separate award with its own vesting date. Generally, for each tranche granted, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis from the grant date until the vesting date of the respective tranche, provided that the employees will not become full-career eligible during the vesting period. For awards with full-career eligibility provisions and awards granted with no future substantive service requirement, the Firm accrues the estimated value of awards expected to be awarded to employees as of the grant date without giving consideration to the impact of post-employment restrictions. For each tranche granted to employees who will become full-career eligible during the vesting period, compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis from the grant date until the earlier of the employee’s full-career eligibility date or the vesting date of the respective tranche. The Firm’s policy for issuing shares upon settlement of employee share-based incentive awards is to issue either new shares of common stock or treasury shares. During 2024, 2023 and 2022, the Firm settled all of its employee share-based awards by issuing treasury shares.
Investment securities policy	Investment securities consist of debt securities that are classified as AFS or HTM. Debt securities classified as trading assets are discussed in Note 2. Predominantly all of the Firm’s AFS and HTM securities are held by Treasury and CIO in connection with its asset-liability management activities. AFS securities are carried at fair value on the Consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized gains and losses, after any applicable hedge accounting adjustments or allowance for credit losses, are reported in AOCI. The specific identification method is used to determine realized gains and losses on AFS securities, which are included in investment securities gains/(losses) on the Consolidated statements of income. HTM securities, which the Firm has the intent and ability to hold until maturity, are carried at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses, on the Consolidated balance sheets. For both AFS and HTM securities, purchase discounts or premiums are generally amortized into interest income on a level-yield basis over the contractual life of the security. However, premiums on certain callable debt securities are amortized to the earliest call date. Risk ratings are used to identify the credit quality of securities and differentiate risk within the portfolio. The Firm’s internal risk ratings generally align with the qualitative characteristics (e.g., borrower capacity to meet financial commitments and vulnerability to changes in the economic environment) defined by S&P and Moody’s, however the quantitative characteristics (e.g., probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”)) may differ as they reflect internal historical experiences and assumptions. Risk ratings are assigned at acquisition, reviewed on a regular and ongoing basis by Credit Risk Management and adjusted as necessary over the life of the investment for updated information affecting the issuer’s ability to fulfill its obligations.
Allowance for credit losses policy	AFS securities are considered impaired if the fair value is less than the amortized cost. The Firm recognizes impairment losses in earnings if the Firm has the intent to sell the debt security, or if it is more likely than not that the Firm will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost. In these circumstances the impairment loss is recognized in investment securities gains/(losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and is equal to the full difference between the amortized cost (net of allowance if applicable) and the fair value of the security. For impaired debt securities that the Firm has the intent and ability to hold, the securities are evaluated to determine if a credit loss exists. If it is determined that a credit loss exists, that loss is recognized as an allowance for credit losses through the provision for credit losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income, limited by the amount of impairment. Any impairment on debt securities that the Firm has the intent and ability to hold not due to credit losses is recorded in OCI. Factors considered in evaluating credit losses include adverse conditions specifically related to the industry, geographic area or financial condition of the issuer or underlying collateral of a security; and payment structure of the security. When assessing securities issued in a securitization for credit losses, the Firm estimates cash flows considering relevant market and economic data, underlying loan-level data, and structural features of the securitization, such as subordination, excess spread, overcollateralization or other forms of credit enhancement, and compares the losses projected for the underlying collateral (“pool losses”) against the level of credit enhancement in the securitization structure to determine whether these features are sufficient to absorb the pool losses, or whether a credit loss exists. For beneficial interests in securitizations that are rated below “AA” at their acquisition, or that can be contractually prepaid or otherwise settled in such a way that the Firm would not recover substantially all of its recorded investment, the Firm evaluates impairment for credit losses when there is an adverse change in expected cash flows. HTM securities – credit risk Allowance for credit losses The allowance for credit losses on HTM securities represents expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the securities. The allowance for credit losses on HTM obligations of U.S. states and municipalities and commercial mortgage-backed securities is calculated by applying statistical credit loss factors (estimated PD and LGD) to the amortized cost. The credit loss factors are derived using a weighted average of five internally developed eight-quarter macroeconomic scenarios, followed by a single year straight-line interpolation to revert to long run historical information for periods beyond the forecast period. Refer to Note 13 for further information on the eight-quarter macroeconomic forecast. The allowance for credit losses on HTM collateralized loan obligations and U.S. residential mortgage-backed securities is calculated as the difference between the amortized cost and the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected, discounted at the security’s effective interest rate. These cash flow estimates are developed based on expectations of underlying collateral performance derived using the eight-quarter macroeconomic forecast and the single year straight-line interpolation, as well as considering the structural features of the security. The application of different inputs and assumptions into the calculation of the allowance for credit losses is subject to significant management judgment, and emphasizing one input or assumption over another, or considering other inputs or assumptions, could affect the estimate of the allowance for credit losses on HTM securities. Credit quality indicator The primary credit quality indicator for HTM securities is the risk rating assigned to each security. The Firm’s allowance for credit losses represents management's estimate of expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the Firm's financial assets measured at amortized cost and certain off-balance sheet lending-related commitments. The allowance for credit losses generally comprises: •the allowance for loan losses, which covers the Firm’s retained loan portfolios (scored and risk-rated), •the allowance for lending-related commitments, which is presented on the Consolidated balance sheets in accounts payable and other liabilities, and •the allowance for credit losses on investment securities, which is reflected in investment securities on the Consolidated balance sheets. The income statement effect of all changes in the allowance for credit losses is recognized in the provision for credit losses. Determining the appropriateness of the allowance for credit losses is complex and requires significant judgment by management about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. At least quarterly, the allowance for credit losses is reviewed by the CRO, the CFO and the Controller of the Firm. Subsequent evaluations of credit exposures, considering the macroeconomic conditions, forecasts and other factors then prevailing, may result in significant changes in the allowance for credit losses in future periods. The Firm’s policies used to determine its allowance for loan losses and its allowance for lending-related commitments are described in the following paragraphs. Refer to Note 10 for a description of the policies used to determine the allowance for credit losses on investment securities. Methodology for allowances for loan losses and lending-related commitments The allowance for loan losses and allowance for lending-related commitments represents expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of retained loans and lending-related commitments that are not unconditionally cancellable. The Firm does not record an allowance for future draws on unconditionally cancellable lending-related commitments (e.g., credit cards). Expected losses related to accrued interest on credit card loans are considered in the Firm’s allowance for loan losses. However, the Firm does not record an allowance on other accrued interest receivables, due to its policy to write these receivables off no later than 90 days past due by reversing interest income. The expected life of each instrument is determined by considering its contractual term, expected prepayments, cancellation features, and certain extension and call options. The expected life of funded credit card loans is generally estimated by considering expected future payments on the credit card account, and determining how much of those amounts should be allocated to repayments of the funded loan balance (as of the balance sheet date) versus other account activity. This allocation is made using an approach that incorporates the payment application requirements of the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009, generally paying down the highest interest rate balances first. The estimate of expected credit losses includes expected recoveries of amounts previously charged off or expected to be charged off, even if such recoveries result in a negative allowance. Collective and Individual Assessments When calculating the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for lending-related commitments, the Firm assesses whether exposures share similar risk characteristics. If similar risk characteristics exist, the Firm estimates expected credit losses collectively, considering the risk associated with a particular pool and the probability that the exposures within the pool will deteriorate or default. The assessment of risk characteristics is subject to significant management judgment. Emphasizing one characteristic over another or considering additional characteristics could affect the allowance. •Relevant risk characteristics for the consumer portfolio include product type, delinquency status, current FICO scores, geographic distribution, and, for collateralized loans, current LTV ratios. •Relevant risk characteristics for the wholesale portfolio include risk rating, delinquency status, tenor, level and type of collateral, LOB, geography, industry, credit enhancement, product type, facility purpose, and payment terms. The majority of the Firm’s credit exposures share risk characteristics with other similar exposures, and as a result are collectively assessed for impairment (“portfolio-based component”). The portfolio-based component covers consumer loans, performing risk-rated loans and certain lending-related commitments. If an exposure does not share risk characteristics with other exposures, the Firm generally estimates expected credit losses on an individual basis, considering expected repayment and conditions impacting that individual exposure (“asset-specific component”). The asset-specific component covers collateral-dependent loans and risk-rated loans that have been placed on nonaccrual status. Portfolio-based component The portfolio-based component begins with a quantitative calculation that considers the likelihood of the borrower changing delinquency status or moving from one risk rating to another. The quantitative calculation covers expected credit losses over an instrument’s expected life and is estimated by applying credit loss factors to the Firm’s estimated exposure at default. The credit loss factors incorporate the probability of borrower default as well as loss severity in the event of default. They are derived using a weighted average of five internally developed macroeconomic scenarios over an eight-quarter forecast period, followed by a single year straight-line interpolation to revert to long run historical information for periods beyond the eight-quarter forecast period. The five macroeconomic scenarios consist of a central, relative adverse, extreme adverse, relative upside and extreme upside scenario, and are updated by the Firm’s central forecasting team. The scenarios take into consideration the Firm’s macroeconomic outlook, internal perspectives from subject matter experts across the Firm, and market consensus and involve a governed process that incorporates feedback from senior management across LOBs, Corporate Finance and Risk Management. The quantitative calculation is adjusted to take into consideration model imprecision, emerging risk assessments, trends and other subjective factors that are not yet reflected in the calculation. These adjustments are accomplished in part by analyzing the historical loss experience, including during stressed periods, for each major product or model. Management applies judgment in making this adjustment, including taking into account uncertainties associated with the economic and political conditions, quality of underwriting standards, borrower behavior, credit concentrations or deterioration within an industry, product or portfolio, as well as other relevant internal and external factors affecting the credit quality of the portfolio. In certain instances, the interrelationships between these factors create further uncertainties. The application of different inputs into the quantitative calculation, and the assumptions used by management to adjust the quantitative calculation, are subject to significant management judgment, and emphasizing one input or assumption over another, or considering other inputs or assumptions, could affect the estimate of the allowance for loan losses and the allowance for lending-related commitments. Asset-specific component To determine the asset-specific component of the allowance, collateral-dependent loans (including those loans for which foreclosure is probable) and nonaccrual risk-rated loans in the wholesale portfolio segment are generally evaluated individually. For collateral-dependent loans, the fair value of collateral less estimated costs to sell, as applicable, is used to determine the charge-off amount for declines in value (to reduce the amortized cost of the loan to the fair value of collateral) or the amount of negative allowance that should be recognized (for recoveries of prior charge-offs associated with improvements in the fair value of the collateral). For non-collateral dependent loans, the Firm generally measures the asset-specific allowance as the difference between the amortized cost of the loan and the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected, discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate. Subsequent changes in impairment are generally recognized as an adjustment to the allowance for loan losses. The asset-specific component of the allowance for non-collateral dependent loans incorporates the effect of the modification on the loan’s expected cash flows including changes in interest rates, principal forgiveness, and other concessions, as well as management’s expectation of the borrower’s ability to repay under the modified terms. Estimating the timing and amounts of future cash flows is highly judgmental as these cash flow projections rely upon estimates such as loss severities, asset valuations, the amounts and timing of interest or principal payments (including any expected prepayments) or other factors that are reflective of current and expected market conditions. These estimates are, in turn, dependent on factors such as the duration of current overall economic conditions, industry, portfolio, or borrower-specific factors, the expected outcome of insolvency proceedings as well as, in certain circumstances, other economic factors. All of these estimates and assumptions require significant management judgment and certain assumptions are highly subjective. Other financial assets In addition to loans and investment securities, the Firm holds other financial assets that are measured at amortized cost on the Consolidated balance sheets, including credit exposures arising from lending activities subject to collateral maintenance requirements. Management estimates the allowance for other financial assets using various techniques considering historical losses and current economic conditions. Credit risk arising from lending activities subject to collateral maintenance requirements is generally mitigated by factors such as the short-term nature of the activity, the fair value of collateral held and the Firm’s right to call for, and the borrower’s obligation to provide additional margin when the fair value of the collateral declines. Because of these mitigating factors, these exposures generally do not require an allowance for credit losses. However, management may also consider other factors such as the borrower’s ongoing ability to provide collateral to satisfy margin requirements, or whether collateral is significantly concentrated in an individual issuer or in securities with similar risk characteristics. If in management’s judgment, an allowance for credit losses for these exposures is required, the Firm estimates expected credit losses based on the value of the collateral and probability of borrower default.
Securities borrowed and loaned policy	JPMorganChase enters into resale, repurchase, securities borrowed and securities loaned agreements (collectively, “securities financing agreements”) primarily to finance the Firm’s inventory positions, acquire securities to cover short sales, accommodate customers’ financing needs, settle other securities obligations and to deploy the Firm’s excess cash. Securities financing agreements are treated as collateralized financings on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets. Where appropriate under applicable accounting guidance, securities financing agreements with the same counterparty are reported on a net basis. Refer to Note 1 for further discussion of the offsetting of assets and liabilities. Fees received and paid in connection with securities financing agreements are recorded over the life of the agreement in interest income and interest expense on the Consolidated statements of income. The Firm has elected the fair value option for certain securities financing agreements. Refer to Note 3 for further information regarding the fair value option. The securities financing agreements for which the fair value option has been elected are reported within securities purchased under resale agreements, securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements, and securities borrowed on the Consolidated balance sheets. Generally, for agreements carried at fair value, current-period interest accruals are recorded within interest income and interest expense, with changes in fair value reported in principal transactions revenue. However, for financial instruments containing embedded derivatives that would be separately accounted for in accordance with accounting guidance for hybrid instruments, all changes in fair value, including any interest elements, are reported in principal transactions revenue. Securities financing agreements not elected under the fair value option are measured at amortized cost. As a result of the Firm’s credit risk mitigation practices described below, the Firm did not hold any allowance for credit losses with respect to resale and securities borrowed arrangements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Credit risk mitigation practices Securities financing agreements expose the Firm primarily to credit and liquidity risk. To manage these risks, the Firm monitors the value of the underlying securities (predominantly high-quality securities collateral, including government-issued debt and U.S. GSEs and government agencies MBS) that it has received from or provided to its counterparties compared to the value of cash proceeds and exchanged collateral, and either requests additional collateral or returns securities or collateral when appropriate. Margin levels are initially established based upon the counterparty, the type of underlying securities, and the permissible collateral, and are monitored on an ongoing basis. In resale and securities borrowed agreements, the Firm is exposed to credit risk to the extent that the value of the securities received is less than initial cash principal advanced and any collateral amounts exchanged. In repurchase and securities loaned agreements, credit risk exposure arises to the extent that the value of underlying securities advanced exceeds the value of the initial cash principal received, and any collateral amounts exchanged. Additionally, the Firm typically enters into master netting agreements and other similar arrangements with its counterparties, which provide for the right to liquidate the underlying securities and any collateral amounts exchanged in the event of a counterparty default. It is also the Firm’s policy to take possession, where possible, of the securities underlying resale and securities borrowed agreements. Refer to Note 29 for further information regarding assets pledged and collateral received in securities financing agreements.
Repurchase and resale agreements policy	JPMorganChase enters into resale, repurchase, securities borrowed and securities loaned agreements (collectively, “securities financing agreements”) primarily to finance the Firm’s inventory positions, acquire securities to cover short sales, accommodate customers’ financing needs, settle other securities obligations and to deploy the Firm’s excess cash. Securities financing agreements are treated as collateralized financings on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets. Where appropriate under applicable accounting guidance, securities financing agreements with the same counterparty are reported on a net basis. Refer to Note 1 for further discussion of the offsetting of assets and liabilities. Fees received and paid in connection with securities financing agreements are recorded over the life of the agreement in interest income and interest expense on the Consolidated statements of income. The Firm has elected the fair value option for certain securities financing agreements. Refer to Note 3 for further information regarding the fair value option. The securities financing agreements for which the fair value option has been elected are reported within securities purchased under resale agreements, securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements, and securities borrowed on the Consolidated balance sheets. Generally, for agreements carried at fair value, current-period interest accruals are recorded within interest income and interest expense, with changes in fair value reported in principal transactions revenue. However, for financial instruments containing embedded derivatives that would be separately accounted for in accordance with accounting guidance for hybrid instruments, all changes in fair value, including any interest elements, are reported in principal transactions revenue. Securities financing agreements not elected under the fair value option are measured at amortized cost. As a result of the Firm’s credit risk mitigation practices described below, the Firm did not hold any allowance for credit losses with respect to resale and securities borrowed arrangements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Credit risk mitigation practices Securities financing agreements expose the Firm primarily to credit and liquidity risk. To manage these risks, the Firm monitors the value of the underlying securities (predominantly high-quality securities collateral, including government-issued debt and U.S. GSEs and government agencies MBS) that it has received from or provided to its counterparties compared to the value of cash proceeds and exchanged collateral, and either requests additional collateral or returns securities or collateral when appropriate. Margin levels are initially established based upon the counterparty, the type of underlying securities, and the permissible collateral, and are monitored on an ongoing basis. In resale and securities borrowed agreements, the Firm is exposed to credit risk to the extent that the value of the securities received is less than initial cash principal advanced and any collateral amounts exchanged. In repurchase and securities loaned agreements, credit risk exposure arises to the extent that the value of underlying securities advanced exceeds the value of the initial cash principal received, and any collateral amounts exchanged. Additionally, the Firm typically enters into master netting agreements and other similar arrangements with its counterparties, which provide for the right to liquidate the underlying securities and any collateral amounts exchanged in the event of a counterparty default. It is also the Firm’s policy to take possession, where possible, of the securities underlying resale and securities borrowed agreements. Refer to Note 29 for further information regarding assets pledged and collateral received in securities financing agreements.
Loans receivable policy	The accounting for a loan depends on management’s strategy for the loan. The Firm accounts for loans based on the following categories: •Originated or purchased loans held-for-investment (i.e., “retained”) •Loans held-for-sale •Loans at fair value The following provides a detailed accounting discussion of the Firm’s loans by category: Loans held-for-investment Originated or purchased loans held-for-investment, including PCD, are recorded at amortized cost, reflecting the principal amount outstanding, net of the following: unamortized deferred loan fees, costs, premiums or discounts; charge-offs; collection of cash; and foreign exchange. Credit card loans also include billed finance charges and fees. Interest income Interest income on performing loans held-for-investment is accrued and recognized as interest income at the contractual rate of interest. Purchase price discounts or premiums, as well as net deferred loan fees or costs, are recognized in interest income over the contractual life of the loan as an adjustment of yield. The Firm classifies accrued interest on loans, including accrued but unbilled interest on credit card loans, in accrued interest and accounts receivables on the Consolidated balance sheets. For credit card loans, accrued interest once billed is then recognized in the loan balances, with the related allowance recorded in the allowance for credit losses. Changes in the allowance for credit losses on accrued interest on credit card loans are recognized in the provision for credit losses and charge-offs are recognized by reversing interest income. For other loans, the Firm generally does not recognize an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivables, consistent with its policy to write them off no later than 90 days past due by reversing interest income. Nonaccrual loans Nonaccrual loans are those on which the accrual of interest has been suspended. Loans (other than credit card loans and certain consumer loans insured by U.S. government agencies) are placed on nonaccrual status and considered nonperforming when full payment of principal and interest is not expected, regardless of delinquency status, or when principal and interest has been in default for a period of 90 days or more, unless the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection. A loan is determined to be past due when the minimum payment is not received from the borrower by the contractually specified due date or for certain loans (e.g., residential real estate loans), when a monthly payment is due and unpaid for 30 days or more. Finally, collateral-dependent loans are typically maintained on nonaccrual status. On the date a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, all interest accrued but not collected is reversed against interest income. In addition, the amortization of deferred amounts is suspended. Interest income on nonaccrual loans may be recognized as cash interest payments are received (i.e., on a cash basis) if the recorded loan balance is deemed fully collectible; however, if there is doubt regarding the ultimate collectibility of the recorded loan balance, all interest cash receipts are applied to reduce the carrying value of the loan (the cost recovery method). For consumer loans, application of this policy typically results in the Firm recognizing interest income on nonaccrual consumer loans on a cash basis. A loan may be returned to accrual status when repayment is reasonably assured and there has been demonstrated performance under the terms of the loan or, if applicable, the terms of the restructured loan. As permitted by regulatory guidance, credit card loans are generally exempt from being placed on nonaccrual status; accordingly, interest and fees related to credit card loans continue to accrue until the loan is charged off or paid in full. Allowance for loan losses The allowance for loan losses represents the estimated expected credit losses in the held-for-investment loan portfolio at the balance sheet date and is recognized on the balance sheet as a contra asset, which brings the amortized cost to the net carrying value. Changes in the allowance for loan losses resulting from lending-related activity, macroeconomic variables, changes in credit and other inputs are recorded in the provision for credit losses on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income. Refer to Note 13 for further information on the Firm’s accounting policies for the allowance for loan losses. Charge-offs Consumer loans are generally charged off or charged down to the lower of the amortized cost or the net realizable value of the underlying collateral (i.e., fair value less estimated costs to sell), with an offset to the allowance for loan losses, upon reaching specified stages of delinquency in accordance with standards established by the FFIEC. Residential real estate loans, unmodified credit card loans and scored business banking loans are generally charged off no later than 180 days past due. Scored auto and closed-end consumer loans, including modified credit card accounts placed on a fixed payment plan, are charged off no later than 120 days past due. Certain consumer loans are charged off or charged down to their net realizable value earlier than the FFIEC charge-off standards in the following circumstances: •Loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that are determined to be collateral-dependent. •Loans to borrowers who have experienced an event that suggests a loss is either known or highly certain are subject to accelerated charge-off standards (e.g., residential real estate and auto loans are charged off or charged down within 60 days of receiving notification of a bankruptcy filing). •Auto loans upon repossession of the automobile. Other than in certain limited circumstances, the Firm typically does not recognize charge-offs on the government-guaranteed portion of loans. Wholesale loans are charged off when it is highly certain that a loss has been realized. The determination of whether to recognize a charge-off includes many factors, including the prioritization of the Firm’s claim in bankruptcy, expectations of the workout/restructuring of the loan and valuation of the borrower’s equity or the loan collateral. When a loan is charged down to the lower of its amortized cost or the estimated net realizable value of the underlying collateral, the determination of the fair value of the collateral depends on the type of collateral (e.g., securities, real estate). In cases where the collateral is in the form of liquid securities, the fair value is based on quoted market prices or broker quotes. For illiquid securities or other financial assets, the fair value of the collateral is generally estimated using a discounted cash flow model. For residential real estate loans, collateral values are based upon external valuation sources. When it becomes likely that a borrower is either unable or unwilling to pay, the Firm utilizes a broker’s price opinion, appraisal and/or an automated valuation model of the home based on an exterior-only valuation (“exterior opinions”), which is then updated at least every 12 months, or more frequently depending on various market factors. As soon as practicable after the Firm receives the property in satisfaction of a debt (e.g., by taking legal title or physical possession), the Firm generally obtains an appraisal based on an inspection that includes the interior of the home (“interior appraisals”). Exterior opinions and interior appraisals are discounted based upon the Firm’s experience with actual liquidation values as compared with the estimated values provided by exterior opinions and interior appraisals, considering state-specific factors. For commercial real estate loans, collateral values are generally based on appraisals from internal and external valuation sources. Collateral values are typically updated every six to twelve months, either by obtaining a new appraisal or by performing an internal analysis, in accordance with the Firm’s policies. The Firm also considers both borrower- and market-specific factors, which may result in obtaining appraisal updates or broker price opinions at more frequent intervals. Loans held-for-sale Loans held-for-sale are measured at the lower of cost or fair value, with valuation changes recorded in noninterest revenue. For consumer loans, the valuation is performed on a portfolio basis. For wholesale loans, the valuation is performed on an individual loan basis. Interest income on loans held-for-sale is accrued and recognized based on the contractual rate of interest. Loan origination fees or costs and purchase price discounts or premiums are deferred in a contra loan account until the related loan is sold. The deferred fees or costs and discounts or premiums are an adjustment to the basis of the loan and therefore are included in the periodic determination of the lower of cost or fair value adjustments and/or the gain or loss recognized at the time of sale. Because these loans are recognized at the lower of cost or fair value, the Firm’s allowance for loan losses and charge-off policies do not apply to these loans. However, loans held-for-sale are subject to the Firm’s nonaccrual policies. Loans at fair value Loans for which the fair value option has been elected are measured at fair value, with changes in fair value recorded in noninterest revenue. Interest income on these loans is accrued and recognized based on the contractual rate of interest. Changes in fair value are recognized in noninterest revenue. Loan origination fees are recognized upfront in noninterest revenue. Loan origination costs are recognized in the associated expense category as incurred. Because these loans are recognized at fair value, the Firm’s allowance for loan losses and charge-off policies do not apply to these loans. However, loans at fair value are subject to the Firm’s nonaccrual policies. Refer to Note 3 for further information on the Firm’s elections of fair value accounting under the fair value option. Refer to Note 2 and Note 3 for further information on loans carried at fair value and classified as trading assets. Loan classification changes Loans in the held-for-investment portfolio that management decides to sell are transferred to the held-for-sale portfolio at the lower of cost or fair value on the date of transfer. Credit-related losses are charged against the allowance for loan losses; non-credit related losses such as those due to changes in interest rates or foreign currency exchange rates are recognized in noninterest revenue. In the event that management decides to retain a loan in the held-for-sale portfolio, the loan is transferred to the held-for-investment portfolio at amortized cost on the date of transfer. These loans are subsequently assessed for impairment based on the Firm’s allowance methodology. Refer to Note 13 for a further discussion of the methodologies used in establishing the Firm’s allowance for loan losses. Loan modifications The Firm seeks to modify certain loans in conjunction with its loss mitigation activities. Through the modification, JPMorganChase grants one or more concessions to a borrower who is experiencing financial difficulty in order to minimize the Firm’s economic loss and avoid foreclosure or repossession of the collateral, and to ultimately maximize payments received by the Firm from the borrower. The concessions granted vary by program and by borrower-specific characteristics, and may include interest rate reductions, term extensions, other-than-insignificant payment delays or principal forgiveness. Loans, except for credit card loans, reported as FDMs are generally placed on nonaccrual status, although in many cases such loans were already on nonaccrual status prior to modification. These loans may be returned to performing status (the accrual of interest is resumed) if the following criteria are met: (i) the borrower has performed under the modified terms for a minimum of six months and/or six payments, and (ii) the Firm has an expectation that repayment of the modified loan is reasonably assured based on, for example, the borrower’s debt capacity and level of future earnings, collateral values, LTV ratios, and other current market considerations. In certain limited and well-defined circumstances in which the loan is current at the modification date, such loans are not placed on nonaccrual status at the time of modification. The allowance for credit losses associated with FDMs is measured using the Firm’s established allowance methodology, which considers the expected default rates for the modified loans. Refer to Note 13 for further discussion. Foreclosed property The Firm acquires property from borrowers through loan restructurings, workouts, and foreclosures. Property acquired may include real property (e.g., residential real estate, land, and buildings) and other commercial and personal property (e.g., automobiles, aircraft, railcars, and ships). The Firm recognizes foreclosed property upon receiving assets in satisfaction of a loan (e.g., by taking legal title or physical possession). For loans collateralized by real property, the Firm generally recognizes the asset received at foreclosure sale or upon the execution of a deed in lieu of foreclosure transaction with the borrower. Foreclosed assets are reported in other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets and initially recognized at fair value less estimated costs to sell. Each quarter the fair value of the acquired property is reviewed and adjusted, if necessary, to the lower of cost or fair value. Subsequent adjustments to fair value are charged/credited to noninterest revenue. Operating expense, such as real estate taxes and maintenance, are charged to other expense.
Loan securitizations policy	The Firm has securitized and sold a variety of loans, including residential mortgages, credit card receivables, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans. The purposes of these securitization transactions were to satisfy investor demand and to generate liquidity for the Firm. For loan securitizations in which the Firm is not required to consolidate the trust, the Firm records the transfer of the loan receivable to the trust as a sale when all of the following accounting criteria for a sale are met: (1) the transferred financial assets are legally isolated from the Firm’s creditors; (2) the transferee or beneficial interest holder can pledge or exchange the transferred financial assets; and (3) the Firm does not maintain effective control over the transferred financial assets (e.g., the Firm cannot repurchase the transferred assets before their maturity and it does not have the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return the transferred assets). For loan securitizations accounted for as a sale, the Firm recognizes a gain or loss based on the difference between the value of proceeds received (including cash, beneficial interests, or servicing assets received) and the carrying value of the assets sold. Gains and losses on securitizations are reported in noninterest revenue.
Goodwill policy	Goodwill is recorded upon completion of a business combination as the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the net assets acquired, and can be adjusted up to one year from the acquisition date as additional information pertaining to facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date is obtained about the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Subsequent to initial recognition, goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more often if events or circumstances, such as adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that there may be an impairment. The goodwill associated with each business combination is allocated to the related reporting units, which are generally determined based on how the Firm’s businesses are managed and how they are reviewed.
Mortgage servicing rights policy	MSRs represent the fair value of expected future cash flows for performing servicing activities for others. The fair value considers estimated future servicing fees and ancillary revenue, offset by estimated costs to service the loans, and generally declines over time as net servicing cash flows are received, effectively amortizing the MSR asset against contractual servicing and ancillary fee income. MSRs are either purchased from third parties or recognized upon sale or securitization of mortgage loans if servicing is retained. As permitted by U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to account for its MSRs at fair value. The Firm treats its MSRs as a single class of servicing assets based on the availability of market inputs used to measure the fair value of its MSR asset and its treatment of MSRs as one aggregate pool for risk management purposes. The Firm estimates the fair value of MSRs using an option-adjusted spread (“OAS”) model, which projects MSR cash flows over multiple interest rate scenarios in conjunction with the Firm’s prepayment model, and then discounts these cash flows at risk-adjusted rates. The model considers portfolio characteristics, contractually specified servicing fees, prepayment assumptions, delinquency rates, costs to service, late charges and other ancillary revenue, and other economic factors. The Firm compares fair value estimates and assumptions to observable market data where available, and also considers recent market activity and actual portfolio experience.
Other intangible assets policy	The Firm’s finite-lived and indefinite-lived other intangible assets are initially recorded at their fair value primarily upon completion of a business combination. Subsequently, the Firm’s finite-lived intangible assets, including core deposit intangibles, customer relationship intangibles, and certain other intangible assets, are amortized over their useful lives, estimated based on the expected future economic benefits to the Firm of the intangible asset. The Firm’s intangible assets with indefinite lives, such as asset management contracts, are not subject to amortization and are assessed periodically for impairment. The Firm’s finite-lived and indefinite-lived other intangible assets are assessed for impairment annually or more often if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Once the Firm determines that an impairment exists for an intangible asset, the impairment is recognized in other expense.
Premises and equipment policy	Premises and equipment includes land carried at cost, as well as buildings, leasehold improvements, internal-use software and furniture and equipment carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The Firm’s operating lease right-of-use assets are also included in Premises and equipment.
Premises and equipment depreciation policy	JPMorganChase computes depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life for buildings and furniture and equipment. The Firm depreciates leasehold improvements over the lesser of the remainder of the lease term or the estimated useful life. The estimated useful lives range from 10 to 50 years for buildings and leasehold improvements, and 3 to 10 years for internal-use software and furniture and equipment.
Internal use software policy	The Firm also capitalizes certain costs associated with the acquisition or development of internal-use software. Once the software is ready for its intended use, these costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the software’s expected useful life.
Premises and equipment impairment policy	Impairment is assessed when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable.
Lessee policy	At December 31, 2024, JPMorganChase and its subsidiaries were obligated under a number of noncancellable leases, predominantly operating leases for premises and equipment used primarily for business purposes. These leases generally have terms of 20 years or less, determined based on the contractual maturity of the lease, and include periods covered by options to extend or terminate the lease when the Firm is reasonably certain that it will exercise those options. All leases with lease terms greater than twelve months are reported as a lease liability with a corresponding right-of-use (“ROU”) asset. None of these lease agreements impose restrictions on the Firm’s ability to pay dividends, engage in debt or equity financing transactions or enter into further lease agreements. Certain of these leases contain escalation clauses that will increase rental payments based on maintenance, utility and tax increases, which are non-lease components. The Firm elected not to separate lease and non-lease components of a contract for its real estate leases. As such, real estate lease payments represent payments on both lease and non-lease components. Operating lease liabilities and ROU assets are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. The future lease payments are discounted at a rate that estimates the Firm’s collateralized borrowing rate for financing instruments of a similar term and are included in accounts payable and other liabilities. The operating lease ROU assets, predominantly included in premises and equipment, also include any lease prepayments made, plus initial direct costs incurred, less any lease incentives received. Rental expense associated with operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and generally included in occupancy expense in the Consolidated statements of income.
Lessor policy	The Firm provides auto and equipment lease financing to its customers through lease arrangements with lease terms that may contain renewal, termination and/or purchase options. The Firm’s lease financings are predominantly auto operating leases. These assets subject to operating leases are recognized in other assets on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lease term to reduce the asset to its estimated residual value. Depreciation expense is included in technology, communications and equipment expense in the Consolidated statements of income. The Firm’s lease income is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in other income in the Consolidated statements of income. On a periodic basis, the Firm assesses leased assets for impairment, and if the carrying amount of the leased asset exceeds the undiscounted cash flows from the lease payments and the estimated residual value upon disposition of the leased asset, an impairment is recognized. The risk of loss on auto and equipment leased assets relating to the residual value of the leased assets is monitored through projections of the asset residual values at lease origination and periodic review of residual values, and is mitigated through arrangements with certain manufacturers or lessees.
Accounts payable and other Liabilities policy	Accounts payable and other liabilities consist of brokerage payables, which include payables to customers and payables related to security purchases that did not settle, as well as other accrued expenses, such as compensation accruals, credit card rewards liability, merchant servicing payables, operating lease liabilities, accrued interest payables, income tax payables and litigation reserves. The credit card rewards liability represents the estimated cost of rewards points earned and expected to be redeemed by cardholders. The liability is accrued as the cardholder earns the benefit and is reduced when the cardholder redeems points. The redemption rate and cost per point assumptions are key assumptions to estimate the liability and the current period impact is recognized in Card Income.
Long-term debt policy	JPMorganChase issues long-term debt denominated in various currencies, predominantly U.S. dollars, with both fixed and variable interest rates. Included in senior and subordinated debt below are various equity-linked or other indexed instruments, which the Firm has elected to measure at fair value. Changes in fair value are recorded in principal transactions revenue in the Consolidated statements of income, except for unrealized gains/(losses) due to DVA which are recorded in OCI.
Earnings per share policy	Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is calculated using the two-class method. Under the two-class method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common stock and participating securities. JPMorganChase grants RSUs under its share-based compensation programs, predominantly all of which entitle recipients to receive nonforfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to dividends paid to holders of the Firm’s common stock. These unvested RSUs meet the definition of participating securities based on their respective rights to receive nonforfeitable dividends, and they are treated as a separate class of securities in computing basic EPS. Participating securities are not included as incremental shares in computing diluted EPS; refer to Note 9 for additional information. Diluted EPS incorporates the potential impact of contingently issuable shares, including awards which require future service as a condition of delivery of the underlying common stock. Diluted EPS is calculated under both the two-class and treasury stock methods, and the more dilutive amount is reported. For each of the periods presented in the table below, diluted EPS calculated under the two-class method was more dilutive.
Income taxes policy	JPMorganChase and its eligible subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. JPMorganChase uses the asset and liability method to provide for income taxes on all transactions recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements. This method requires that income taxes reflect the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities for book and tax purposes. Accordingly, a deferred tax asset or liability for each temporary difference is determined based on the tax rates that the Firm expects to be in effect when the underlying items of income and expense are realized. JPMorganChase’s expense for income taxes includes the current and deferred portions of that expense. A valuation allowance is established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount the Firm expects to realize.
Off-balance sheet credit exposure policy	U.S. GAAP requires that a guarantor recognize, at the inception of a guarantee, a liability in an amount equal to the fair value of the obligation undertaken in issuing the guarantee. U.S. GAAP defines a guarantee as a contract that contingently requires the guarantor to pay the guaranteed party based upon: (a) changes in an underlying asset, liability or equity security of the guaranteed party; or (b) a third party’s failure to perform under a specified agreement. The Firm considers the following off–balance sheet arrangements to be guarantees under U.S. GAAP: standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees, securities lending indemnifications, certain indemnification agreements included within third-party contractual arrangements, certain derivative contracts and the guarantees under the sponsored member repo program. As required by U.S. GAAP, the Firm initially records guarantees at the inception date fair value of the non-contingent obligation assumed (e.g., the amount of consideration received or the net present value of the premium receivable). For these obligations, the Firm records this fair value amount in other liabilities with an offsetting entry recorded in cash (for premiums received), or other assets (for premiums receivable). Any premium receivable recorded in other assets is reduced as cash is received under the contract, and the fair value of the liability recorded at inception is amortized into income as lending and deposit-related fees over the life of the guarantee contract. The lending-related contingent obligation is recognized based on expected credit losses in addition to, and separate from, any non-contingent obligation. Non-lending-related contingent obligations are recognized when the liability becomes probable and reasonably estimable. These obligations are not recognized if the estimated amount is less than the carrying amount of any non-contingent liability recognized at inception (adjusted for any amortization). Examples of non-lending-related contingent obligations include indemnifications provided in sales agreements, where a portion of the sale proceeds is allocated to the guarantee, which adjusts the gain or loss that would otherwise result from the transaction. For these indemnifications, the initial liability is amortized to income as the Firm’s risk is reduced (i.e., over time or when the indemnification expires).
Business combinations policy	Core deposit and customer relationship intangibles Core deposit and certain wealth management customer relationship intangibles were acquired as part of the First Republic acquisition. The core deposit intangible of $1.3 billion was valued by discounting estimated after-tax cost savings over the remaining useful life of the deposits using the favorable source of funds method. The after-tax cost savings were estimated based on the difference between the cost of maintaining the core deposit base relative to the cost of next best alternative funding sources available to market participants. The customer relationship intangibles of $180 million were valued by discounting estimated after-tax earnings over their remaining useful lives using the multi-period excess earnings method. Both intangible asset valuations utilized assumptions that the Firm believes a market participant would use to estimate fair values, such as growth and attrition rates, projected fee income as well as related costs to service the relationships, and discount rates. The core deposit and customer relationship intangibles are amortized over a projected period of future cash flows of approximately 7 years. Refer to Note 15 for further discussion on other intangible assets. Indemnification assets - Shared-loss agreements The indemnification assets represent forecasted recoveries from the FDIC associated with the shared-loss assets over the respective shared-loss recovery periods. The indemnification assets were recorded at fair value in other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets on the acquisition date. The fair values of the indemnification assets were estimated based on the timing of the forecasted losses underlying the related allowance for credit losses. The subsequent quarterly remeasurement of the indemnification assets is based on changes in the amount and timing of forecasted losses in the allowance for credit losses associated with the shared-loss assets and is recorded in other income. Under certain circumstances, the Firm may be required to make a payment to the FDIC upon termination of the shared-loss agreements based on the level of actual losses and recoveries on the shared-loss assets. The estimated potential future payment is reflected as contingent consideration as part of the purchase price consideration. Purchase Money Note and FHLB advances The Purchase Money Note is recorded in long-term debt on the Consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the Purchase Money Note was estimated based on a discounted cash flow methodology and incorporated estimated market discount rates. The FHLB advances assumed in the acquisition are recorded in short-term borrowings and in long-term debt. The fair values of the FHLB advances were based on a discounted cash flow methodology and considered the observed FHLB advance issuance rates.

Employee Share-Based Incentives - RSUs, PSUs and SARS Activities (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Thousands	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
RSUs/PSUs
RSUs/PSUs Number of Units:
Outstanding, January 1 (in shares)	52,243,000
Granted (in shares)	20,020,000
Exercised or vested (in shares)	(19,542,000)
Forfeited (in shares)	(2,112,000)
Outstanding, December 31 (in shares)	50,609,000	52,243,000
RSUs/PSUs Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value:
Outstanding, January 1 (in dollars per share)	$ 141.31
Granted (in dollars per share)	166.74
Exercised or vested (in dollars per share)	143.02
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	147.41
Outstanding, December 31 (in dollars per share)	$ 150.41	$ 141.31
Total fair value of RSUs that vested	$ 3,500,000	$ 2,500,000	$ 3,200,000
SARs
RSUs/PSUs Number of Units:
Outstanding, January 1 (in shares)	2,250,000
Granted (in shares)	0	0	0
Exercised or vested (in shares)	0
Forfeited (in shares)	0
Canceled (in shares)	0
Outstanding, December 31 (in shares)	2,250,000	2,250,000
Exercisable, December 31 (in shares)	0
RSUs/PSUs Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value:
Outstanding, January 1 (in dollars per share)	$ 152.19
Granted (in dollars per share)	0
Exercised or vested (in dollars per share)	0
Forfeited (in dollars per share)	0
Canceled (in dollars per share)	0
Outstanding, December 31 (in dollars per share)	$ 152.19	$ 152.19
Weighted-average remaining contractual life, Outstanding	6 years 8 months 12 days
Aggregate intrinsic value, Outstanding	$ 198,113
Exercisable, December 31 (in dollars per share)	$ 0
Aggregate intrinsic value, Exercisable	$ 0
Total intrinsic value of options exercised		$ 24,000	$ 75,000

Long-term Debt (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of long-term debt instruments

The following table is a summary of long-term debt carrying values (including unamortized premiums and discounts, issuance costs, valuation adjustments and fair value adjustments, where applicable) by remaining contractual maturity as of December 31, 2024.


By remaining maturity at December 31, (in millions, except rates)		2024													2023
		Under 1 year			1-5 years			After 5 years			Total				Total
Parent company
Senior debt:	Fixed rate	$	7,112		$	90,132		$	117,667		$	214,911			$	200,984
	Variable rate	255			6,838			1,562			8,655				8,105
	Interest rates(f)	3.04		%	3.40		%	4.02		%	3.71		%		3.32		%
Subordinated debt:	Fixed rate	$	302		$	5,582		$	8,573		$	14,457			$	17,725
	Variable rate	—			—			—			—				—
	Interest rates(f)	7.75		%	4.72		%	4.69		%	4.76		%		4.62		%
	Subtotal	$	7,669		$	102,552		$	127,802		$	238,023			$	226,814
Subsidiaries
Federal Home Loan Banks advances:	Fixed rate	$	7,582		$	1,651		$	24		$	9,257			$	23,246
	Variable rate	4,000			16,000			—			20,000				18,000
	Interest rates(f)	4.42		%	4.84		%	5.91		%	4.67		%		4.89		%
Purchase Money Note(a):	Fixed rate	$	—		$	49,208		$	—		$	49,208			$	48,989
	Interest rates(f)	—		%	3.40		%	—		%	3.40		%		3.40		%
Senior debt:	Fixed rate	$	2,361		$	16,695		$	7,489		$	26,545			$	20,745
	Variable rate	19,350			30,981			6,451			56,782				52,048
	Interest rates(f)	5.39		%	5.18%			1.44		%	3.81		%		3.91		%
Subordinated debt:	Fixed rate	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—			$	255
	Variable rate	—			—			—			—				—
	Interest rates(f)	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%		8.25		%
	Subtotal	$	33,293		$	114,535		$	13,964		$	161,792			$	163,283
Junior subordinated debt:	Fixed rate	$	—		$	—		$	488		$	488			$	518
	Variable rate	—			421			694			1,115				1,210
	Interest rates(f)	—		%	5.35		%	7.01		%	6.58		%		7.14		%
	Subtotal	$	—		$	421		$	1,182		$	1,603			$	1,728
Total long-term debt(b)(c)(d)		$	40,962		$	217,508		$	142,948		$	401,418		(g)(h)	$	391,825
Long-term beneficial interests:
	Fixed rate	$	999		$	4,313		$	—		$	5,312			$	2,998
	Variable rate	—			27			139			166				125
	Interest rates(f)	3.97		%	4.82		%	2.92		%	4.62		%		4.69		%
Total long-term beneficial interests(e)		$	999		$	4,340		$	139		$	5,478			$	3,123

(a)Reflects the Purchase Money Note associated with First Republic. Refer to Note 34 for additional information.

(b)Included long-term debt of $80.9 billion and $93.0 billion secured by assets totaling $185.5 billion and $218.5 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The amount of long-term debt secured by assets does not include amounts related to hybrid instruments.

(c)Included $100.8 billion and $87.9 billion of long-term debt accounted for at fair value at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(d)Included $13.5 billion and $12.5 billion of outstanding zero-coupon notes at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The aggregate principal amount of these notes at their respective maturities is $50.2 billion and $47.9 billion, respectively. The aggregate principal amount reflects the contractual principal payment at maturity, which may exceed the contractual principal payment at the Firm’s next call date, if applicable.

(e)Included on the Consolidated balance sheets in beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs. Also included amounts accounted for at fair value which were not material as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Excluded short-term commercial paper and other short-term beneficial interests of $21.8 billion and $19.9 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(f)The interest rates shown are the weighted average of contractual rates in effect at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, including non-U.S. dollar fixed- and variable-rate issuances, which excludes the effects of the associated derivative instruments used in hedge accounting relationships, if applicable. The interest rates shown exclude structured notes accounted for at fair value.

(g)As of December 31, 2024, long-term debt in the aggregate of $297.1 billion was redeemable at the option of JPMorganChase, in whole or in part, prior to maturity, based on the terms specified in the respective instruments.

(h)The aggregate carrying values of debt that matures in each of the five years subsequent to 2024 is $41.0 billion in 2025, $64.5 billion in 2026, $32.7 billion in 2027, $93.4 billion in 2028 and $26.9 billion in 2029.

Schedule of maturities of long-term debt


By remaining maturity at December 31, (in millions, except rates)		2024													2023
		Under 1 year			1-5 years			After 5 years			Total				Total
Parent company
Senior debt:	Fixed rate	$	7,112		$	90,132		$	117,667		$	214,911			$	200,984
	Variable rate	255			6,838			1,562			8,655				8,105
	Interest rates(f)	3.04		%	3.40		%	4.02		%	3.71		%		3.32		%
Subordinated debt:	Fixed rate	$	302		$	5,582		$	8,573		$	14,457			$	17,725
	Variable rate	—			—			—			—				—
	Interest rates(f)	7.75		%	4.72		%	4.69		%	4.76		%		4.62		%
	Subtotal	$	7,669		$	102,552		$	127,802		$	238,023			$	226,814
Subsidiaries
Federal Home Loan Banks advances:	Fixed rate	$	7,582		$	1,651		$	24		$	9,257			$	23,246
	Variable rate	4,000			16,000			—			20,000				18,000
	Interest rates(f)	4.42		%	4.84		%	5.91		%	4.67		%		4.89		%
Purchase Money Note(a):	Fixed rate	$	—		$	49,208		$	—		$	49,208			$	48,989
	Interest rates(f)	—		%	3.40		%	—		%	3.40		%		3.40		%
Senior debt:	Fixed rate	$	2,361		$	16,695		$	7,489		$	26,545			$	20,745
	Variable rate	19,350			30,981			6,451			56,782				52,048
	Interest rates(f)	5.39		%	5.18%			1.44		%	3.81		%		3.91		%
Subordinated debt:	Fixed rate	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—			$	255
	Variable rate	—			—			—			—				—
	Interest rates(f)	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%		8.25		%
	Subtotal	$	33,293		$	114,535		$	13,964		$	161,792			$	163,283
Junior subordinated debt:	Fixed rate	$	—		$	—		$	488		$	488			$	518
	Variable rate	—			421			694			1,115				1,210
	Interest rates(f)	—		%	5.35		%	7.01		%	6.58		%		7.14		%
	Subtotal	$	—		$	421		$	1,182		$	1,603			$	1,728
Total long-term debt(b)(c)(d)		$	40,962		$	217,508		$	142,948		$	401,418		(g)(h)	$	391,825
Long-term beneficial interests:
	Fixed rate	$	999		$	4,313		$	—		$	5,312			$	2,998
	Variable rate	—			27			139			166				125
	Interest rates(f)	3.97		%	4.82		%	2.92		%	4.62		%		4.69		%
Total long-term beneficial interests(e)		$	999		$	4,340		$	139		$	5,478			$	3,123

(a)Reflects the Purchase Money Note associated with First Republic. Refer to Note 34 for additional information.

(c)Included $100.8 billion and $87.9 billion of long-term debt accounted for at fair value at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Tabular disclosure of long-debt instruments or arrangements, including identification, terms, features, collateral requirements and other information necessary to a fair presentation. These are debt arrangements that originally required repayment more than twelve months after issuance or greater than the normal operating cycle of the entity, if longer.

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Fair Value Measurement - Transfers (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Long-term debt
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers from level 2 into level 3, liabilities	$ 738	$ 229	$ 793
Transfers from level 3 into level 2, liabilities	863	729	1,044
Realized/unrealized gains (losses), liabilities	(1,475)	(3,010)	3,869
Total debt and equity instruments
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers from level 2 into level 3, assets	1,001	728	2,445
Transfers from Level 3 into level 2, assets	880	1,100	1,188
Realized/unrealized gains (losses), assets	256	0	(1,082)
Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers from level 2 into level 3, assets	85	192	1,066
Transfers from Level 3 into level 2, assets	143	218	121
Realized/unrealized gains (losses), assets	(21)	(53)	(1,036)
Trading loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers from level 2 into level 3, assets	839	382	925
Transfers from Level 3 into level 2, assets	582	529	640
Realized/unrealized gains (losses), assets	63	(15)	(51)
Non-trading loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers from level 2 into level 3, assets	816	1,306	1,053
Transfers from Level 3 into level 2, assets	427	1,065	831
Realized/unrealized gains (losses), assets	266	289	(158)
Recurring \| Derivative payables \| Interest rate contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers from level 2 into level 3, liabilities	1,100	2,100	878
Transfers from level 3 into level 2, liabilities			807
Recurring \| Derivative payables \| Equity contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers from level 2 into level 3, liabilities	1,700	829	2,300
Transfers from level 3 into level 2, liabilities	2,000	1,700	2,300
Recurring \| Long-term debt
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers from level 2 into level 3, liabilities			793
Transfers from level 3 into level 2, liabilities	863		1,000
Recurring \| Total debt and equity instruments
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers from level 2 into level 3, assets	1,000		2,400
Transfers from Level 3 into level 2, assets	880	1,100	1,200
Recurring \| Equity securities
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers from level 2 into level 3, assets			1,100
Recurring \| Trading loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers from level 2 into level 3, assets			925
Recurring \| Derivative receivables \| Interest rate contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers from level 2 into level 3, assets	959	951	1,600
Transfers from Level 3 into level 2, assets		921	1,200
Recurring \| Derivative receivables \| Equity contracts
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers from level 2 into level 3, assets	1,600	1,500	1,600
Transfers from Level 3 into level 2, assets	1,400	2,300	2,200
Recurring \| Non-trading loans
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Transfers from level 2 into level 3, assets	816	1,300	1,100
Transfers from Level 3 into level 2, assets		1,100	831
Recurring \| Level 3
Fair Value, Assets and Liabilities Measured on Recurring and Nonrecurring Basis [Line Items]
Realized/unrealized gains (losses), assets	1,900	1,800	7,700
Realized/unrealized gains (losses), liabilities	$ (1,600)	$ (3,300)	$ 4,600

Preferred Stock (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Schedule of stock by class


	Shares(a)		Carrying value (in millions)				Issue date	Contractual rate in effect at December 31, 2024		Earliest redemption date(b)	Floating annualized rate(c)		Dividend declared per share(d)
	December 31,		December 31,										Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2024		2023								2024			2023			2022
Fixed-rate:



Series DD	169,625	169,625	1,696		1,696		9/21/2018	5.750		12/1/2023	NA		575.00			575.00			575.00
Series EE	185,000	185,000	1,850		1,850		1/24/2019	6.000		3/1/2024	NA		600.00			600.00			600.00
Series GG	90,000	90,000	900		900		11/7/2019	4.750		12/1/2024	NA		475.00			475.00			475.00
Series JJ	150,000	150,000	1,500		1,500		3/17/2021	4.550		6/1/2026	NA		455.00			455.00			455.00
Series LL	185,000	185,000	1,850		1,850		5/20/2021	4.625		6/1/2026	NA		462.52			462.52			462.52
Series MM	200,000	200,000	2,000		2,000		7/29/2021	4.200		9/1/2026	NA		420.00			420.00			420.00

Fixed-to-floating rate:
Series I	—	—	$	—	$	—	4/23/2008	—	%	4/30/2018	—	%	$	—		$	—		$	375.03
Series Q	—	150,000	—		1,500		4/23/2013	—		5/1/2023	SOFR + 3.25		220.45			801.41		(g)	515.00
Series R	—	150,000	—		1,500		7/29/2013	—		8/1/2023	SOFR + 3.30		221.70			756.73		(h)	600.00
Series S	—	200,000	—		2,000		1/22/2014	—		2/1/2024	SOFR + 3.78		233.70		(e)	675.00			675.00
Series U	—	100,000	—		1,000		3/10/2014	—		4/30/2024	SOFR + 3.33		153.13			612.50			612.50
Series V	—	—	—		—		6/9/2014	—		7/1/2019	—		—			—			340.91
Series X	—	160,000	—		1,600		9/23/2014	—		10/1/2024	SOFR + 3.33		457.50			610.00			610.00

Series CC	125,750	125,750	1,258		1,258		10/20/2017	SOFR + 2.58		11/1/2022	SOFR + 2.58		812.73			804.08			526.27		(i)
Series FF	—	225,000	—		2,250		7/31/2019	—		8/1/2024	SOFR + 3.38		250.00			500.00			500.00
Series HH	300,000	300,000	3,000		3,000		1/23/2020	4.600		2/1/2025	SOFR + 3.125		460.00			460.00			460.00
Series II	150,000	150,000	1,500		1,500		2/24/2020	4.000		4/1/2025	SOFR + 2.745		400.00			400.00			400.00
Series KK	200,000	200,000	2,000		2,000		5/12/2021	3.650		6/1/2026	CMT + 2.85		365.00			365.00			365.00
Series NN	250,000	NA	2,496		NA		3/12/2024	6.875		6/1/2029	CMT + 2.737		494.63		(f)	NA			NA
Total preferred stock	2,005,375	2,740,375	$	20,050	$	27,404

(a)Represented by depositary shares.

(b)Each series of fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock converts to a floating rate at the earliest redemption date.

(f)The initial dividend declared was prorated based on the number of days outstanding for the period. Dividends were declared quarterly thereafter at the contractual rate.

Common shares issued which were reissued from treasury by the Firm during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were as follows.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024	2023	2022
Total issued – balance at January 1	4,104.9	4,104.9	4,104.9
Treasury – balance at January 1	(1,228.3)	(1,170.7)	(1,160.8)
Repurchase	(91.7)	(69.5)	(23.1)
Reissuance:
Employee benefits and compensation plans	11.9	10.9	12.0
Employee stock purchase plans	0.8	1.0	1.2
Total reissuance	12.7	11.9	13.2
Total treasury – balance at December 31	(1,307.3)	(1,228.3)	(1,170.7)
Outstanding at December 31	2,797.6	2,876.6	2,934.2

Tabular disclosure of an entity's stock, including par or stated value per share, number and dollar amount of share subscriptions, shares authorized, shares issued, shares outstanding, number and dollar amount of shares held in an employee trust, dividend per share, total dividends, share conversion features, par value plus additional paid in capital, the value of treasury stock and other information necessary to a fair presentation, and EPS information. Stock by class includes common, convertible, and preferred stocks which are not redeemable or redeemable solely at the option of the issuer. Includes preferred stock with redemption features that are solely within the control of the issuer and mandatorily redeemable stock if redemption is required to occur only upon liquidation or termination of the reporting entity. If more than one issue is outstanding, state the title of each issue and the corresponding dollar amount; dollar amount of any shares subscribed but unissued and the deduction of subscriptions receivable there from; number of shares authorized, issued, and outstanding.

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Reconciliation of the applicable statutory U.S. income tax rate to the effective tax rate the effective tax rate

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

The following table presents a reconciliation of the applicable statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to the effective tax rate.


Effective tax rate
Year ended December 31,	2024		2023			2022
Statutory U.S. federal tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%		21.0	%
Increase/(decrease) in tax rate resulting from:
U.S. state and local income taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax benefit	3.1		2.8			3.5
Tax-exempt income	(0.7)		(0.9)			(0.9)
Non-U.S. earnings	1.4		1.5			0.4
Business tax credits	(2.4)		(4.4)			(5.4)

Other, net	(0.3)		(0.4)			(0.2)
Effective tax rate	22.1	%	19.6	%	(a)	18.4	%

(a)Income tax expense associated with the First Republic acquisition was reflected in the estimated bargain purchase gain, which resulted in a reduction in the Firm’s effective tax rate.

Components of income tax expense/(benefit) included in the Consolidated Statements of Income

The following table reflects the components of income tax expense/(benefit) included in the Consolidated statements of income.


Income tax expense/(benefit)
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Current income tax expense/(benefit)
U.S. federal	$	7,091	$	8,973	$	5,606
Non-U.S.	4,753		4,355		2,992
U.S. state and local	2,762		3,266		2,630
Total current income tax expense/(benefit)	14,606		16,594		11,228

Deferred income tax expense/(benefit)
U.S. federal	1,771		(3,475)		(2,004)
Non-U.S.	72		35		(154)
U.S. state and local	161		(1,094)		(580)
Total deferred income tax expense/(benefit)	2,004		(4,534)		(2,738)
Total income tax expense	$	16,610	$	12,060	$	8,490

U.S. and non-U.S. components of income before income tax expense/(benefit)

The following table presents the U.S. and non-U.S. components of income before income tax expense.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
U.S.	$	59,472	$	46,868	$	34,626
Non-U.S.(a)	15,609		14,744		11,540
Income before income tax expense	$	75,081	$	61,612	$	46,166

(a)For purposes of this table, non-U.S. income is defined as income generated from operations located outside the U.S.

Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities

The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected in the following table, the net deferred tax assets are reflected in other assets on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for loan losses	$	6,117	$	5,809
Employee benefits	1,165		1,247
Accrued expenses and other	8,881		9,887		(a)
Depreciation and amortization	386		—
Non-U.S. operations	948		860
Tax attribute carryforwards	352		290
Gross deferred tax assets	17,849		18,093
Valuation allowance	(249)		(183)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance	$	17,600	$	17,910

Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation and amortization	$	—	$	779
Mortgage servicing rights, net of hedges	1,912		1,794
Leasing transactions	2,249		2,254
Other, net	1,264		2,935
Gross deferred tax liabilities	5,425		7,762
Net deferred tax assets	$	12,175	$	10,148

(a)Includes the estimated net deferred tax asset associated with the First Republic acquisition.

Reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits

The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits.


(in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Balance at January 1,	$	5,401	$	5,043	$	4,636
Increases based on tax positions related to the current period	1,721		1,440		1,234
Increases based on tax positions related to prior periods	92		37		123
Decreases based on tax positions related to prior periods	(907)		(1,110)		(824)
Decreases related to cash settlements with taxing authorities	(148)		(9)		(126)

Balance at December 31,	$	6,159	$	5,401	$	5,043

Tax examination status

The following table summarizes the status of tax years that remain subject to income tax examination of JPMorganChase and its consolidated subsidiaries by significant jurisdictions as of December 31, 2024.


	Periods under examination	Status
JPMorganChase – U.S.	2011 – 2013	Field examination of amended returns; certain matters at Appellate level
JPMorganChase – U.S.	2014 - 2020	Field examination of original and amended returns; certain matters at Appellate level
JPMorganChase – New York City	2015 - 2018	Field Examination
JPMorganChase – U.K.	2017 – 2022	Field examination of certain select entities

Pledged Assets and Collateral (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of pledged assets

The following table presents the carrying value of the Firm’s pledged assets.


December 31, (in billions)	2024		2023
Assets that may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties	$	152.5	$	145.0
Assets that may not be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties	297.9		244.2
Assets pledged at Federal Reserve banks and FHLBs	724.0		675.6
Total pledged assets	$	1,174.4	$	1,064.8

The significant components of the Firm’s pledged assets were as follows.


December 31, (in billions)	2024		2023
Investment securities	$	89.6	$	108.6
Loans	740.9		681.7
Trading assets and other	343.9		274.5
Total pledged assets	$	1,174.4	$	1,064.8

Schedule of collateral received

The following table presents the fair value of collateral accepted.


December 31, (in billions)	2024		2023
Collateral permitted to be sold or repledged, delivered, or otherwise used	$	1,544.0	$	1,303.9
Collateral sold, repledged, delivered or otherwise used	1,210.7		982.8

Common Stock - Shares Issued (Details) - shares	12 Months Ended
Common Stock - Shares Issued (Details) - shares	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Increase (Decrease) in Common Stock Shares
Total issued - balance at January 1 (in shares)	4,104,933,895	4,104,933,895	4,104,900,000	4,104,900,000
Total outstanding - balance at December 31 (in shares)	2,797,600,000	2,876,600,000	2,934,200,000
Increase (Decrease) in Treasury Stock Shares
Treasury - balance at January 1 (in shares)	(1,228,275,301)
Total treasury - balance at December 31 (in shares)	(1,307,313,494)	(1,228,275,301)
Treasury stock
Increase (Decrease) in Treasury Stock Shares
Treasury - balance at January 1 (in shares)	(1,228,300,000)	(1,170,700,000)	(1,160,800,000)
Repurchase (in shares)	(91,700,000)	(69,500,000)	(23,100,000)
Reissuance: Employee benefits and compensation plans (in shares)	11,900,000	10,900,000	12,000,000.0
Reissuance: Employee stock purchase plans (in shares)	800,000	1,000,000.0	1,200,000
Total reissuance	12,700,000	11,900,000	13,200,000
Total treasury - balance at December 31 (in shares)	(1,307,300,000)	(1,228,300,000)	(1,170,700,000)

Consolidated Balance Sheets - USD ($)
$ in Millions

Dec. 31, 2024

Dec. 31, 2023

Assets

Cash and due from banks

$ 23,372

$ 29,066

Deposits with banks

445,945

595,085

Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements (included $286,771 and $259,813 at fair value)

295,001

276,152

Securities borrowed (included $83,962 and $70,086 at fair value)

219,546

200,436

Trading assets (included assets pledged of $136,070 and $128,994)

637,784

540,607

Available-for-sale securities (amortized cost of $411,045 and $205,456; included assets pledged of $10,162 and $9,219)

406,852

201,704

Held-to-maturity securities

274,468

369,848

Investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses

681,320

571,552

Loans (included $41,350 and $38,851 at fair value)

1,347,988

1,323,706

Allowance for loan losses

(24,345)

(22,420)

Loans, net of allowance for loan losses

1,323,643

1,301,286

Accrued interest and accounts receivable

101,223

107,363

Premises and equipment

32,223

30,157

Goodwill, MSRs and other intangible assets

64,560

64,381

Other assets (included $15,122 and $12,306 at fair value and assets pledged of $6,288 and $6,764)

178,197

159,308

Deposits (included $33,768 and $78,384 at fair value)

^[1]

4,002,814

3,875,393

Liabilities

2,406,032

2,400,688

Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements (included $226,329 and $169,003 at fair value)

296,835

216,535

Short-term borrowings (included $26,521 and $20,042 at fair value)

52,893

44,712

Trading liabilities

192,883

180,428

Accounts payable and other liabilities (included $5,893 and $5,637 at fair value)

280,672

290,307

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs (included $1 and $1 at fair value)

27,323

23,020

Long-term debt (included $100,780 and $87,924 at fair value)

401,418

391,825

Commitments and contingencies (refer to Notes 28, 29 and 30)

^[1]

3,658,056

3,547,515

Stockholders’ equity

Preferred stock ($1 par value; authorized 200,000,000 shares: issued 2,005,375 and 2,740,375 shares)

20,050

27,404

Common stock ($1 par value; authorized 9,000,000,000 shares; issued 4,104,933,895 shares)

4,105

Additional paid-in capital

90,911

90,128

Retained earnings

376,166

332,901

Accumulated other comprehensive losses

(12,456)

(10,443)

Treasury stock, at cost (1,307,313,494 and 1,228,275,301 shares)

(134,018)

(116,217)

Total stockholders’ equity

344,758

327,878

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

4,002,814

3,875,393

VIEs consolidated by the Firm

Assets

Trading assets (included assets pledged of $136,070 and $128,994)

3,885

2,170

Loans, net of allowance for loan losses

36,510

37,611

Other assets (included $15,122 and $12,306 at fair value and assets pledged of $6,288 and $6,764)

681

591

Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs (included $1 and $1 at fair value)

41,076

40,372

Liabilities

27,323

23,020

All other liabilities

454

263

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

$ 27,777

$ 23,283

[1]


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Assets
Trading assets	$	3,885	$	2,170
Loans	36,510		37,611
All other assets	681		591
Total assets	$	41,076	$	40,372
Liabilities
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	$	27,323	$	23,020
All other liabilities	454		263
Total liabilities	$	27,777	$	23,283

Derivative Instruments - Impact on Statements of Income, Cash Flow Hedges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Recognition of net losses related to cash flow hedges in Income	$ (1,600)
Maximum length of time hedged in forecasted transactions, terminated cash flow hedges	7 years
Maximum length of time hedged in forecasted transactions, open cash flow hedges	7 years
Cash Flow Hedging
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income	$ (2,579)	$ (1,775)	$ (420)
Amounts recorded in OCI	(3,742)	483	(7,473)
Total change in OCI for period	(1,163)	2,258	(7,053)
Cash Flow Hedging \| Interest rate
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income	(2,668)	(1,839)	(153)
Amounts recorded in OCI	(3,603)	274	(7,131)
Total change in OCI for period	(935)	2,113	(6,978)
Cash Flow Hedging \| Foreign exchange
Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income	89	64	(267)
Amounts recorded in OCI	(139)	209	(342)
Total change in OCI for period	$ (228)	$ 145	$ (75)

Noninterest Revenue and Noninterest Expense - Card Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Credit cost amortization period	12 months
Direct loan origination costs amortization period	12 months
Total card income	$ 5,497	$ 4,784	$ 4,420
Interchange and merchant processing income
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total card income	33,847	31,021	28,085
Reward costs and partner payments
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total card income	(26,784)	(24,601)	(22,162)
All other
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Total card income	$ (1,566)	$ (1,636)	$ (1,503)
Deferred revenues, recognition period	12 months
Minimum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Credit card revenue sharing agreement terms	5 years
Maximum
Disaggregation of Revenue [Line Items]
Credit card revenue sharing agreement terms	10 years

Investment Securities - Amortized Cost and Estimated Fair Value by Contractual Maturity (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Available-for-sale securities, Amortized Cost:
Due in one year or less	$ 34,258
Due after one year through five years	190,734
Due after five years through 10 years	52,041
Due after 10 years	135,214
Total	412,247
Available-for-sale securities, Fair value
Due in one year or less	34,248
Due after one year through five years	190,586
Due after five years through 10 years	51,776
Due after 10 years	130,242
Total	$ 406,852	$ 201,704
Available-for-sale securities, Average yield
Due in one year or less	4.42%
Due after one year through five years	4.56%
Due after five years through 10 years	4.70%
Due after 10 years	4.98%
Average yield	4.70%
Held-to-maturity securities, Amortized cost
Due in one year or less	$ 20,187
Due after one year through five years	48,634
Due after five years through 10 years	76,869
Due after 10 years	128,881
Total	274,571
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value
Due in one year or less	19,601
Due after one year through five years	45,311
Due after five years through 10 years	68,299
Due after 10 years	114,689
Total	$ 247,900	342,754
Held-to-maturity securities, Average yield
Due in one year or less	0.43%
Due after one year through five years	1.47%
Due after five years through 10 years	2.63%
Due after 10 years	3.44%
Average yield	2.64%
Supplemental information
Available for sale securities allowance for credit losses	$ 49
Unallocated portfolio layer fair value hedge basis adjustments	(1,200)
Held-to-maturity securities allowance for credit losses	$ 103
Agency residential MBS estimated duration	8 years
Agency residential collateralized mortgage obligations estimated duration	6 years
Nonagency residential collateralized mortgage obligations estimated duration	5 years
Minimum
Supplemental information
Due period of mortgage-backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations	10 years
Total mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale securities, Amortized Cost:
Due in one year or less	$ 132
Due after one year through five years	9,410
Due after five years through 10 years	4,059
Due after 10 years	91,027
Total	104,628
Available-for-sale securities, Fair value
Due in one year or less	130
Due after one year through five years	9,345
Due after five years through 10 years	4,041
Due after 10 years	87,253
Total	$ 100,769	91,612
Available-for-sale securities, Average yield
Due in one year or less	3.32%
Due after one year through five years	4.58%
Due after five years through 10 years	5.25%
Due after 10 years	4.75%
Average yield	4.75%
Held-to-maturity securities, Amortized cost
Due in one year or less	$ 104
Due after one year through five years	7,994
Due after five years through 10 years	6,077
Due after 10 years	100,495
Total	114,670
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value
Due in one year or less	101
Due after one year through five years	7,453
Due after five years through 10 years	5,352
Due after 10 years	86,903
Total	$ 99,809	112,719
Held-to-maturity securities, Average yield
Due in one year or less	0.97%
Due after one year through five years	2.63%
Due after five years through 10 years	2.67%
Due after 10 years	2.95%
Average yield	2.92%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Available-for-sale securities, Amortized Cost:
Due in one year or less	$ 20,685
Due after one year through five years	169,162
Due after five years through 10 years	38,667
Due after 10 years	6,981
Total	235,495
Available-for-sale securities, Fair value
Due in one year or less	20,730
Due after one year through five years	169,145
Due after five years through 10 years	38,619
Due after 10 years	6,285
Total	$ 234,779	57,805
Available-for-sale securities, Average yield
Due in one year or less	4.50%
Due after one year through five years	4.57%
Due after five years through 10 years	4.96%
Due after 10 years	5.53%
Average yield	4.65%
Held-to-maturity securities, Amortized cost
Due in one year or less	$ 20,083
Due after one year through five years	40,497
Due after five years through 10 years	48,052
Due after 10 years	0
Total	108,632
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value
Due in one year or less	19,500
Due after one year through five years	37,715
Due after five years through 10 years	40,205
Due after 10 years	0
Total	$ 97,420	160,592
Held-to-maturity securities, Average yield
Due in one year or less	0.43%
Due after one year through five years	1.23%
Due after five years through 10 years	1.25%
Due after 10 years	0.00%
Average yield	1.09%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Available-for-sale securities, Amortized Cost:
Due in one year or less	$ 4
Due after one year through five years	16
Due after five years through 10 years	92
Due after 10 years	18,225
Total	18,337
Available-for-sale securities, Fair value
Due in one year or less	4
Due after one year through five years	16
Due after five years through 10 years	90
Due after 10 years	17,803
Total	$ 17,913	21,367
Available-for-sale securities, Average yield
Due in one year or less	1.59%
Due after one year through five years	3.95%
Due after five years through 10 years	4.46%
Due after 10 years	5.32%
Average yield	5.32%
Held-to-maturity securities, Amortized cost
Due in one year or less	$ 0
Due after one year through five years	9
Due after five years through 10 years	307
Due after 10 years	9,026
Total	9,342
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value
Due in one year or less	0
Due after one year through five years	9
Due after five years through 10 years	276
Due after 10 years	8,426
Total	$ 8,711	9,428
Held-to-maturity securities, Average yield
Due in one year or less	0.00%
Due after one year through five years	4.76%
Due after five years through 10 years	3.25%
Due after 10 years	3.97%
Average yield	3.95%
Non-U.S. government debt securities
Available-for-sale securities, Amortized Cost:
Due in one year or less	$ 13,331
Due after one year through five years	11,769
Due after five years through 10 years	7,609
Due after 10 years	3,946
Total	36,655
Available-for-sale securities, Fair value
Due in one year or less	13,327
Due after one year through five years	11,701
Due after five years through 10 years	7,403
Due after 10 years	3,814
Total	$ 36,245	21,282
Available-for-sale securities, Average yield
Due in one year or less	4.24%
Due after one year through five years	4.32%
Due after five years through 10 years	2.82%
Due after 10 years	4.15%
Average yield	3.96%
Corporate debt securities
Available-for-sale securities, Amortized Cost:
Due in one year or less	$ 106
Due after one year through five years	9
Due after five years through 10 years	5
Due after 10 years	0
Total	120
Available-for-sale securities, Fair value
Due in one year or less	57
Due after one year through five years	9
Due after five years through 10 years	4
Due after 10 years	0
Total	$ 70	$ 100
Available-for-sale securities, Average yield
Due in one year or less	14.09%
Due after one year through five years	4.06%
Due after five years through 10 years	4.19%
Due after 10 years	0.00%
Average yield	12.92%
Asset-backed securities
Available-for-sale securities, Amortized Cost:
Due in one year or less	$ 0
Due after one year through five years	368
Due after five years through 10 years	1,609
Due after 10 years	15,035
Total	17,012
Available-for-sale securities, Fair value
Due in one year or less	0
Due after one year through five years	370
Due after five years through 10 years	1,619
Due after 10 years	15,087
Total	$ 17,076
Available-for-sale securities, Average yield
Due in one year or less	0.00%
Due after one year through five years	6.14%
Due after five years through 10 years	6.04%
Due after 10 years	5.96%
Average yield	5.97%
Held-to-maturity securities, Amortized cost
Due in one year or less	$ 0
Due after one year through five years	134
Due after five years through 10 years	22,433
Due after 10 years	19,360
Total	41,927
Held-to-maturity securities, Fair value
Due in one year or less	0
Due after one year through five years	134
Due after five years through 10 years	22,466
Due after 10 years	19,360
Total	$ 41,960
Held-to-maturity securities, Average yield
Due in one year or less	0.00%
Due after one year through five years	5.94%
Due after five years through 10 years	5.57%
Due after 10 years	5.73%
Average yield	5.65%

Derivative Instruments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Schedule of uses and disclosure of derivatives

The following table outlines the Firm’s primary uses of derivatives and the related hedge accounting designation or disclosure category.

Type of Derivative

Use of Derivative

Designation and disclosure

Affected segment or unit

Page reference

Manage specifically identified risk exposures in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:

•Interest rate

Hedge fixed rate assets and liabilities

Fair value hedge

Corporate

218-219

•Interest rate

Hedge floating-rate assets and liabilities

Cash flow hedge

Corporate

220

•Foreign exchange

Hedge foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities

Fair value hedge

Corporate

218-219

•Foreign exchange

Hedge foreign currency-denominated forecasted revenue and expense

Cash flow hedge

Corporate

220

•Foreign exchange

Hedge the value of the Firm’s investments in non-U.S. dollar functional currency entities

Net investment hedge

Corporate

221

•Commodity

Hedge commodity inventory

Fair value hedge

CIB, AWM

218-219

Manage specifically identified risk exposures not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:

•Interest rate

Manage the risk associated with mortgage commitments, warehouse loans and MSRs

Specified risk management

CCB

221

•Credit

Manage the credit risk associated with wholesale lending exposures

Specified risk management

CIB, AWM

221

•Interest rate and foreign exchange

Manage the risk associated with certain other specified assets and liabilities

Specified risk management

Corporate, CIB

221

Market-making derivatives and other activities:

•Various

Market-making and related risk management

Market-making and other

CIB

221

•Various

Other derivatives

Market-making and other

CIB, AWM, Corporate

221

Notional amount of derivative contracts

The following table summarizes the notional amount of free-standing derivative contracts outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.


	Notional amounts(b)
December 31, (in billions)	2024		2023
Interest rate contracts
Swaps	$	20,437	$	23,251
Futures and forwards	3,067		2,690
Written options	3,067		3,370
Purchased options	3,089		3,362
Total interest rate contracts	29,660		32,673
Credit derivatives(a)	1,191		1,045
Foreign exchange contracts
Cross-currency swaps	4,509		4,721
Spot, futures and forwards	7,005		6,957
Written options	1,015		830
Purchased options	984		798
Total foreign exchange contracts	13,513		13,306
Equity contracts
Swaps	850		639
Futures and forwards	206		157
Written options	914		778
Purchased options	788		698
Total equity contracts	2,758		2,272
Commodity contracts
Swaps	148		115
Spot, futures and forwards	191		157
Written options	137		130
Purchased options	125		115
Total commodity contracts	601		517
Total derivative notional amounts	$	47,723	$	49,813

(a)Refer to the Credit derivatives discussion on pages 222–224 for more information on volumes and types of credit derivative contracts.

(b)Represents the sum of gross long and gross short third-party notional derivative contracts.

Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets

The following table summarizes information on derivative receivables and payables (before and after netting adjustments) that are reflected on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, by accounting designation (e.g., whether the derivatives were designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships or not) and contract type.


Free-standing derivative receivables and payables(a)
	Gross derivative receivables								Gross derivative payables
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Not designated as hedges		Designated as hedges		Total derivative receivables		Net derivative receivables(b)		Not designated as hedges		Designated as hedges		Total derivative payables		Net derivative payables(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate	$	290,734	$	—	$	290,734	$	24,945	$	274,226	$	2	$	274,228	$	9,239
Credit	11,087		—		11,087		814		13,796		—		13,796		1,898
Foreign exchange	261,035		1,885		262,920		25,312		253,289		1,278		254,567		15,597
Equity	85,220		—		85,220		5,285		96,139		—		96,139		8,648
Commodity	15,490		136		15,626		4,611		14,415		73		14,488		4,279
Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities	$	663,566	$	2,021	$	665,587	$	60,967	$	651,865	$	1,353	$	653,218	$	39,661

	Gross derivative receivables								Gross derivative payables
December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Not designated as hedges		Designated as hedges		Total derivative receivables		Net derivative receivables(b)		Not designated as hedges		Designated as hedges		Total derivative payables		Net derivative payables(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate	$	250,689	$	2	$	250,691	$	26,324	$	240,482	$	—	$	240,482	$	11,896
Credit	9,654		—		9,654		551		12,038		—		12,038		1,089
Foreign exchange	205,010		765		205,775		18,019		210,623		1,640		212,263		12,620
Equity	57,689		—		57,689		4,928		65,811		—		65,811		9,368
Commodity	15,228		211		15,439		5,042		16,286		92		16,378		5,874
Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities	$	538,270	$	978	$	539,248	$	54,864	$	545,240	$	1,732	$	546,972	$	40,847

(a)Balances exclude structured notes for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 3 for further information.

(b)As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to net derivative receivables and derivative payables and the related cash collateral receivables and payables when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists.

Offsetting assets

The following tables present, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, gross and net derivative receivables and payables by contract and settlement type. Derivative receivables and payables, as well as the related cash collateral from the same counterparty, have been netted on the Consolidated balance sheets where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement. Where such a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, amounts are not eligible for netting on the Consolidated balance sheets, and those derivative receivables and payables are shown separately in the tables.

In addition to the cash collateral received and transferred that is presented on a net basis with derivative receivables and payables, the Firm receives and transfers additional collateral (financial instruments and cash). These amounts mitigate counterparty credit risk associated with the Firm’s derivative instruments, but are not eligible for net presentation:

•collateral that consists of liquid securities and other cash collateral held at third-party custodians, which are shown separately as "Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets" in the tables, up to the fair value exposure amount. For the purpose of this disclosure, the definition of liquid securities is consistent with the definition of high quality liquid assets as defined in the LCR rule;

•the amount of collateral held or transferred that exceeds the fair value exposure at the individual counterparty level, as of the date presented, which is excluded from the tables; and

•collateral held or transferred that relates to derivative receivables or payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained with respect to the master netting agreement, which is excluded from the tables.


	2024							2023
December 31, (in millions)	Gross derivative receivables		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets		Net derivative receivables			Gross derivative receivables		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets		Net derivative receivables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative receivables
Interest rate contracts:
OTC	$	158,202	$	(134,791)	$	23,411		$	176,901	$	(152,703)	$	24,198
OTC–cleared	130,989		(130,810)		179			71,419		(71,275)		144
Exchange-traded(a)	190		(188)		2			402		(389)		13
Total interest rate contracts	289,381		(265,789)		23,592			248,722		(224,367)		24,355
Credit contracts:
OTC	8,680		(8,030)		650			7,637		(7,226)		411
OTC–cleared	2,267		(2,243)		24			1,904		(1,877)		27
Total credit contracts	10,947		(10,273)		674			9,541		(9,103)		438
Foreign exchange contracts:
OTC	259,608		(236,931)		22,677			203,624		(187,295)		16,329
OTC–cleared	685		(677)		8			469		(459)		10
Exchange-traded(a)	34		—		34			6		(2)		4
Total foreign exchange contracts	260,327		(237,608)		22,719			204,099		(187,756)		16,343
Equity contracts:
OTC	33,269		(30,742)		2,527			25,001		(23,677)		1,324
Exchange-traded(a)	51,040		(49,193)		1,847			30,462		(29,084)		1,378
Total equity contracts	84,309		(79,935)		4,374			55,463		(52,761)		2,702
Commodity contracts:
OTC	8,340		(5,848)		2,492			8,049		(5,084)		2,965
OTC–cleared	126		(84)		42			133		(123)		10
Exchange-traded(a)	5,179		(5,083)		96			5,214		(5,190)		24
Total commodity contracts	13,645		(11,015)		2,630			13,396		(10,397)		2,999
Derivative receivables with appropriate legal opinion	658,609		(604,620)		53,989		(d)	531,221		(484,384)		46,837		(d)
Derivative receivables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained	6,978				6,978			8,027				8,027
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets	$	665,587			$	60,967		$	539,248			$	54,864
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)(c)					(28,160)							(22,461)
Net amounts					$	32,807						$	32,403

Offsetting liabilities


	2024							2023
December 31, (in millions)	Gross derivative payables		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets		Net derivative payables			Gross derivative payables		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets		Net derivative payables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative payables
Interest rate contracts:
OTC	$	138,215	$	(130,375)	$	7,840		$	161,901	$	(152,467)	$	9,434
OTC–cleared	134,555		(134,262)		293			76,007		(75,729)		278
Exchange-traded(a)	363		(352)		11			436		(390)		46
Total interest rate contracts	273,133		(264,989)		8,144			238,344		(228,586)		9,758
Credit contracts:
OTC	11,381		(10,133)		1,248			10,332		(9,313)		1,019
OTC–cleared	1,779		(1,765)		14			1,639		(1,636)		3
Total credit contracts	13,160		(11,898)		1,262			11,971		(10,949)		1,022
Foreign exchange contracts:
OTC	251,860		(238,292)		13,568			209,386		(199,173)		10,213
OTC–cleared	772		(678)		94			552		(470)		82
Exchange-traded(a)	14		—		14			6		—		6
Total foreign exchange contracts	252,646		(238,970)		13,676			209,944		(199,643)		10,301
Equity contracts:
OTC	44,394		(38,298)		6,096			29,999		(27,360)		2,639
Exchange-traded(a)	49,578		(49,193)		385			33,137		(29,083)		4,054
Total equity contracts	93,972		(87,491)		6,481			63,136		(56,443)		6,693
Commodity contracts:
OTC	6,918		(5,206)		1,712			8,788		(5,192)		3,596
OTC–cleared	84		(84)		—			120		(120)		—
Exchange-traded(a)	5,182		(4,919)		263			5,376		(5,192)		184
Total commodity contracts	12,184		(10,209)		1,975			14,284		(10,504)		3,780
Derivative payables with appropriate legal opinion	645,095		(613,557)		31,538		(d)	537,679		(506,125)		31,554		(d)
Derivative payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained	8,123				8,123			9,293				9,293
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets	$	653,218			$	39,661		$	546,972			$	40,847
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)(c)					(10,163)							(4,547)
Net amounts					$	29,498						$	36,300

(a)Exchange-traded derivative balances that relate to futures contracts are settled daily.

(b)Includes liquid securities and other cash collateral held at third-party custodians related to derivative instruments where an appropriate legal opinion has been obtained. For some counterparties, the collateral amounts of financial instruments may exceed the derivative receivables and derivative payables balances. Where this is the case, the total amount reported is limited to the net derivative receivables and net derivative payables balances with that counterparty.

(c)Derivative collateral relates only to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments.

(d)Net derivatives receivable included cash collateral netted of $51.9 billion and $48.3 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Net derivatives payable included cash collateral netted of $60.8 billion and $70.0 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Derivative cash collateral relates to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments.

Current credit risk of derivative receivables and liquidity risk of derivative payables

The following table shows the aggregate fair value of net derivative payables related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives that contain contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade, and the associated collateral the Firm has posted in the normal course of business, at December 31, 2024 and 2023.


OTC and OTC-cleared derivative payables containing downgrade triggers
(in millions)	December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Aggregate fair value of net derivative payables		$	15,371		$	14,655
Collateral posted		15,204			14,673

The following table shows the impact of a single-notch and two-notch downgrade of the long-term issuer ratings of JPMorgan Chase & Co. and its subsidiaries, predominantly JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., at December 31, 2024 and 2023, related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative contracts with contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade. Derivatives contracts generally require additional collateral to be posted or terminations to be triggered when the predefined rating threshold is breached. A downgrade by a single rating agency that does not result in a rating lower than a preexisting corresponding rating provided by another major rating agency will generally not result in additional collateral (except in certain instances in which additional initial margin may be required upon a ratings downgrade), nor in termination payment requirements. The liquidity impact in the table is calculated based upon a downgrade below the lowest current rating of the rating agencies referred to in the derivative contract.


Liquidity impact of downgrade triggers on OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives
	December 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Single-notch downgrade		Two-notch downgrade		Single-notch downgrade		Two-notch downgrade
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade(a)	$	119	$	1,205	$	75	$	1,153
Amount required to settle contracts with termination triggers upon downgrade(b)	78		458		93		592

(a)Includes the additional collateral to be posted for initial margin.

(b)Amounts represent fair values of derivative payables, and do not reflect collateral posted.

Fair value hedge gains and losses

The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in fair value hedge accounting relationships, as well as pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives and the related hedged items for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Firm includes gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income as the related hedged item.


	Gains/(losses) recorded in income						Income statement impact of excluded components(e)				OCI impact
Year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Derivatives		Hedged items		Income statement impact		Amortization approach		Changes in fair value		Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)	$	711	$	(65)	$	646	$	—	$	699	$	—
Foreign exchange(c)	(177)		402		225		(532)		225		(115)
Commodity(d)	293		(160)		133		—		122		—
Total	$	827	$	177	$	1,004	$	(532)	$	1,046	$	(115)

	Gains/(losses) recorded in income						Income statement impact of excluded components(e)				OCI impact
Year ended December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Derivatives		Hedged items		Income statement impact		Amortization approach		Changes in fair value		Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)	$	1,554	$	(1,248)	$	306	$	—	$	157	$	—
Foreign exchange(c)	722		(483)		239		(601)		239		(134)
Commodity(d)	1,227		(706)		521		—		525		—
Total	$	3,503	$	(2,437)	$	1,066	$	(601)	$	921	$	(134)

	Gains/(losses) recorded in income						Income statement impact of excluded components(e)				OCI impact
Year ended December 31, 2022 (in millions)	Derivatives		Hedged items		Income statement impact		Amortization approach		Changes in fair value		Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)	$	(14,352)	$	14,047	$	(305)	$	—	$	(262)	$	—
Foreign exchange(c)	(1,317)		1,423		106		(528)		106		130
Commodity(d)	106		(70)		36		—		48		—
Total	$	(15,563)	$	15,400	$	(163)	$	(528)	$	(108)	$	130

(a)Primarily consists of hedges of the benchmark (e.g., Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”)) interest rate risk of fixed-rate long-term debt and AFS securities. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.

(b)Includes the amortization of income/expense associated with the inception hedge accounting adjustment applied to the hedged item. Excludes the accrual of interest on interest rate swaps and the related hedged items.

(c)Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of long-term debt and AFS securities for changes in spot foreign currency rates. Gains and losses related to the derivatives and the hedged items due to changes in foreign currency rates and the income statement impact of excluded components were recorded primarily in principal transactions revenue and net interest income.

(d)Consists of overall fair value hedges of physical commodities inventories that are generally carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value (net realizable value approximates fair value). Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.

(e)The assessment of hedge effectiveness excludes certain components of the changes in fair values of the derivatives and hedged items such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts, time values and cross-currency basis spreads. Excluded components may impact earnings either through amortization of the initial amount over the life of the derivative or through fair value changes recognized in the current period.

(f)Represents the change in value of amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness under the amortization approach, predominantly cross-currency basis spreads. The amount excluded at inception of the hedge is recognized in earnings over the life of the derivative.

Schedule of amounts recorded on Consolidated Balance Sheets related to certain cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the following amounts were recorded on the Consolidated balance sheets related to certain cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that are expected to reverse through the income statement in future periods as an adjustment to yield.


	Carrying amount of the hedged items(a)(b)			Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items: (d)
December 31, 2024 (in millions)				Active hedging relationships		Discontinued hedging relationships(e)		Total
Assets
Investment securities - AFS	$	203,141	(c)	$	(1,675)	$	(1,959)	$	(3,634)
Liabilities
Long-term debt	$	211,288		$	(3,711)	$	(9,332)	$	(13,043)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	$	5,312		$	(30)	$	(5)	$	(35)

	Carrying amount of the hedged items(a)(b)			Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items: (d)
December 31, 2023 (in millions)				Active hedging relationships		Discontinued hedging relationships(e)		Total
Assets
Investment securities - AFS	$	151,752	(c)	$	549	$	(2,010)	$	(1,461)
Liabilities
Long-term debt	$	195,455		$	(2,042)	$	(9,727)	$	(11,769)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—

(a)Excludes physical commodities with a carrying value of $6.2 billion and $5.6 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, to which the Firm applies fair value hedge accounting. As a result of the application of hedge accounting, these inventories are carried at fair value, thus recognizing unrealized gains and losses in current periods. Since the Firm exits these positions at fair value, there is no incremental impact to net income in future periods.

(b)Excludes hedged items where only foreign currency risk is the designated hedged risk, as basis adjustments related to foreign currency hedges will not reverse through the income statement in future periods. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying amount excluded for AFS securities was $28.7 billion and $19.3 billion, respectively. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the carrying amount excluded for long-term debt was $518 million and zero, respectively.

(c)Carrying amount represents the amortized cost, net of allowance if applicable. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the amortized cost of the portfolio layer method closed portfolios was $72.8 billion and $83.9 billion, of which $41.2 billion and $68.0 billion was designated as hedged, respectively. The amount designated as hedged is the sum of the notional amounts of all outstanding layers in each portfolio, which includes both spot starting and forward starting layers. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the cumulative amount of basis adjustments was $(1.7) billion and $(165) million, which is comprised of $(1.2) billion and $73 million for active hedging relationships, and $(566) million and $(238) million for discontinued hedging relationships, respectively. Refer to Note 10 for additional information.

(d)Positive (negative) amounts related to assets represent cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that will reduce (increase) net interest income in future periods. Positive (negative) amounts related to liabilities represent cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustments that will increase (reduce) net interest income in future periods.

(e)Represents basis adjustments existing on the balance sheet date associated with hedged items that have been de-designated from qualifying fair value hedging relationships.

Cash flow hedge gains and losses

The following tables present derivative instruments, by contract type, used in cash flow hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such derivatives, for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Firm includes the gains/(losses) on the hedging derivative in the same line item in the Consolidated statements of income as the change in cash flows on the related hedged item.


	Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income			Amounts recorded in OCI			Total change in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)		$	(2,668)		$	(3,603)		$	(935)
Foreign exchange(b)		89			(139)			(228)
Total		$	(2,579)		$	(3,742)		$	(1,163)


	Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Year ended December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income			Amounts recorded in OCI			Total change in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)		$	(1,839)		$	274		$	2,113
Foreign exchange(b)		64			209			145
Total		$	(1,775)		$	483		$	2,258

	Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Year ended December 31, 2022 (in millions)	Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income			Amounts recorded in OCI			Total change in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)		$	(153)		$	(7,131)		$	(6,978)
Foreign exchange(b)		(267)			(342)			(75)
Total		$	(420)		$	(7,473)		$	(7,053)

(a)Primarily consists of hedges of SOFR-indexed floating-rate assets. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.

(b)Primarily consists of hedges of the foreign currency risk of non-U.S. dollar-denominated revenue and expense. The income statement classification of gains and losses follows the hedged item – primarily noninterest revenue and compensation expense.

Net investment hedge gains and losses

The following table presents hedging instruments, by contract type, that were used in net investment hedge accounting relationships, and the pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on such instruments for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.


	2024		2023		2022
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Amounts recorded in income(a)(b)	Amounts recorded in OCI	Amounts recorded in income(a)(b)	Amounts recorded in OCI	Amounts recorded in income(a)(b)	Amounts recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives	$467	$4,411	$384	$(1,732)	$(123)	$3,591

(a)Certain components of hedging derivatives are permitted to be excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, such as forward points on foreign exchange forward contracts. The Firm elects to record changes in fair value of these amounts directly in other income.

(b)Excludes amounts reclassified from AOCI to income on the sale or liquidation of hedged entities. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Firm reclassified a net pre-tax gain of $89 million to other income/expense. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Firm reclassified a net pre-tax loss of $(35) million to other revenue including the impact of the acquisition of CIFM. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Firm reclassified net pre-tax gains of $38 million to other income/expense related to the liquidation of certain legal entities. Refer to Note 24 for further information.

Risk management derivatives gains and losses (not designated as hedging instruments)

The following table presents pre-tax gains/(losses) recorded on a limited number of derivatives, not designated in hedge accounting relationships, that are used to manage risks associated with certain specified assets and liabilities, including certain risks arising from mortgage commitments, warehouse loans, MSRs, wholesale lending exposures, and foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities.


	Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Contract type
Interest rate(a)	$	(425)	$	(135)	$	(827)
Credit(b)	(604)		(441)		51
Foreign exchange(c)	(10)		(2)		(48)
Total	$	(1,039)	$	(578)	$	(824)

(a)Primarily represents interest rate derivatives used to hedge the interest rate risk inherent in mortgage commitments, warehouse loans and MSRs, as well as written commitments to originate warehouse loans. Gains and losses were recorded predominantly in mortgage fees and related income.

(b)Relates to credit derivatives used to mitigate credit risk associated with lending exposures in the Firm’s wholesale businesses. These derivatives do not include credit derivatives used to mitigate counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables, which is included in gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.

(c)Primarily relates to derivatives used to mitigate foreign exchange risk of specified foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities. Gains and losses were recorded in principal transactions revenue.

Credit derivatives and credit-related notes


Total credit derivatives and credit-related notes
	Maximum payout/Notional amount
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Protection sold		Protection purchased with identical underlyings(c)		Net protection (sold)/purchased(d)		Other protection purchased(e)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps	$	(450,184)	$	474,554	$	24,370	$	6,858
Other credit derivatives(a)	(110,913)		137,927		27,014		10,169
Total credit derivatives	(561,097)		612,481		51,384		17,027
Credit-related notes(b)	—		—		—		10,471
Total	$	(561,097)	$	612,481	$	51,384	$	27,498

	Maximum payout/Notional amount
December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Protection sold		Protection purchased with identical underlyings(c)		Net protection (sold)/purchased(d)		Other protection purchased(e)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps	$	(450,172)	$	473,823	$	23,651	$	7,517
Other credit derivatives(a)	(38,846)		45,416		6,570		29,206
Total credit derivatives	(489,018)		519,239		30,221		36,723
Credit-related notes(b)	—		—		—		9,788
Total	$	(489,018)	$	519,239	$	30,221	$	46,511

(a)Other credit derivatives predominantly consist of credit swap options and total return swaps.

(b)Predominantly represents Other protection purchased by CIB.

(c)Represents the total notional amount of protection purchased where the underlying reference instrument is identical to the reference instrument on protection sold; the notional amount of protection purchased for each individual identical underlying reference instrument may be greater or lower than the notional amount of protection sold.

(d)Does not take into account the fair value of the reference obligation at the time of settlement, which would generally reduce the amount the seller of protection pays to the buyer of protection in determining settlement value.

(e)Represents protection purchased by the Firm on referenced instruments (single-name, portfolio or index) where the Firm has not sold any protection on the identical reference instrument. Also includes credit protection against certain loans and lending-related commitments in the retained lending portfolio through the issuance of credit derivatives and credit-related notes.

Protection sold - credit derivatives and credit-related notes ratings/maturity profile

The following tables summarize the notional amounts by the ratings, maturity profile, and total fair value, of credit derivatives as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, where JPMorganChase is the seller of protection. The maturity profile is based on the remaining contractual maturity of the credit derivative contracts. The ratings profile is based on the rating of the reference entity on which the credit derivative contract is based. The ratings and maturity profile of credit derivatives where JPMorganChase is the purchaser of protection are comparable to the profile reflected below.


Protection sold – credit derivatives ratings(a)/maturity profile
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	<1 year		1–5 years		>5 years		Total notional amount		Fair value of receivables(b)		Fair value of payables(b)		Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade	$	(135,950)	$	(277,052)	$	(33,379)	$	(446,381)	$	4,593	$	(904)	$	3,689
Noninvestment-grade	(42,149)		(70,525)		(2,042)		(114,716)		1,889		(1,738)		151
Total	$	(178,099)	$	(347,577)	$	(35,421)	$	(561,097)	$	6,482	$	(2,642)	$	3,840


December 31, 2023 (in millions)	<1 year		1–5 years		>5 years		Total notional amount		Fair value of receivables(b)		Fair value of payables(b)		Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade	$	(89,981)	$	(263,834)	$	(29,470)	$	(383,285)	$	3,659	$	(1,144)	$	2,515
Noninvestment-grade	(31,419)		(69,515)		(4,799)		(105,733)		2,466		(1,583)		883
Total	$	(121,400)	$	(333,349)	$	(34,269)	$	(489,018)	$	6,125	$	(2,727)	$	3,398

(a)The ratings scale is primarily based on external credit ratings defined by S&P and Moody’s.

(b)Amounts are shown on a gross basis, before the benefit of legally enforceable master netting agreements including cash collateral netting.

Allowance for Credit Losses (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Credit Loss [Abstract]

Allowance for credit losses on financing receivables


(Table continued on next page)
	2024
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card		Credit card		Wholesale		Total
Allowance for loan losses
Beginning balance at January 1,	$	1,856	$	12,450	$	8,114	$	22,420
Cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle(a)	NA		NA		NA		NA
Gross charge-offs	1,299		8,198		1,022		10,519
Gross recoveries collected	(625)		(1,056)		(200)		(1,881)
Net charge-offs	674		7,142		822		8,638
Provision for loan losses	624		9,292		578		10,494
Other	1		—		68		69
Ending balance at December 31,	$	1,807	$	14,600	$	7,938	$	24,345

Allowance for lending-related commitments
Beginning balance at January 1,	$	75	$	—	$	1,899	$	1,974

Provision for lending-related commitments	7		—		121		128
Other	—		—		(1)		(1)
Ending balance at December 31,	$	82	$	—	$	2,019	$	2,101
Total allowance for investment securities	NA		NA		NA		$	152
Total allowance for credit losses(b)	$	1,889	$	14,600	$	9,957	$	26,598

Allowance for loan losses by impairment methodology
Asset-specific(c)	$	(728)	$	—	$	526	$	(202)
Portfolio-based	2,535		14,600		7,412		24,547
Total allowance for loan losses	$	1,807	$	14,600	$	7,938	$	24,345

Loans by impairment methodology
Asset-specific(c)	$	2,805	$	—	$	3,912	$	6,717
Portfolio-based	373,529		232,860		686,484		1,292,873
Total retained loans	$	376,334	$	232,860	$	690,396	$	1,299,590

Collateral-dependent loans
Net charge-offs	$	1	$	—	$	324	$	325
Loans measured at fair value of collateral less cost to sell	2,696		—		1,834		4,530

Allowance for lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	$	—	$	—	$	109	$	109
Portfolio-based	82		—		1,910		1,992
Total allowance for lending-related commitments(d)	$	82	$	—	$	2,019	$	2,101

Lending-related commitments by impairment methodology
Asset-specific	$	—	$	—	$	737	$	737
Portfolio-based(e)	25,608		19		510,254		535,881
Total lending-related commitments	$	25,608	$	19	$	510,991	$	536,618

(c)Includes collateral-dependent loans, including those for which foreclosure is deemed probable, and nonaccrual risk-rated loans.

(d)The allowance for lending-related commitments is reported in accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.


(table continued from previous page)
2023								2022
Consumer, excluding credit card		Credit card		Wholesale		Total		Consumer, excluding credit card		Credit card		Wholesale		Total

$	2,040	$	11,200	$	6,486	$	19,726	$	1,765	$	10,250	$	4,371	$	16,386
(489)		(100)		2		(587)		NA		NA		NA		NA
1,151		5,491		1,011		7,653		812		3,192		322		4,326
(519)		(793)		(132)		(1,444)		(543)		(789)		(141)		(1,473)
632		4,698		879		6,209		269		2,403		181		2,853
936		6,048		2,484		9,468		543		3,353		2,293		6,189
1		—		21		22		1		—		3		4
$	1,856	$	12,450	$	8,114	$	22,420	$	2,040	$	11,200	$	6,486	$	19,726

$	76	$	—	$	2,306	$	2,382	$	113	$	—	$	2,148	$	2,261

(1)		—		(407)		(408)		(37)		—		157		120
—		—		—		—		—		—		1		1
$	75	$	—	$	1,899	$	1,974	$	76	$	—	$	2,306	$	2,382
NA		NA		NA		$	128	NA		NA		NA		$	96
$	1,931	$	12,450	$	10,013	$	24,522	$	2,116	$	11,200	$	8,792	$	22,204


$	(876)	$	—	$	392	$	(484)	$	(624)	$	223	$	467	$	66
2,732		12,450		7,722		22,904		2,664		10,977		6,019		19,660
$	1,856	$	12,450	$	8,114	$	22,420	$	2,040	$	11,200	$	6,486	$	19,726


$	3,287	$	—	$	2,338	$	5,625	$	11,978	$	796	$	2,189	$	14,963
393,988		211,123		670,134		1,275,245		288,775		184,379		601,481		1,074,635
$	397,275	$	211,123	$	672,472	$	1,280,870	$	300,753	$	185,175	$	603,670	$	1,089,598


$	6	$	—	$	180	$	186	$	(33)	$	—	$	16	$	(17)
3,216		—		1,012		4,228		3,585		—		464		4,049


$	—	$	—	$	89	$	89	$	—	$	—	$	90	$	90
75		—		1,810		1,885		76		—		2,216		2,292
$	75	$	—	$	1,899	$	1,974	$	76	$	—	$	2,306	$	2,382


$	—	$	—	$	464	$	464	$	—	$	—	$	455	$	455
28,248		—		516,577		544,825		20,423		—		461,688		482,111
$	28,248	$	—	$	517,041	$	545,289	$	20,423	$	—	$	462,143	$	482,566

U.S. unemployment rates and cumulative change in U.S. real GDP

The following table presents the Firm’s central case assumptions for the periods presented:


	Central case assumptions at December 31, 2024
	2Q25		4Q25		2Q26
U.S. unemployment rate(a)	4.5	%	4.3	%	4.3	%
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP(b)	2.0	%	1.9	%	1.8	%


	Central case assumptions at December 31, 2023
	2Q24		4Q24		2Q25
U.S. unemployment rate(a)	4.1	%	4.4	%	4.1	%
YoY growth in U.S. real GDP(b)	1.8	%	0.7	%	1.0	%

(a)Reflects quarterly average of forecasted U.S. unemployment rate.

(b)The year over year growth in U.S. real GDP in the forecast horizon of the central scenario is calculated as the percentage change in U.S. real GDP levels from the prior year.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)

AOCI includes the after-tax change in unrealized gains and losses on investment securities, foreign currency translation adjustments (including the impact of related derivatives), fair value changes of excluded components on fair value hedges, cash flow hedging activities, net gain/(loss) related to the Firm’s defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, and fair value option-elected liabilities arising from changes in the Firm’s own credit risk (DVA).


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities				Translation adjustments, net of hedges			Fair value hedges		Cash flow hedges			Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans			DVA on fair value option elected liabilities			Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)

Balance at December 31, 2021		$	2,640			$	(934)	$	(131)		$	(296)		$	(210)		$	(1,153)		$	(84)

Net change		(11,764)				(611)		98			(5,360)			(1,241)			1,621			(17,257)
Balance at December 31, 2022		$	(9,124)	(a)		$	(1,545)	$	(33)		$	(5,656)		$	(1,451)		$	468		$	(17,341)




Net change		5,381				329		(101)			1,724			373			(808)			6,898
Balance at December 31, 2023		$	(3,743)	(a)		$	(1,216)	$	(134)		$	(3,932)		$	(1,078)		$	(340)		$	(10,443)




Net change		(87)				(858)		(87)			(882)			(63)			(36)			(2,013)
Balance at December 31, 2024		$	(3,830)	(a)		$	(2,074)	$	(221)		$	(4,814)		$	(1,141)		$	(376)		$	(12,456)

(a)Included after-tax net unamortized unrealized gains/(losses) of $(651) million, $(895) million, and $(1.3) billion for the years ended 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to AFS securities that have been transferred to HTM. As of December 31, 2023 included after-tax net unamortized unrealized gains/(losses) of $(29) million related to HTM securities that have been transferred to AFS as permitted by the new hedge accounting guidance adopted on January 1, 2023. Refer to Note 10 for further information.

Changes of the components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)

The following table presents the pre-tax and after-tax changes in the components of OCI.


	2024						2023						2022
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Pre-tax		Tax effect		After-tax		Pre-tax		Tax effect		After-tax		Pre-tax		Tax effect		After-tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period	$	(1,135)	$	274	$	(861)	$	3,891	$	(922)	$	2,969	$	(17,862)	$	4,290	$	(13,572)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income(a)	1,021		(247)		774		3,180		(768)		2,412		2,380		(572)		1,808
Net change	(114)		27		(87)		7,071		(1,690)		5,381		(15,482)		3,718		(11,764)
Translation adjustments(b):
Translation	(4,385)		250		(4,135)		1,714		(95)		1,619		(3,574)		265		(3,309)
Hedges	4,322		(1,045)		3,277		(1,697)		407		(1,290)		3,553		(855)		2,698
Net change	(63)		(795)		(858)		17		312		329		(21)		(590)		(611)
Fair value hedges, net change(c)	(115)		28		(87)		(134)		33		(101)		130		(32)		98
Cash flow hedges:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period	(3,742)		904		(2,838)		483		(114)		369		(7,473)		1,794		(5,679)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income(d)	2,579		(623)		1,956		1,775		(420)		1,355		420		(101)		319
Net change	(1,163)		281		(882)		2,258		(534)		1,724		(7,053)		1,693		(5,360)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, net change(e)	(131)		68		(63)		421		(48)		373		(1,459)		218		(1,241)
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change	(45)		9		(36)		(1,066)		258		(808)		2,141		(520)		1,621
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	$	(1,631)	$	(382)	$	(2,013)	$	8,567	$	(1,669)	$	6,898	$	(21,744)	$	4,487	$	(17,257)

(a)The pre-tax amount is reported in Investment securities gains/(losses) in the Consolidated statements of income.

(b)Reclassifications of pre-tax realized gains/(losses) on translation adjustments and related hedges are reported in other income/expense in the Consolidated statements of income. During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Firm reclassified a net pre-tax gain of $7 million to other income/expense, of which $89 million gain related to net investment hedges and $(82) million loss related to cumulative translation adjustments. During the year ended December 31, 2023, the Firm reclassified a net pre-tax loss of $(3) million. During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Firm reclassified a net pre-tax loss of $(8) million.

(c)Represents changes in fair value of cross-currency swaps attributable to changes in cross-currency basis spreads, which are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness and recorded in other comprehensive income. The initial cost of cross-currency basis spreads is recognized in earnings as part of the accrual of interest on the cross-currency swaps.

(d)The pre-tax amounts are primarily recorded in noninterest revenue, net interest income and compensation expense in the Consolidated statements of income.

(e)During the year ended December 31, 2022, a remeasurement of the Firm’s U.S. principal defined benefit plan in the third quarter, was required as a result of a pension settlement. The remeasurement resulted in a net decrease of $1.4 billion in pre-tax AOCI.

Premises and Equipment

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment

Premises and equipment includes land carried at cost, as well as buildings, leasehold improvements, internal-use software and furniture and equipment carried at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. The Firm’s operating lease right-of-use assets are also included in Premises and equipment. Refer to Note 18 for a further discussion of the Firm’s right-of-use assets.

The following table presents certain components of Premises and equipment.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Land, buildings and leasehold improvements	$	16,874	$	14,862
Right-of-use assets(a)	7,930		7,917
Other premises and equipment(b)	7,419		7,378
Total premises and equipment	$	32,223	$	30,157

(a)Excluded $564 million and $514 million of right-of-use assets that were recorded in Other assets at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(b)Other premises and equipment is comprised of internal-use software and furniture and equipment.

JPMorganChase computes depreciation using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life for buildings and furniture and equipment. The Firm depreciates leasehold improvements over the lesser of the remainder of the lease term or the estimated useful life. The Firm also capitalizes certain costs associated with the acquisition or development of internal-use software. Once the software is ready for its intended use, these costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the software’s expected useful life. The estimated useful lives range from 10 to 50 years for buildings and leasehold improvements, and 3 to 10 years for internal-use software and furniture and equipment.

Impairment is assessed when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of an asset may not be fully recoverable.

Fair Value Option - Aggregate Differences (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Long-term beneficial interests
Performing loans, ninety days or more past due	$ 0	$ 0
Lending-related commitments, fair value option elected
Long-term beneficial interests
Contractual amount of lending-related commitments	12,200,000,000	9,700,000,000
Other guarantees and commitments, fair value	50,000,000	97,000,000
Contractual principal outstanding
Loans
Nonaccrual loans	5,140,000,000	3,825,000,000
All other performing loans	52,513,000,000	48,495,000,000
Total loans	57,703,000,000	52,385,000,000
Contractual principal outstanding \| Principal-protected debt
Long-term debt
Total long-term debt	57,414,000,000	47,768,000,000
Contractual principal outstanding \| Loans reported as trading assets
Loans
Nonaccrual loans	3,429,000,000	2,987,000,000
All other performing loans	12,171,000,000	9,547,000,000
Contractual principal outstanding \| Loans
Loans
Nonaccrual loans	1,711,000,000	838,000,000
90 or more days past due and government guaranteed	50,000,000	65,000,000
All other performing loans	40,342,000,000	38,948,000,000
Fair value
Loans
Nonaccrual loans	1,956,000,000	1,320,000,000
All other performing loans	50,665,000,000	46,028,000,000
Total loans	52,666,000,000	47,407,000,000
Long-term debt
Total long-term debt	100,780,000,000	87,924,000,000
Long-term beneficial interests
Total long-term beneficial interests	1,000,000	1,000,000
Fair value \| Principal-protected debt
Long-term debt
Total long-term debt	47,780,000,000	38,882,000,000
Fair value \| Nonprincipal-protected debt
Long-term debt
Total long-term debt	53,000,000,000	49,042,000,000
Long-term beneficial interests
Total long-term beneficial interests	1,000,000	1,000,000
Fair value \| Loans reported as trading assets
Loans
Nonaccrual loans	464,000,000	588,000,000
All other performing loans	10,852,000,000	7,968,000,000
Fair value \| Loans
Loans
Nonaccrual loans	1,492,000,000	732,000,000
90 or more days past due and government guaranteed	45,000,000	59,000,000
All other performing loans	39,813,000,000	38,060,000,000
Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
Loans
Nonaccrual loans, Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding	(3,184,000,000)	(2,505,000,000)
All other performing loans	(1,848,000,000)	(2,467,000,000)
Total loans	(5,037,000,000)	(4,978,000,000)
Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding \| Principal-protected debt
Long-term debt
Long-term debt, Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding	(9,634,000,000)	(8,886,000,000)
Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding \| Loans reported as trading assets
Loans
Nonaccrual loans, Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding	(2,965,000,000)	(2,399,000,000)
All other performing loans	(1,319,000,000)	(1,579,000,000)
Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding \| Loans
Loans
Nonaccrual loans, Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding	(219,000,000)	(106,000,000)
90 or more days past due and government guaranteed, Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding	(5,000,000)	(6,000,000)
All other performing loans	$ (529,000,000)	$ (888,000,000)

Pension and Other Postretirement Employee Benefit Plans - Estimated Future Benefit Payments (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
2025	$ 1,186
2026	1,155
2027	1,134
2028	1,095
2029	1,093
Years 2030–2034	$ 5,229

Loans - Credit Card Loan Portfolio, Financial Effects of TDRs and Defaults (Details) - Credit card - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Fixed payment plan period	60 months	60 months
New enrollments, percent of total retained credit card loans (less than)		1.00%
Balance of new TDRs		$ 418
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – before TDR		19.86%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – after TDR		4.13%
Balance of loans that redefaulted within one year of modification		$ 34
Number of years before payment default under a modified loan		1 year

Derivative Instruments - Credit Derivatives, Protection Sold, Notional and Fair Value (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Protection sold credit derivatives ratings/maturity profile
Less than 1 year	$ (178,099)	$ (121,400)
From 1-5 years	(347,577)	(333,349)
More than 5 years	(35,421)	(34,269)
Total notional amount	(561,097)	(489,018)
Credit derivatives, protection sold
Protection sold credit derivatives ratings/maturity profile
Fair value of receivables	6,482	6,125
Fair value of payables	(2,642)	(2,727)
Net fair value	3,840	3,398
Investment-grade
Protection sold credit derivatives ratings/maturity profile
Less than 1 year	(135,950)	(89,981)
From 1-5 years	(277,052)	(263,834)
More than 5 years	(33,379)	(29,470)
Total notional amount	(446,381)	(383,285)
Investment-grade \| Credit derivatives, protection sold
Protection sold credit derivatives ratings/maturity profile
Fair value of receivables	4,593	3,659
Fair value of payables	(904)	(1,144)
Net fair value	3,689	2,515
Noninvestment-grade
Protection sold credit derivatives ratings/maturity profile
Less than 1 year	(42,149)	(31,419)
From 1-5 years	(70,525)	(69,515)
More than 5 years	(2,042)	(4,799)
Total notional amount	(114,716)	(105,733)
Noninvestment-grade \| Credit derivatives, protection sold
Protection sold credit derivatives ratings/maturity profile
Fair value of receivables	1,889	2,466
Fair value of payables	(1,738)	(1,583)
Net fair value	$ 151	$ 883

Securities Financing Activities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Securities Financing Transactions Disclosures [Abstract]

Schedule of securities sold under repurchase agreements, netting & securities loaned

The table below summarizes the gross and net amounts of the Firm’s securities financing agreements, as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. When the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to a master netting agreement with a counterparty and where other relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP are met, the Firm nets, on the Consolidated balance sheets, the balances outstanding under its securities financing agreements with the same counterparty. In addition, the Firm exchanges securities and/or cash collateral with its counterparty to reduce the economic exposure with the counterparty, but such collateral is not eligible for net Consolidated balance sheet presentation. Where the Firm has obtained an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the counterparty master netting agreement, such

collateral, along with securities financing balances that do not meet all these relevant netting criteria under U.S. GAAP, is presented in the table below as “Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets,” and reduces the “Net amounts” presented. Where a legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained, the securities financing balances are presented gross in the “Net amounts” below. In transactions where the Firm is acting as the lender in a securities-for-securities lending agreement and receives securities that can be pledged or sold as collateral, the Firm recognizes the securities received at fair value within other assets and the obligation to return those securities within accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.


	December 31, 2024
(in millions)	Gross amounts		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets		Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets		Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)		Net amounts(c)
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements	$	607,154	$	(312,183)	$	294,971	$	(282,220)	$	12,751
Securities borrowed	267,917		(48,371)		219,546		(170,702)		48,844
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	603,683	$	(312,183)	$	291,500	$	(249,763)	$	41,737
Securities loaned and other(a)	58,989		(48,371)		10,618		(10,557)		61


	December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Gross amounts		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets		Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets		Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)		Net amounts(c)
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements	$	523,308	$	(247,181)	$	276,127	$	(267,582)	$	8,545
Securities borrowed	244,046		(43,610)		200,436		(144,543)		55,893
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	459,985	$	(247,181)	$	212,804	$	(182,011)	$	30,793
Securities loaned and other(a)	52,142		(43,610)		8,532		(8,501)		31

(a)Includes securities-for-securities lending agreements of $5.9 billion and $5.6 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, accounted for at fair value, where the Firm is acting as lender.

(b)In some cases, collateral exchanged with a counterparty exceeds the net asset or liability balance with that counterparty. In such cases, the amounts reported in this column are limited to the related net asset or liability with that counterparty.

(c)Includes securities financing agreements that provide collateral rights, but where an appropriate legal opinion with respect to the master netting agreement has not been either sought or obtained. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, included $8.7 billion and $7.1 billion, respectively, of securities purchased under resale agreements; $42.9 billion and $50.7 billion, respectively, of securities borrowed; $40.9 billion and $30.0 billion, respectively, of securities sold under repurchase agreements; and securities loaned and other which were not material

Schedule of types of assets pledged in secured financing transactions

The tables below present as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 the types of financial assets pledged in securities financing agreements and the remaining contractual maturity of the securities financing agreements.


	Gross liability balance
	2024				2023
December 31, (in millions)	Securities sold under repurchase agreements		Securities loaned and other		Securities sold under repurchase agreements		Securities loaned and other
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	$	82,645	$	—	$	71,064	$	—
Residential - nonagency	2,610		—		2,292		—
Commercial - nonagency	2,344		—		2,669		—
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies	300,022		759		216,467		1,034
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	1,872		—		2,323		—
Non-U.S. government debt	117,614		1,852		97,400		1,455
Corporate debt securities	44,495		4,033		39,247		2,025
Asset-backed securities	4,619		—		2,703		—
Equity securities	47,462		52,345		25,820		47,628
Total	$	603,683	$	58,989	$	459,985	$	52,142


	Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Overnight and continuous		Up to 30 days		30 – 90 days		Greater than 90 days		Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	308,392	$	171,346	$	19,932	$	104,013	$	603,683
Total securities loaned and other	54,066		1,463		1		3,459		58,989


	Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Overnight and continuous		Up to 30 days		30 – 90 days		Greater than 90 days		Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	259,048	$	102,941	$	20,960	$	77,036	$	459,985
Total securities loaned and other	49,610		1,544		—		988		52,142

Loans - Wholesale Loan Portfolio, Defaults of FDMs (Details) - Wholesale - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Secured by real estate
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
FDMs that defaulted	$ 3	$ 6
Commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty	0	0
Secured by real estate \| Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
FDMs that defaulted	3	1
Secured by real estate \| Other-than-insignificant payment deferral
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
FDMs that defaulted	0	2
Secured by real estate \| Term extension and interest rate reduction
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
FDMs that defaulted	0	3
Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
FDMs that defaulted	210	50
Commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty	1,800	1,800
Commercial and industrial \| Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
FDMs that defaulted	92	49
Commercial and industrial \| Other-than-insignificant payment deferral
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
FDMs that defaulted	118	0
Commercial and industrial \| Term extension and interest rate reduction
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
FDMs that defaulted	0	1
Other
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
FDMs that defaulted	22	31
Commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty	69	4
Other \| Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
FDMs that defaulted	22	31
Other \| Other-than-insignificant payment deferral
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
FDMs that defaulted	0	0
Other \| Term extension and interest rate reduction
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
FDMs that defaulted	$ 0	$ 0

Business Segments & Corporate (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions

3 Months Ended

12 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

Dec. 31, 2024

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

$ 84,973

$ 68,837

$ 61,985

92,583

89,267

66,710

177,556

158,104

128,695

10,678

9,320

6,389

51,357

46,465

41,636

91,797

87,172

76,140

75,081

61,612

46,166

16,610

12,060

8,490

58,471

49,552

37,676

312,370

282,056

253,068

$ 4,002,814

^[1]

$ 3,875,393

^[1]

$ 3,665,743

18.00%

17.00%

14.00%

Contribution of Visa shares

52.00%

55.00%

59.00%

$ 1,000

$ 0

VISA | Class C Common Shares

Net gain related to Visa shares

$ 7,900

Operating Segments | Consumer & Community Banking

16,649

15,118

14,886

54,858

55,030

39,928

71,507

70,148

54,814

9,974

6,899

3,813

17,045

15,171

13,092

Noncompensation expense

20,991

19,648

18,116

38,036

34,819

31,208

23,497

28,430

19,793

5,894

7,198

4,877

17,603

21,232

14,916

54,500

54,349

50,000

$ 650,268

$ 642,951

$ 514,085

32.00%

38.00%

29.00%

Operating Segments | Commercial & Investment Bank

53.00%

50.00%

57.00%

$ 48,253

$ 43,809

$ 39,538

21,861

20,544

20,097

70,114

64,353

59,635

762

2,091

2,426

18,191

17,105

16,214

Noncompensation expense

17,162

16,867

15,855

35,353

33,972

32,069

33,999

28,290

25,140

9,153

8,018

6,002

24,846

20,272

19,138

132,000

137,507

128,000

$ 1,773,194

$ 1,638,493

$ 1,591,402

18.00%

14.00%

Operating Segments | Asset & Wealth Management

50.00%

53.00%

54.00%

$ 15,023

$ 13,560

$ 12,507

6,555

6,267

5,241

21,578

19,827

17,748

(68)

159

128

7,984

7,115

6,336

Noncompensation expense

6,430

5,665

5,493

14,414

12,780

11,829

7,232

6,888

5,791

1,811

1,661

1,426

5,421

5,227

4,365

15,500

16,671

17,000

$ 255,385

$ 245,512

$ 232,037

34.00%

31.00%

25.00%

67.00%

64.00%

67.00%

Corporate

$ 7,608

$ 132

$ (1,798)

9,786

7,906

1,878

17,394

8,038

171

3,994

5,601

1,034

13,390

2,266

(976)

2,789

(555)

(233)

10,601

2,821

(743)

110,370

73,529

58,068

1,323,967

1,348,437

1,328,219

Reconciling Items

(2,560)

(3,782)

(3,148)

(477)

(480)

(434)

(3,037)

(4,262)

(3,582)

(3,037)

(4,262)

(3,582)

(3,037)

(4,262)

(3,582)

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

$ 0

[1]


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Assets
Trading assets	$	3,885	$	2,170
Loans	36,510		37,611
All other assets	681		591
Total assets	$	41,076	$	40,372
Liabilities
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	$	27,323	$	23,020
All other liabilities	454		263
Total liabilities	$	27,777	$	23,283

Long-term Debt

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Debt Disclosure [Abstract]

Long-term Debt

Long-term debt

JPMorganChase issues long-term debt denominated in various currencies, predominantly U.S. dollars, with both fixed and variable interest rates. Included in senior and subordinated debt below are various equity-linked or other indexed instruments, which the Firm has elected to measure at fair value. Changes in fair value are recorded in principal transactions revenue in the Consolidated statements of income, except for unrealized gains/(losses) due to DVA which are recorded in OCI. The following table is a summary of long-term debt carrying values (including unamortized premiums and discounts, issuance costs, valuation adjustments and fair value adjustments, where applicable) by remaining contractual maturity as of December 31, 2024.


By remaining maturity at December 31, (in millions, except rates)		2024													2023
		Under 1 year			1-5 years			After 5 years			Total				Total
Parent company
Senior debt:	Fixed rate	$	7,112		$	90,132		$	117,667		$	214,911			$	200,984
	Variable rate	255			6,838			1,562			8,655				8,105
	Interest rates(f)	3.04		%	3.40		%	4.02		%	3.71		%		3.32		%
Subordinated debt:	Fixed rate	$	302		$	5,582		$	8,573		$	14,457			$	17,725
	Variable rate	—			—			—			—				—
	Interest rates(f)	7.75		%	4.72		%	4.69		%	4.76		%		4.62		%
	Subtotal	$	7,669		$	102,552		$	127,802		$	238,023			$	226,814
Subsidiaries
Federal Home Loan Banks advances:	Fixed rate	$	7,582		$	1,651		$	24		$	9,257			$	23,246
	Variable rate	4,000			16,000			—			20,000				18,000
	Interest rates(f)	4.42		%	4.84		%	5.91		%	4.67		%		4.89		%
Purchase Money Note(a):	Fixed rate	$	—		$	49,208		$	—		$	49,208			$	48,989
	Interest rates(f)	—		%	3.40		%	—		%	3.40		%		3.40		%
Senior debt:	Fixed rate	$	2,361		$	16,695		$	7,489		$	26,545			$	20,745
	Variable rate	19,350			30,981			6,451			56,782				52,048
	Interest rates(f)	5.39		%	5.18%			1.44		%	3.81		%		3.91		%
Subordinated debt:	Fixed rate	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—			$	255
	Variable rate	—			—			—			—				—
	Interest rates(f)	—		%	—		%	—		%	—		%		8.25		%
	Subtotal	$	33,293		$	114,535		$	13,964		$	161,792			$	163,283
Junior subordinated debt:	Fixed rate	$	—		$	—		$	488		$	488			$	518
	Variable rate	—			421			694			1,115				1,210
	Interest rates(f)	—		%	5.35		%	7.01		%	6.58		%		7.14		%
	Subtotal	$	—		$	421		$	1,182		$	1,603			$	1,728
Total long-term debt(b)(c)(d)		$	40,962		$	217,508		$	142,948		$	401,418		(g)(h)	$	391,825
Long-term beneficial interests:
	Fixed rate	$	999		$	4,313		$	—		$	5,312			$	2,998
	Variable rate	—			27			139			166				125
	Interest rates(f)	3.97		%	4.82		%	2.92		%	4.62		%		4.69		%
Total long-term beneficial interests(e)		$	999		$	4,340		$	139		$	5,478			$	3,123

(a)Reflects the Purchase Money Note associated with First Republic. Refer to Note 34 for additional information.

(c)Included $100.8 billion and $87.9 billion of long-term debt accounted for at fair value at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The weighted-average contractual interest rates for total long-term debt excluding structured notes accounted for at fair value were 3.82% and 3.65% as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. In order to modify exposure to interest rate and currency exchange rate movements, JPMorganChase utilizes derivative instruments, primarily interest rate and cross-currency interest rate swaps, in conjunction with some of its debt issuances. The use of these instruments modifies the Firm’s interest expense on the associated debt. The modified weighted-average interest rates for total long-term debt, including the effects of related derivative instruments, were 5.15% and 5.20% as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

JPMorgan Chase & Co. has guaranteed certain long-term debt of its subsidiaries, including structured notes. These guarantees rank pari passu with the Firm’s other unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness. The amount of such guaranteed long-term debt and structured notes was $41.2 billion and $41.1 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The Firm’s unsecured debt does not contain requirements that would call for an acceleration of payments, maturities or changes in the structure of the existing debt, provide any limitations on future borrowings or require additional collateral, based on unfavorable changes in the Firm’s credit ratings, financial ratios, earnings or stock price.

Off-balance Sheet Lending-related Financial Instruments, Guarantees, and Other Commitments - Derivatives Qualifying as Guarantees (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Notional amounts
Stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure	$ 47,723,000	$ 49,813,000
Derivatives qualifying as guarantees
Notional amounts
Derivative guarantees	49,628	54,562
Stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure	32,939	32,488
Maximum exposure of stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure	1,740	1,652
Fair value
Derivative payables	$ 113	$ 89
Maximum \| Put option
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Term of written put option	5 years

Goodwill, Mortgage Servicing Rights, and Other Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Goodwill, Mortgage Servicing Rights, and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill, mortgage servicing rights, and other intangible assets

Goodwill

Goodwill is recorded upon completion of a business combination as the difference between the purchase price and the fair value of the net assets acquired, and can be adjusted up to one year from the acquisition date as additional information pertaining to facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date is obtained about the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. Subsequent to initial recognition, goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment during the fourth quarter of each fiscal year, or more often if events or circumstances, such as adverse changes in the business climate, indicate that there may be an impairment.

The goodwill associated with each business combination is allocated to the related reporting units, which are generally determined based on how the Firm’s businesses are managed and how they are reviewed. The following table presents goodwill attributed to the reportable business segments and Corporate.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Consumer & Community Banking	$	32,116	$	32,116	$	32,121
Commercial & Investment Bank	11,236		11,251		10,993
Asset & Wealth Management	8,521		8,582		7,902
Corporate	692		685		646
Total goodwill	$	52,565	$	52,634	$	51,662

The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill.


(in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	52,634	$	51,662	$	50,315
Changes during the period from:
Business combinations(a)	29		917		1,426
Other(b)	(98)		55		(79)
Balance at December 31,	$	52,565	$	52,634	$	51,662

(a)For 2024, includes estimated goodwill associated with the acquisition of LayerOne Financial in CIB. For 2023, predominantly represents estimated goodwill associated with the acquisition of the remaining 51% interest in CIFM in AWM and the acquisition of Aumni Inc., predominantly in CIB. For 2022, represents estimated goodwill associated with the acquisitions of Global Shares PLC in AWM, Frosch Travel Group, LLC and Figg, Inc. in CCB, and Renovite Technologies, Inc. and Volkswagen Payments S.A. in CIB.

(b)Primarily foreign currency adjustments.

Goodwill impairment testing

The Firm’s goodwill was not impaired at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

The goodwill impairment test is generally performed by comparing the current fair value of each reporting unit with its carrying value. If the fair value is in excess of the carrying value, then the reporting unit’s goodwill is considered not to be impaired. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, then an impairment is recognized for the amount by which the reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, up to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit.

The Firm uses the reporting units’ allocated capital plus goodwill and other intangible assets as a proxy for the carrying values of equity for the reporting units in the goodwill impairment testing. Reporting unit equity is determined on a similar basis as the allocation of capital to the LOBs which takes into consideration a variety of factors including capital levels of similarly rated peers and applicable regulatory capital requirements. LOB’s allocated capital levels are incorporated into the Firm’s annual budget process, which is reviewed by the Firm’s Board of Directors and Operating Committee.

The primary method the Firm uses to estimate the fair value of its reporting units is the income approach. This approach projects cash flows for the forecast period and uses the perpetuity growth method to calculate terminal values. These cash flows and terminal values, which are based on the reporting units’ annual budgets and forecasts are then discounted using an appropriate discount rate. The discount rate used for each reporting unit represents an estimate of the cost of equity for that reporting unit and is determined considering the Firm’s overall estimated cost of equity (estimated using the Capital Asset Pricing Model), as adjusted for the risk characteristics specific to each reporting unit (for example, for higher levels of risk or uncertainty associated with the business or management’s forecasts and assumptions). To assess the reasonableness of the discount rates used for each reporting unit, management compares the discount rate to the estimated cost of equity for publicly traded institutions with similar businesses and risk characteristics. In addition, the weighted average cost of equity (aggregating the various reporting units) is compared with the Firm’s overall estimated cost of equity for reasonableness. The valuations derived from the discounted cash flow analysis are then compared with market-based trading and transaction multiples for relevant competitors. Trading and transaction comparables are used as general indicators to assess the overall reasonableness of the estimated fair values, although precise conclusions generally cannot be drawn due to the differences that

naturally exist between the Firm’s businesses and competitor institutions.

The Firm also takes into consideration a comparison between the aggregate fair values of the Firm’s reporting units and JPMorganChase’s market capitalization. In evaluating this comparison, the Firm considers several factors, including (i) a control premium that would exist in a market transaction, (ii) factors related to the level of execution risk that would exist at the Firmwide level that do not exist at the reporting unit level and (iii) short-term market volatility and other factors that do not directly affect the value of individual reporting units.

Unanticipated declines in business performance, increases in credit losses, increases in capital requirements, as well as deterioration in economic or market conditions, adverse regulatory or legislative changes or increases in the estimated market cost of equity, could cause the estimated fair values of the Firm’s reporting units to decline in the future, which could result in a material impairment loss to earnings in a future period related to some portion of the associated goodwill.

Mortgage servicing rights

MSRs represent the fair value of expected future cash flows for performing servicing activities for others. The fair value considers estimated future servicing fees and ancillary revenue, offset by estimated costs to service the loans, and generally declines over time as net servicing cash flows are received, effectively amortizing the MSR asset against contractual servicing and ancillary fee income. MSRs are either purchased from third parties or recognized upon sale or securitization of mortgage loans if servicing is retained.

As permitted by U.S. GAAP, the Firm has elected to account for its MSRs at fair value. The Firm treats its MSRs as a single class of servicing assets based on the availability of market inputs used to measure the fair value of its MSR asset and its treatment of MSRs as one aggregate pool for risk management purposes. The Firm estimates the fair value of MSRs using an option-adjusted spread (“OAS”) model, which projects MSR cash flows over multiple interest rate scenarios in conjunction with the Firm’s prepayment model, and then discounts these cash flows at risk-adjusted rates. The model considers portfolio characteristics, contractually specified servicing fees, prepayment assumptions, delinquency rates, costs to service, late charges and other ancillary revenue, and other economic factors. The Firm compares fair value estimates and assumptions to observable market data where available, and also considers recent market activity and actual portfolio experience.

The fair value of MSRs is sensitive to changes in interest rates, including their effect on prepayment speeds. MSRs typically decrease in value when interest rates decline because declining interest rates tend to increase prepayments and therefore reduce the expected life of the net servicing cash flows that comprise the MSR asset. Conversely, securities (e.g., mortgage-backed securities), and certain derivatives (e.g., those for which the Firm receives fixed-rate

interest payments) increase in value when interest rates decline. JPMorganChase uses combinations of derivatives and securities to manage the risk of changes in the fair value of MSRs. The intent is to offset any interest-rate related changes in the fair value of MSRs with changes in the fair value of the related risk management instruments.

The following table summarizes MSR activity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.


As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions, except where otherwise noted)	2024		2023		2022
Fair value at beginning of period	$	8,522	$	7,973	$	5,494
MSR activity:
Originations of MSRs	325		253		798
Purchase of MSRs(a)	601		1,028		1,400
Disposition of MSRs(b)	(21)		(188)		(822)
Net additions/(dispositions)	905		1,093		1,376

Changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows	(1,068)		(1,011)		(936)

Changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions:
Changes due to market interest rates and other(c)	670		424		2,022
Changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions:
Projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service)	102		(22)		14
Discount rates	14		14		—
Prepayment model changes and other(d)	(24)		51		3
Total changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions	92		43		17
Total changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions	762		467		2,039
Fair value at December 31,	$	9,121	$	8,522	$	7,973
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) included in income related to MSRs held at December 31,	$	762	$	467	$	2,039
Contractual service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees included in income	1,606		1,590		1,535
Third-party mortgage loans serviced at December 31, (in billions)	652		632		584
Servicer advances, net of an allowance for uncollectible amounts, at December 31(e)	577		659		758

(a)Includes purchase price adjustments associated with MSRs purchased, primarily as a result of loans that prepaid within 90 days of settlement, allowing the Firm to recover the purchase price.

(b)Includes excess MSRs transferred to agency-sponsored trusts in exchange for stripped mortgage-backed securities (“SMBS”). In each transaction, a portion of the SMBS was acquired by third parties at the transaction date; the Firm acquired the remaining balance of those SMBS as trading securities.

(c)Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.

(d)Represents changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates.

(e)Represents amounts the Firm pays as the servicer (e.g., scheduled principal and interest, taxes and insurance), which will generally be reimbursed within a short period of time after the advance from future cash flows from the trust or the underlying loans. The Firm’s credit risk associated with these servicer advances is minimal because reimbursement of the advances is typically senior to all cash payments to investors. In addition, the Firm maintains the right to stop payment to investors if the collateral is insufficient to cover the advance. However, certain of these servicer advances may not be recoverable if they were not made in accordance with applicable rules and agreements.

The following table presents the components of mortgage fees and related income (including the impact of MSR risk management activities) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
CCB mortgage fees and related income
Production revenue	$	627	$	421	$	497

Net mortgage servicing revenue:
Operating revenue:
Loan servicing revenue	1,659		1,634		1,582
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to collection/realization of expected cash flows	(1,067)		(1,011)		(936)
Total operating revenue	592		623		646
Risk management:
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to market interest rates and other(a)	670		424		2,022
Other changes in MSR asset fair value due to other inputs and assumptions in model(b)	92		43		17
Change in derivative fair value and other	(603)		(336)		(1,946)
Total risk management	159		131		93
Total net mortgage servicing revenue	751		754		739

Total CCB mortgage fees and related income	1,378		1,175		1,236

All other	23		1		14
Mortgage fees and related income	$	1,401	$	1,176	$	1,250

(a)Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.

(b)Represents the aggregate impact of changes in model inputs and assumptions such as projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service), discount rates and changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates (e.g., changes in prepayments due to changes in home prices).

Changes in fair value based on variations in assumptions generally cannot be easily extrapolated, because the relationship of the change in the assumptions to the change in fair value are often highly interrelated and may not be linear. In the following table, the effect that a change in a particular assumption may have on the fair value is calculated without changing any other assumption. In reality, changes in one factor may result in changes in another, which would either magnify or counteract the impact of the initial change.

The table below outlines the key economic assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Firm’s MSRs at December 31, 2024 and 2023, and outlines the sensitivities of those fair values to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions, as defined below.


December 31, (in millions, except rates)	2024			2023
Weighted-average prepayment speed assumption (constant prepayment rate)	6.19		%	6.29		%
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change	$	(209)		$	(206)
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change	(406)			(401)
Weighted-average option adjusted spread(a)	5.97		%	6.10		%
Impact on fair value of 100 basis points adverse change	$	(391)		$	(369)
Impact on fair value of 200 basis points adverse change	(751)			(709)

(a)Includes the impact of operational risk and regulatory capital.

Other intangible assets

The Firm’s finite-lived and indefinite-lived other intangible assets are initially recorded at their fair value primarily upon completion of a business combination. Subsequently, the Firm’s finite-lived intangible assets, including core deposit intangibles, customer relationship intangibles, and certain other intangible assets, are amortized over their useful lives, estimated based on the expected future economic benefits to the Firm of the intangible asset. The Firm’s intangible assets with indefinite lives, such as asset management contracts, are not subject to amortization and are assessed periodically for impairment.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the gross carrying values of other intangible assets were $3.8 billion and $4.2 billion, respectively, and the accumulated amortization was $879 million and $994 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the net carrying values consist of finite-lived intangible assets of $1.7 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively, as well as indefinite-lived intangible assets, which are not subject to amortization, of $1.2 billion at both periods.

As of December 31, 2024, other intangible assets reflected core deposit and certain wealth management customer relationship intangibles related to the First Republic acquisition, and asset management contracts related to the Firm’s acquisition of the remaining 51% interest in CIFM. Refer to Note 34 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.

For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, amortization expense was $339 million and $315 million, respectively.

The following table presents estimated future amortization expense.


December 31, (in millions)	Finite-lived intangible assets
2025	$	288
2026	285
2027	284
2028	267
2029	261

Impairment testing

The Firm’s finite-lived and indefinite-lived other intangible assets are assessed for impairment annually or more often if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. Once the Firm determines that an impairment exists for an intangible asset, the impairment is recognized in other expense.

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity - USD ($) $ in Millions	Total	Preferred stock	Common stock	Additional paid-in capital	Retained earnings	Retained earnings Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles	Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	Treasury stock, at cost
Beginning balance at Dec. 31, 2021		$ 34,838	$ 4,105	$ 88,415	$ 272,268		$ (84)	$ (105,415)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance		0
Redemption		(7,434)
Shares issued and commitments to issue common stock for employee share-based compensation awards, and related tax effects				629
Other				0
Net income	$ 37,676				37,676
Preferred stock dividends					(1,595)
Common stock dividends ($4.80, $4.10 and $4.00 per share for 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively)					(11,893)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), after-tax	(17,257)						(17,257)
Repurchase			(3,122)					(3,122)
Reissuance								1,201
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2022	292,332	27,404	4,105	89,044	296,456	$ 449	(17,341)	(107,336)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance		0
Redemption		0
Shares issued and commitments to issue common stock for employee share-based compensation awards, and related tax effects				1,084
Other				0
Net income	49,552				49,552
Preferred stock dividends					(1,501)
Common stock dividends ($4.80, $4.10 and $4.00 per share for 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively)					(12,055)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), after-tax	6,898						6,898
Repurchase			(9,898)					(9,980)
Reissuance								1,099
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2023	327,878	27,404	4,105	90,128	332,901	$ (161)	(10,443)	(116,217)
Increase (Decrease) in Stockholders' Equity [Roll Forward]
Issuance		2,496
Redemption		(9,850)
Shares issued and commitments to issue common stock for employee share-based compensation awards, and related tax effects				768
Other				15
Net income	58,471				58,471
Preferred stock dividends					(1,259)
Common stock dividends ($4.80, $4.10 and $4.00 per share for 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively)					(13,786)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), after-tax	(2,013)						(2,013)
Repurchase			(18,841)					(19,007)
Reissuance								1,206
Ending balance at Dec. 31, 2024	$ 344,758	$ 20,050	$ 4,105	$ 90,911	$ 376,166		$ (12,456)	$ (134,018)

Loans - Consumer, Excluding Credit Card Loan Portfolio, Auto and Other, Nonaccrual Loans and Other Credit Quality Indicators and Loan Modifications (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 1,299,590,000,000	$ 1,280,870,000,000	$ 1,089,598,000,000
Consumer, excluding credit card
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Retained loans	376,334,000,000	397,275,000,000	$ 300,753,000,000
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Nonaccrual loans	249,000,000	177,000,000
Retained loans	66,821,000,000	70,866,000,000
Commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty	0	0
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other \| California
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Retained loans	10,321,000,000	10,959,000,000
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other \| Texas
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Retained loans	7,772,000,000	8,502,000,000
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other \| Florida
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Retained loans	5,428,000,000	5,684,000,000
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other \| New York
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Retained loans	4,905,000,000	4,938,000,000
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other \| Illinois
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Retained loans	2,890,000,000	3,147,000,000
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other \| New Jersey
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Retained loans	2,468,000,000	2,609,000,000
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other \| Pennsylvania
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Retained loans	2,012,000,000	1,900,000,000
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other \| Georgia
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Retained loans	1,716,000,000	1,912,000,000
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other \| Arizona
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Retained loans	1,643,000,000	1,779,000,000
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other \| North Carolina
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Retained loans	1,597,000,000	1,714,000,000
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Auto and other \| All other
Financing Receivable, Credit Quality Indicator [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 26,069,000,000	$ 27,722,000,000

Regulatory Capital - Narrative (Details) - Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2021
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Capital transition provisions, CECL capital benefit recognized			$ 2,900
Capital transition provisions, CECL capital benefit recognized, excluding amount phased out	$ 720	$ 1,400

Allowance for Credit Losses - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Allowance for credit losses	$ 26,900
Net addition (reduction) to the allowance for credit losses	$ 2,100
Maximum
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Accrued interest on other receivables, write-off criteria, period past due	90 days
Consumer
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Net addition (reduction) to the allowance for credit losses	$ 2,100
Consumer \| Card Services
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Net addition (reduction) to the allowance for credit losses	2,200
Consumer \| Home Lending
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Net addition (reduction) to the allowance for credit losses	(125)
Wholesale
Financing Receivable, Allowance for Credit Loss [Line Items]
Net addition (reduction) to the allowance for credit losses	$ (30)

Investment Securities - Amortized Costs and Estimated Fair Values (Details) - USD ($)		12 Months Ended
	Jan. 01, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost		$ 411,045,000,000	$ 205,456,000,000
Unallocated portfolio layer fair value basis adjustments, Amortized cost		(1,153,000,000)	73,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		1,115,000,000	1,762,000,000
Unallocated portfolio layer fair value basis adjustments, Gross unrealized gains			(73,000,000)
Gross unrealized losses		5,308,000,000	5,514,000,000
Unallocated portfolio layer fair value basis adjustments, Gross unrealized losses		(1,153,000,000)
Fair value		406,852,000,000	201,704,000,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost		274,468,000,000	369,848,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		152,000,000	178,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		26,720,000,000	27,272,000,000
Fair value		247,900,000,000	342,754,000,000
Total investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses
Amortized cost		685,513,000,000	575,304,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		1,267,000,000	1,940,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		32,028,000,000	32,786,000,000
Fair value		654,752,000,000	544,458,000,000
HTM securities purchased		4,700,000,000	4,100,000,000	$ 33,700,000,000
Allowance for credit losses on investment securities		152,000,000	128,000,000	$ 96,000,000
Accrued interest receivables on investment securities		3,700,000,000	2,800,000,000
Accrued interest receivables reversed through interest income on AFS securities		0	0
Accrued interest receivables reversed through interest income on HTM securities		0	0
Total mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost		104,628,000,000	95,001,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		290,000,000	896,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		4,149,000,000	4,285,000,000
Fair value		100,769,000,000	91,612,000,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost		114,599,000,000	125,857,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		34,000,000	56,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		14,824,000,000	13,194,000,000
Fair value		99,809,000,000	112,719,000,000
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost		95,671,000,000	88,377,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		251,000,000	870,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		4,029,000,000	4,077,000,000
Fair value		91,893,000,000	85,170,000,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost		97,177,000,000	105,614,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		6,000,000	39,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		13,531,000,000	11,643,000,000
Fair value		83,652,000,000	94,010,000,000
Residential: U.S.
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost		4,242,000,000	2,086,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		16,000,000	10,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		50,000,000	68,000,000
Fair value		4,208,000,000	2,028,000,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost		8,605,000,000	9,709,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		4,000,000	4,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		904,000,000	970,000,000
Fair value		7,705,000,000	8,743,000,000
Residential: Non-U.S.
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost		600,000,000	1,608,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		3,000,000	4,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		0	1,000,000
Fair value		603,000,000	1,611,000,000
Commercial
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost		4,115,000,000	2,930,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		20,000,000	12,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		70,000,000	139,000,000
Fair value		4,065,000,000	2,803,000,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost		8,817,000,000	10,534,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		24,000,000	13,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		389,000,000	581,000,000
Fair value		8,452,000,000	9,966,000,000
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost		235,495,000,000	58,051,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		545,000,000	276,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		1,261,000,000	522,000,000
Fair value		234,779,000,000	57,805,000,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost		108,632,000,000	173,666,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		0	0
Gross unrealized losses		11,212,000,000	13,074,000,000
Fair value		97,420,000,000	160,592,000,000
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost		18,337,000,000	21,243,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		110,000,000	390,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		534,000,000	266,000,000
Fair value		17,913,000,000	21,367,000,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost		9,310,000,000	9,945,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		32,000,000	74,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		631,000,000	591,000,000
Fair value		8,711,000,000	9,428,000,000
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities \| Accounting Standards Update 2022-01
Total investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses
Amount of investment securities transferred from HTM to AFS	$ 7,100,000,000
Pre-tax unrealized losses recognized within AOCI for transfer of securities from HTM to AFS	$ 38,000,000
Non-U.S. government debt securities
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost		36,655,000,000	21,387,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		94,000,000	254,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		504,000,000	359,000,000
Fair value		36,245,000,000	21,282,000,000
Corporate debt securities
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost		71,000,000	128,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		0	0
Gross unrealized losses		1,000,000	28,000,000
Fair value		70,000,000	100,000,000
Asset-backed securities: Collateralized loan obligations
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost		14,887,000,000	6,769,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		59,000,000	11,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		3,000,000	28,000,000
Fair value		14,943,000,000	6,752,000,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost		40,573,000,000	58,565,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		84,000,000	47,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		14,000,000	352,000,000
Fair value		40,643,000,000	58,260,000,000
Asset-backed securities: Other
Available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost		2,125,000,000	2,804,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		17,000,000	8,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		9,000,000	26,000,000
Fair value		2,133,000,000	2,786,000,000
Held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost		1,354,000,000	1,815,000,000
Gross unrealized gains		2,000,000	1,000,000
Gross unrealized losses		39,000,000	61,000,000
Fair value		$ 1,317,000,000	$ 1,755,000,000

Pension and Other Postretirement Employee Benefit Plans - Defined Benefit Pension and OPEB Plans (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Projected benefit obligations	$ (14,459)	$ (14,740)
Fair value of plan assets	22,201	22,013
Net funded status	7,742	7,273
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)	$ (1,649)	$ (1,517)
Weighted-average actuarial assumptions used to value benefit obligations
Discount rate	5.49%	5.16%

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Basis of Presentation

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Basis of Presentation

Basis of presentation

JPMorgan Chase & Co. (“JPMorganChase” or the “Firm”), a financial holding company incorporated under Delaware law in 1968, is a leading financial services firm based in the U.S., with operations worldwide. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. Refer to Note 32 for further discussion of the Firm's reportable business segments.

The accounting and financial reporting policies of JPMorganChase and its subsidiaries conform to U.S. GAAP. Additionally, where applicable, the policies conform to the accounting and reporting guidelines prescribed by regulatory authorities.

Consolidation

The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of JPMorganChase and other entities in which the Firm has a controlling financial interest. All material intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Assets held for clients in an agency or fiduciary capacity by the Firm are not assets of JPMorganChase and are not included on the Consolidated balance sheets.

The Firm determines whether it has a controlling financial interest in an entity by first evaluating whether the entity is a voting interest entity or a variable interest entity.

Voting interest entities

Voting interest entities are entities that have sufficient equity and provide the equity investors voting rights that enable them to make significant decisions relating to the entity’s operations. For these types of entities, the Firm’s determination of whether it has a controlling interest is primarily based on the amount of voting equity interests held. Entities in which the Firm has a controlling financial interest, through ownership of the majority of the entities’ voting equity interests, or through other contractual rights that give the Firm control, are consolidated by the Firm.

Investments in companies in which the Firm has significant influence over operating and financing decisions (but does not own a majority of the voting equity interests) are accounted for (i) in accordance with the equity method of accounting, or (ii) at fair value if the fair value option was elected. These investments are generally included in other assets, with income or loss included in noninterest revenue.

Certain Firm-sponsored asset management funds are structured as limited partnerships or limited liability companies. For many of these entities, the Firm is the

general partner or managing member, but the non-affiliated partners or members have the ability to remove the Firm as the general partner or managing member without cause (i.e., kick-out rights), based on a simple majority vote, or the non-affiliated partners or members have rights to participate in important decisions. Accordingly, the Firm does not consolidate these voting interest entities. However, in the limited cases where the non-managing partners or members do not have substantive kick-out or participating rights, the Firm evaluates the funds as VIEs and consolidates the funds if the Firm is the general partner or managing member and has both power and a potentially significant interest.

The Firm’s investment companies and asset management funds have investments in both publicly-held and privately-held entities, including investments in buyouts, growth equity and venture opportunities. These investments are accounted for under investment company guidelines and, accordingly, irrespective of the percentage of equity ownership interests held, are carried on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value, and are recorded in other assets, with income or loss included in noninterest revenue. If consolidated, the Firm retains the accounting under such specialized investment company guidelines.

Variable interest entities

VIEs are entities that, by design, either (1) lack sufficient equity to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support from other parties, or (2) have equity investors that do not have the ability to make significant decisions relating to the entity’s operations through voting rights, or do not have the obligation to absorb the expected losses, or do not have the right to receive the residual returns of the entity.

The most common type of VIE is an SPE. SPEs are commonly used in securitization transactions in order to isolate certain assets and distribute the cash flows from those assets to investors. The basic SPE structure involves a company selling assets to the SPE; the SPE funds the purchase of those assets by issuing securities to investors. The legal documents that govern the transaction specify how the cash earned on the assets must be allocated to the SPE’s investors and other parties that have rights to those cash flows. SPEs are generally structured to insulate investors from claims on the SPE’s assets by creditors of other entities, including the creditors of the seller of the assets.

The primary beneficiary of a VIE (i.e., the party that has a controlling financial interest) is required to consolidate the assets and liabilities of the VIE. The

primary beneficiary is the party that has both (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and (2) through its interests in the VIE, the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE.

To assess whether the Firm has the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, the Firm considers all the facts and circumstances, including its role in establishing the VIE and its ongoing rights and responsibilities. This assessment includes, first, identifying the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance; and second, identifying which party, if any, has power over those activities. In general, the parties that make the most significant decisions affecting the VIE (such as asset managers, collateral managers, servicers, or owners of call options or liquidation rights over the VIE’s assets) or have the right to unilaterally remove those decision-makers are deemed to have the power to direct the activities of a VIE.

To assess whether the Firm has the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE, the Firm considers all of its economic interests, including debt and equity investments, servicing fees, and derivatives or other arrangements deemed to be variable interests in the VIE. This assessment requires that the Firm apply judgment in determining whether these interests, in the aggregate, are considered potentially significant to the VIE. Factors considered in assessing significance include: the design of the VIE, including its capitalization structure; subordination of interests; payment priority; relative share of interests held across various classes within the VIE’s capital structure; and the reasons why the interests are held by the Firm.

The Firm performs on-going reassessments of: (1) whether entities previously evaluated under the majority voting-interest framework have become VIEs, based on certain events, and are therefore subject to the VIE consolidation framework; and (2) whether changes in the facts and circumstances regarding the Firm’s involvement with a VIE cause the Firm’s consolidation conclusion to change.

Refer to Note 14 for further discussion of Firm-sponsored VIEs.

Revenue recognition

Interest income

The Firm recognizes interest income on loans, debt securities, and other debt instruments, generally on a level-yield basis, based on the underlying contractual rate. Refer to Note 7 for further information.

Revenue from contracts with customers

JPMorganChase recognizes noninterest revenue from certain contracts with customers, in investment banking fees, deposit-related fees, asset management fees, commissions and other fees, and components of card income, when the Firm’s related performance obligations are satisfied. Refer to Note 6 for further discussion of the Firm’s revenue from contracts with customers.

Principal transactions revenue

JPMorganChase carries a portion of its assets and liabilities at fair value. Changes in fair value are reported primarily in principal transactions revenue. Refer to Notes 2 and 3 for further discussion of fair value measurement. Refer to Note 6 for further discussion of principal transactions revenue.

Use of estimates in the preparation of consolidated financial statements

The preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenue and expense, and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could be different from these estimates.

Foreign currency translation

JPMorganChase revalues assets, liabilities, revenue and expense denominated in non-U.S. currencies into U.S. dollars using applicable exchange rates.

Gains and losses relating to translating functional currency financial statements for U.S. reporting are included in the Consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Gains and losses relating to nonfunctional currency transactions, including non-U.S. operations where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar, are reported in the Consolidated statements of income.

Offsetting assets and liabilities

U.S. GAAP permits entities to present derivative receivables and derivative payables with the same counterparty and the related cash collateral receivables and payables on a net basis on the Consolidated balance sheets when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists. U.S. GAAP also permits securities sold and purchased under repurchase agreements and securities borrowed or loaned under securities loan agreements to be presented net when specified conditions are met, including the existence of a legally enforceable master netting agreement. The Firm has elected to net such balances where it has determined that the specified conditions are met.

The Firm uses master netting agreements to mitigate counterparty credit risk in certain transactions, including derivative contracts, resale, repurchase, securities borrowed and securities loaned

agreements. A master netting agreement is a single agreement with a counterparty that permits multiple transactions governed by that agreement to be terminated or accelerated and settled through a single payment in a single currency in the event of a default (e.g., bankruptcy, failure to make a required payment or securities transfer or deliver collateral or margin when due). Upon the exercise of derivatives termination rights by the non-defaulting party (i) all transactions are terminated, (ii) all transactions are valued and the positive values of “in the money” transactions are netted against the negative values of “out of the money” transactions and (iii) the only remaining payment obligation is of one of the parties to pay the netted termination amount. Upon exercise of default rights under repurchase agreements and securities loan agreements in general (i) all transactions are terminated and accelerated, (ii) all values of securities or cash held or to be delivered are calculated, and all such sums are netted against each other and (iii) the only remaining payment obligation is of one of the parties to pay the netted termination amount.

Typical master netting agreements for these types of transactions also often contain a collateral/margin agreement that provides for a security interest in, or title transfer of, securities or cash collateral/margin to the party that has the right to demand margin (the “demanding party”). The collateral/margin agreement typically requires a party to transfer collateral/margin to the demanding party with a value equal to the amount of the margin deficit on a net basis across all transactions governed by the master netting agreement, less any threshold. The collateral/margin agreement grants to the demanding party, upon default by the counterparty, the right to set-off any amounts payable by the counterparty against any posted collateral or the cash equivalent of any posted collateral/margin. It also grants to the demanding party the right to liquidate collateral/margin and to apply the proceeds to an amount payable by the counterparty.

Refer to Note 5 for further discussion of the Firm’s derivative instruments. Refer to Note 11 for further discussion of the Firm’s securities financing agreements.

Statements of cash flows

For JPMorganChase’s Consolidated statements of cash flows, cash is defined as those amounts included in cash and due from banks and deposits with banks on the Consolidated balance sheets.

Accounting standard adopted January 1, 2024

Equity Method and Joint Ventures: Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method

The guidance expanded the types of tax-oriented investments, beyond affordable housing tax credit investments, that the Firm can elect on a program by program basis, to be accounted for using the proportional amortization method. This method requires the cost of eligible investments, within an elected program, to be amortized in proportion to the tax benefits received with the resulting amortization reported directly in income tax expense, which aligns with the associated tax credits and other tax benefits. Eligible investments must meet certain criteria, including that substantially all of the return is from income tax credits and other income tax benefits.

This guidance was adopted on January 1, 2024 under the modified retrospective method. The adoption of this guidance resulted in a change to the classification and timing of the amortization associated with certain of the Firm's alternative energy tax-oriented investments. As a result of the adoption, the amortization of these investments that was previously recognized in other income is now recognized in income tax expense. The change in accounting resulted in a decrease to retained earnings of $161 million and increased the Firm’s income tax expense and the effective tax rate by approximately $450 million and two percentage points, respectively, in the first quarter of 2024, with no material impact to net income.

The guidance requires additional disclosure for all investments that generate income tax credits and other income tax benefits from a tax-oriented investment program for which the Firm has elected to apply the proportional amortization method. The guidance also requires a reevaluation of eligible investments when significant modifications or events occur that result in a change in the nature of the investment or a change in the Firm's relationship with the underlying project.

Refer to Notes 6, 14 and 25 for additional information.

Accounting standards adopted January 1, 2023

Derivatives and Hedging: Fair Value Hedging – Portfolio Layer Method

The adoption of this guidance expanded the ability to hedge a portfolio of fixed-rate assets in a qualifying hedge accounting relationship. As permitted by the guidance, the Firm elected to transfer HTM securities to AFS and designated those securities in a portfolio layer method hedge upon adoption. The adoption impact of the transfer on retained earnings was not material.

Financial Instruments – Credit Losses: Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”)

The adoption of this guidance eliminated the requirement to measure the allowance for TDRs using a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) methodology and allowed the option of a non-DCF portfolio-based approach for modified loans to troubled borrowers. The Firm elected this option for all portfolios of modified loans to troubled borrowers except collateral-dependent loans and nonaccrual risk-rated loans, for which the Firm elected to continue applying a DCF methodology. The adoption of this guidance under the modified retrospective method on January 1, 2023, resulted in a $446 million increase to retained earnings.

Significant accounting policies

The following table identifies JPMorganChase’s other significant accounting policies and the Note and page where a detailed description of each policy can be found.



Fair value measurement	Note 2	page 181
Fair value option	Note 3	page 203
Derivative instruments	Note 5	page 209
Noninterest revenue and noninterest expense	Note 6	page 225
Interest income and Interest expense	Note 7	page 229
Pension and other postretirement employee benefit plans	Note 8	page 230
Employee share-based incentives	Note 9	page 233
Investment securities	Note 10	page 235
Securities financing activities	Note 11	page 240
Loans	Note 12	page 243
Allowance for credit losses	Note 13	page 266
Variable interest entities	Note 14	page 271
Goodwill, mortgage servicing rights, and other intangible assets	Note 15	page 280
Premises and equipment	Note 16	page 285
Leases	Note 18	page 286
Accounts payable & other liabilities	Note 19	page 288
Long-term debt	Note 20	page 289
Earnings per share	Note 23	page 294
Income taxes	Note 25	page 296
Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments	Note 28	page 302
Litigation	Note 30	page 309

Variable Interest Entities - Credit Card Securitizations (Details) - Firm-sponsored credit card trusts - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Minimum undivided interest in credit card trusts	45.00%	65.00%
Undivided interests in Firm-sponsored credit card securitization trusts	$ 6,600,000,000	$ 4,900,000,000
Senior securities
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Undivided interests in Firm-sponsored credit card securitization trusts	0	0
Subordinated securities
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Undivided interests in Firm-sponsored credit card securitization trusts	$ 1,500,000,000	$ 1,500,000,000
Minimum
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Minimum undivided interest in credit card trusts	5.00%

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

Condensed Financial Information Disclosure [Abstract]

Loans - By Portfolio Segment (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loan balances by portfolio segment:
Retained loans	$ 1,299,590	$ 1,280,870	$ 1,089,598
Held-for-sale	7,048	3,985
At fair value	41,350	38,851
Total	1,347,988	1,323,706
Accrued interest receivables	6,600	6,800
Accrued interest receivables written off	84	49
Consumer, excluding credit card
Loan balances by portfolio segment:
Retained loans	376,334	397,275	300,753
Held-for-sale	945	487
At fair value	15,531	12,331
Total	392,810	410,093
Credit card
Loan balances by portfolio segment:
Retained loans	232,860	211,123
Held-for-sale	0	0
At fair value	0	0
Total	232,860	211,123
Wholesale
Loan balances by portfolio segment:
Retained loans	690,396	672,472	$ 603,670
Held-for-sale	6,103	3,498
At fair value	25,819	26,520
Total	$ 722,318	$ 702,490

Parent Company

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Parent Company

The following tables present Parent Company-only financial statements.


Statements of income and comprehensive income
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Income
Dividends from subsidiaries and affiliates:
Bank and bank holding company	$	37,000	$	61,000	$	40,500
Non-bank	—		—		—
Interest income from subsidiaries	1,228		1,166		498
Other income/(expense) from subsidiaries:
Bank and bank holding company	555		1,801		(3,497)
Non-bank	172		250		335
Other income/(expense)	1,252		(654)		5,271
Total income	40,207		63,563		43,107
Expense
Interest expense/(income) to subsidiaries and affiliates(a)	7,433		2,258		22,731
Other interest expense/(income)(a)	8,068		11,714		(14,658)
Noninterest expense	3,280		3,431		2,817
Total expense	18,781		17,403		10,890
Income before income tax benefit and undistributed net income of subsidiaries	21,426		46,160		32,217
Income tax benefit	1,264		1,525		1,260
Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries	35,781		1,867		4,199
Net income	$	58,471	$	49,552	$	37,676
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net	(2,013)		6,898		(17,257)
Comprehensive income	$	56,458	$	56,450	$	20,419


Balance sheets
December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Assets
Cash and due from banks	$	38	$	42
Deposits with banking subsidiaries	9,762		9,804
Trading assets	43,214		3,198
Advances to, and receivables from, subsidiaries:
Bank and bank holding company	142		152
Non-bank	79		21
Investments (at equity) in subsidiaries and affiliates:
Bank and bank holding company	603,044		568,472
Non-bank	1,238		1,045
Other assets	12,097		8,962
Total assets	$	669,614	$	591,696
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Borrowings from, and payables to, subsidiaries and affiliates	$	72,881	$	22,777
Short-term borrowings	—		999
Other liabilities	12,349		11,500
Long-term debt(b)(c)	239,626		228,542
Total liabilities(c)	324,856		263,818
Total stockholders’ equity	344,758		327,878
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	669,614	$	591,696


Statements of cash flows
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Operating activities
Net income	$	58,471	$	49,552	$	37,676
Less: Net income of subsidiaries and affiliates	72,781		62,868		44,699
Parent company net loss	(14,310)		(13,316)		(7,023)
Cash dividends from subsidiaries and affiliates	37,000		61,000		40,500
Other operating adjustments	(44,671)		9,412		(23,747)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	(21,981)		57,096		9,730
Investing activities
Net change in:
Advances to and investments in subsidiaries and affiliates, net	—		(25,000)		—
All other investing activities, net	21		25		31
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities	21		(24,975)		31
Financing activities
Net change in:
Borrowings from subsidiaries and affiliates	49,902		(2,249)		(4,491)
Short-term borrowings	(999)		—		—
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	44,997		19,398		41,389
Payments of long-term borrowings	(29,753)		(25,105)		(18,294)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock	2,500		—		—
Redemption of preferred stock	(9,850)		—		(7,434)
Treasury stock repurchased	(18,830)		(9,824)		(3,162)
Dividends paid	(14,783)		(13,463)		(13,562)
All other financing activities, net	(1,270)		(879)		(1,205)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities	21,914		(32,122)		(6,759)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and due from banks and deposits with banking subsidiaries	(46)		(1)		3,002
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banking subsidiaries at the beginning of the year	9,846		9,847		6,845
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banking subsidiaries at the end of the year	$	9,800	$	9,846	$	9,847
Cash interest paid	$	14,851	$	13,742	$	7,462
Cash income taxes paid, net(d)	6,252		10,291		6,941

(a)Includes interest expense for intercompany derivative hedges on the Firm’s LTD and related fair value adjustments, which is offset by related amounts in Other interest expense/(income).

(b)At December 31, 2024, long-term debt that contractually matures in 2025 through 2029 totaled $7.7 billion, $29.3 billion, $20.2 billion, $35.0 billion, and $18.5 billion, respectively.

(c)Refer to Notes 20 and 28 for information regarding the Parent Company’s guarantees of its subsidiaries’ obligations.

(d)Represents payments, net of refunds, made by the Parent Company to various taxing authorities and includes taxes paid on behalf of certain of its subsidiaries that are subsequently reimbursed. The reimbursements were $5.0 billion, $13.2 billion, and $11.3 billion for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Business Combinations - Unaudited Pro Forma Information (Details) - First Republic - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Net income	$ 48,665	$ 41,089
Noninterest revenue
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue	65,816	66,510
Net interest income
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 90,856	$ 71,005

Restricted Cash, Other Restricted Assets and Intercompany Funds Transfers - Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Total restricted cash	$ 27.5	$ 19.6
Deposits with banks
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Total restricted cash	26.1	18.2
Cash and due from banks
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Total restricted cash	1.4	1.4
Segregated for the benefit of securities and cleared derivative customers
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Total restricted cash	18.7	10.3
Cash reserves at non-U.S. central banks and held for other general purposes
Restricted Cash and Cash Equivalents Items [Line Items]
Total restricted cash	$ 8.8	$ 9.3

Employee Share-Based Incentives (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]

Summary of RSUs, PSUs, and SARs and stock options activity

The following table summarizes JPMorganChase’s RSUs, PSUs and SARs activity for 2024.


	RSUs/PSUs			SARs
Year ended December 31, 2024	Number of units	Weighted-average grant date fair value		Number of awards	Weighted-average exercise price		Weighted-average remaining contractual life (in years)	Aggregate intrinsic value
(in thousands, except weighted-average data, and where otherwise stated)
Outstanding, January 1	52,243	$	141.31	2,250	$	152.19
Granted	20,020	166.74		—	—
Exercised or vested	(19,542)	143.02		—	—
Forfeited	(2,112)	147.41		—	—
Canceled	NA	NA		—	—
Outstanding, December 31	50,609	$	150.41	2,250	$	152.19	6.7	$	198,113
Exercisable, December 31	NA	NA		—	—		—	—

Noncash compensation expense related to employee share-based incentive plans

The Firm recognized the following noncash compensation expense related to its various employee share-based incentive plans in its Consolidated statements of income.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Cost of prior grants of RSUs, PSUs and SARs that are amortized over their applicable vesting periods	$	1,622	$	1,510	$	1,253
Accrual of estimated costs of share-based awards to be granted in future periods, predominantly those to full-career eligible employees	1,882		1,607		1,541
Total noncash compensation expense related to employee share-based incentive plans	$	3,504	$	3,117	$	2,794

Regulatory Capital - Leverage-Based Capital Metrics (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Adjusted average assets	$ 3,491,283	$ 3,337,842
Tier 1 leverage ratio	0.079	0.079
Total leverage exposure	$ 4,246,516	$ 4,038,739
SLR	0.065	0.065
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
Adjusted average assets	$ 4,070,499	$ 3,831,200
Tier 1 leverage ratio	0.072	0.072
Total leverage exposure	$ 4,837,568	$ 4,540,465
SLR	0.061	0.061

Premises and Equipment - Components (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Right-of-use assets	$ 8,494	$ 8,431
Total premises and equipment	32,223	30,157
Premises and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Right-of-use assets	7,930	7,917
Other assets
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Right-of-use assets	564	514
Land, buildings and leasehold improvements
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Premises and equipment, excluding Right-of-use assets	16,874	14,862
Other premises and equipment
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Premises and equipment, excluding Right-of-use assets	$ 7,419	$ 7,378

Derivative Instruments - Cumulative Fair Value Hedging Adjustments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items: (d)
Cumulative basis adjustments for active hedging relationships	$ (1,153)	$ 73
Commodity
Assets
Carrying amount of the hedged items	6,200	5,600
Long-term debt
Liabilities
Carrying amount of the hedged items	211,288	195,455
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items: (d)
Active hedging relationships	(3,711)	(2,042)
Discontinued hedging relationships	(9,332)	(9,727)
Total	(13,043)	(11,769)
Long-term debt \| Not designated as hedges
Liabilities
Carrying amount of the hedged items	518	0
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs
Liabilities
Carrying amount of the hedged items	5,312	0
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items: (d)
Active hedging relationships	(30)	0
Discontinued hedging relationships	(5)	0
Total	(35)	0
Investment securities - AFS
Assets
Carrying amount of the hedged items	203,141	151,752
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items: (d)
Active hedging relationships	(1,675)	549
Discontinued hedging relationships	(1,959)	(2,010)
Total	(3,634)	(1,461)
Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items: (d)
Amortized cost of the closed portfolio	72,800	83,900
Designated hedged items in active hedging relationships	41,200	68,000
Cumulative basis adjustments	(1,700)	(165)
Cumulative basis adjustments for active hedging relationships	(1,200)	73
Cumulative basis adjustments for discontinued hedging relationships	(566)	(238)
Investment securities - AFS \| Not designated as hedges
Assets
Carrying amount of the hedged items	$ 28,700	$ 19,300

Credit Risk Concentrations (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Credit Risk Concentrations (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($) loan_segment	Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($)
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Number of portfolio segments \| loan_segment	3
Credit exposure	$ 3,038,506	$ 2,924,042
On-balance sheet, Loans	1,347,988	1,323,706
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	60,967	54,864
Off-balance sheet	1,577,622	1,497,847
Available-for-sale securities	406,852	201,704
Held-to-maturity securities	274,468	369,848
Cash placed with banks	459,200	614,100
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Trading assets	6,100	5,900
Available-for-sale securities	17,913	21,367
Held-to-maturity securities	9,310	9,945
Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	60,967	54,864
Consumer \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	1,671,825	1,582,277
On-balance sheet, Loans	625,670	621,216
Off-balance sheet	1,046,155	961,061
Consumer, excluding credit card
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Loans	392,810	410,093
Consumer, excluding credit card \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	437,654	455,496
On-balance sheet, Loans	392,810	410,093
Off-balance sheet	44,844	45,403
Credit card
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Loans	232,860	211,123
Credit card \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	1,234,171	1,126,781
On-balance sheet, Loans	232,860	211,123
Off-balance sheet	1,001,311	915,658
Wholesale
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Loans	722,318	702,490
Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	1,366,681	1,341,765
On-balance sheet, Loans	722,318	702,490
Off-balance sheet	531,467	536,786
Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	60,967	54,864
Wholesale \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	1,282,830	1,264,122
On-balance sheet, Loans	690,396	672,472
Off-balance sheet	531,467	536,786
Real Estate \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	310	420
Real Estate \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	207,050	208,261
On-balance sheet, Loans	169,506	166,372
Off-balance sheet	37,234	41,469
Individuals and Individual Entities \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	1,259	725
Individuals and Individual Entities \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	144,145	145,849
On-balance sheet, Loans	130,317	126,339
Off-balance sheet	12,569	18,785
Asset Managers \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	15,695	9,925
Asset Managers \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	135,541	129,574
On-balance sheet, Loans	58,720	52,178
Off-balance sheet	61,126	67,471
Consumer & Retail \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	1,608	2,013
Consumer & Retail \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	129,815	127,086
On-balance sheet, Loans	46,509	46,274
Off-balance sheet	81,698	78,799
Technology, Media & Telecommunications \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	2,448	2,451
Technology, Media & Telecommunications \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	84,716	77,296
On-balance sheet, Loans	21,449	22,450
Off-balance sheet	60,819	52,395
Industrials \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	2,035	1,335
Industrials \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	72,530	75,092
On-balance sheet, Loans	24,011	26,548
Off-balance sheet	46,484	47,209
Healthcare \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	616	1,577
Healthcare \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	64,224	65,025
On-balance sheet, Loans	23,243	23,169
Off-balance sheet	40,365	40,279
Banks & Finance Companies \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	3,890	2,898
Banks & Finance Companies \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	61,287	57,177
On-balance sheet, Loans	40,239	33,941
Off-balance sheet	17,158	20,338
Utilities \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	2,631	3,396
Utilities \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	35,871	36,061
On-balance sheet, Loans	6,172	7,067
Off-balance sheet	27,068	25,598
State & Municipal Govt \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	372	442
State & Municipal Govt \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	35,039	35,986
On-balance sheet, Loans	19,279	20,019
Off-balance sheet	15,388	15,525
Automotive \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	794	428
Automotive \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	34,336	33,977
On-balance sheet, Loans	17,696	17,459
Off-balance sheet	15,846	16,090
Oil & Gas \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	1,153	705
Oil & Gas \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	31,724	34,475
On-balance sheet, Loans	7,226	8,480
Off-balance sheet	23,345	25,290
Insurance \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	9,703	7,138
Insurance \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	24,267	20,501
On-balance sheet, Loans	2,533	2,535
Off-balance sheet	12,031	10,828
Chemicals & Plastics \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	267	441
Chemicals & Plastics \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	20,782	20,773
On-balance sheet, Loans	6,176	6,458
Off-balance sheet	14,339	13,874
Transportation \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	769	555
Transportation \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	17,019	16,060
On-balance sheet, Loans	5,380	5,080
Off-balance sheet	10,870	10,425
Metals & Mining \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	564	274
Metals & Mining \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	15,860	15,508
On-balance sheet, Loans	4,425	4,655
Off-balance sheet	10,871	10,579
Central Govt \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	6,285	10,669
Central Govt \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	13,862	17,704
On-balance sheet, Loans	4,715	5,463
Off-balance sheet	2,862	1,572
Securities Firms \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	3,197	3,285
Securities Firms \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	9,443	8,689
On-balance sheet, Loans	1,878	865
Off-balance sheet	4,368	4,539
Financial Markets Infrastructure \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	2,410	2,155
Financial Markets Infrastructure \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	4,446	4,251
On-balance sheet, Loans	16	86
Off-balance sheet	2,020	2,010
All other \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
On-balance sheet, Derivatives	4,961	4,032
All other \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	140,873	134,777
On-balance sheet, Loans	100,906	97,034
Off-balance sheet	$ 35,006	$ 33,711
All other \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk \| SPEs and Private education
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage of exposure secured	94.00%	94.00%
All other \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk \| Civic organizations
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Percentage of exposure secured	6.00%	6.00%
Loans held-for-sale and loans at fair value \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	$ 31,922	$ 30,018
On-balance sheet, Loans	31,922	30,018
Receivables from customers \| Wholesale \| Credit Concentration Risk
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Credit exposure	$ 51,929	$ 47,625

Loans - Credit Card Loan Portfolio, Other Credit Quality Indicators (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 1,299,590	$ 1,280,870	$ 1,089,598
Credit card
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 232,860	$ 211,123
Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores, Equal to or greater than 660	85.50%	85.80%
Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores, Less than 660	14.30%	14.00%
Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores, No FICO available	0.20%	0.20%
Credit card \| California
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 36,385	$ 32,652
Credit card \| Texas
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	24,423	22,086
Credit card \| New York
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	18,525	16,915
Credit card \| Florida
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	17,236	15,103
Credit card \| Illinois
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	12,442	11,364
Credit card \| New Jersey
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	9,644	8,688
Credit card \| Ohio
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	6,976	6,424
Credit card \| Colorado
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	6,962	6,307
Credit card \| Pennsylvania
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	6,558	6,088
Credit card \| Arizona
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	5,796	5,209
Credit card \| All other
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 87,913	$ 80,287

Loans - Wholesale Loan Portfolio, Financial Effects of FDMs (Details) - Wholesale - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Secured by real estate
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 354	$ 160
Secured by real estate \| Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 271	$ 149
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans	0.17%	0.09%
Weighted-average term loan extensions	21 months	14 months
Secured by real estate \| Other-than-insignificant payment deferral
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 37	$ 3
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans	0.02%	0.00%
Secured by real estate \| Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and interest rate reduction
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 46	$ 5
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans	0.03%	0.00%
Weighted-average contractual interest rate reduction	1.62%	1.84%
Secured by real estate \| Other
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis		$ 3
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans		0.00%
Commercial and industrial
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 1,900	$ 1,363
Commercial and industrial \| Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 1,180	$ 916
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans	0.71%	0.55%
Weighted-average term loan extensions	20 months	17 months
Commercial and industrial \| Other-than-insignificant payment deferral
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 464	$ 402
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans	0.28%	0.24%
Commercial and industrial \| Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 175	$ 35
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans	0.10%	0.02%
Weighted-average term loan extensions	18 months	7 months
Commercial and industrial \| Interest rate reduction and term extension
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 51	$ 1
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans	0.03%	0.00%
Weighted-average term loan extensions	36 months	16 months
Weighted-average contractual interest rate reduction	4.34%
Commercial and industrial \| Other
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 30	$ 9
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans	0.02%	0.00%
Other
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 275	$ 609
Other \| Term extension
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 268	$ 355
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans	0.07%	0.10%
Weighted-average term loan extensions	28 months	23 months
Other \| Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 2	$ 245
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans	0.00%	0.07%
Weighted-average term loan extensions	6 months	137 months
Other \| Other
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost basis	$ 5	$ 9
% of loan modifications to total retained credit card loans	0.00%	0.00%

Noninterest Revenue and Noninterest Expense (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Noninterest Income (Expense) [Abstract]

Components of investment banking fees

The following table presents the components of investment banking fees.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Underwriting
Equity	$	1,687	$	1,149	$	975
Debt	3,945		2,610		2,732
Total underwriting	5,632		3,759		3,707
Advisory	3,278		2,760		2,979
Total investment banking fees	$	8,910	$	6,519	$	6,686

Principal transactions revenue

The following table presents all realized and unrealized gains and losses recorded in principal transactions revenue. This table excludes interest income and interest expense on trading assets and liabilities, which are an integral part of the overall performance of the Firm’s client-driven market-making activities in CIB and fund deployment activities in Treasury and CIO. Refer to Note 7 for further information on interest income and interest expense.

Trading revenue is presented primarily by instrument type. The Firm’s client-driven market-making businesses generally utilize a variety of instrument

types in connection with their market-making and related risk-management activities; accordingly, the trading revenue presented in the table below is not representative of the total revenue of any individual LOB.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Trading revenue by instrument type
Interest rate(a)	$	3,631	$	5,607	$	3,010
Credit(b)	1,545		1,434		1,412		(c)
Foreign exchange	4,874		5,082		5,119
Equity	13,476		10,229		8,068
Commodity	1,194		2,202		2,348
Total trading revenue	24,720		24,554		19,957
Private equity gains/(losses)	67		(94)		(45)
Principal transactions	$	24,787	$	24,460	$	19,912

(a)Includes the impact of changes in funding valuation adjustments on derivatives.

(b)Includes the impact of changes in credit valuation adjustments on derivatives, net of the associated hedging activities.

(c)Includes net markdowns on held-for-sale positions, primarily unfunded commitments, in the bridge financing portfolio.

Components of lending and deposit-related fees

The following table presents the components of lending- and deposit-related fees.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024			2023			2022
Lending-related fees	$	2,192	(a)	$	2,365	(a)	$	1,468
Deposit-related fees	5,414			5,048			5,630
Total lending- and deposit-related fees	$	7,606		$	7,413		$	7,098

(a) Includes the amortization of the fair value discount on certain acquired lending-related commitments associated with First Republic, predominantly in AWM and CIB. The discount is deferred in other liabilities and recognized on a straight-line basis over the commitment period and was largely recognized in 2023 as the commitments were generally short term. Refer to Note 34 for additional information.

Components of asset management fees

The following table presents the components of asset management fees.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Asset management fees
Investment management fees	$	17,425	$	14,908	$	13,765
All other asset management fees	376		312		331
Total asset management fees	$	17,801	$	15,220	$	14,096

Components of commissions and other fees

The following table presents the components of commissions and other fees.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022

Commissions and other fees
Brokerage commissions and fees	$	3,119	$	2,820	$	2,831
Administration fees	2,526		2,310		2,348
All other commissions and fees(a)	1,885		1,706		1,402
Total commissions and other fees	$	7,530	$	6,836	$	6,581

(a)Includes annuity sales commissions, depositary receipt-related service fees and travel-related sales commissions, as well as other service fees, which are recognized as revenue when the services are rendered.

Components of card income

The following table presents the components of card income:


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Interchange and merchant processing income	$	33,847	$	31,021	$	28,085
Reward costs and partner payments	(26,784)		(24,601)		(22,162)
All other(a)	(1,566)		(1,636)		(1,503)
Total card income	$	5,497	$	4,784	$	4,420

(a)Predominantly represents the amortization of account origination costs and annual fees, which are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period.

Components of other income

The following table presents certain components of other income:


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024			2023		2022
Operating lease income	$	2,795		$	2,843	$	3,654
Losses on tax-oriented investments	(97)			(1,538)		(1,491)
Gain on Visa shares	7,990		(b)	—		914		(c)
Estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition	103			2,775		—
Gain related to the acquisition of CIFM (a)	—			339		—

(a) Gain on the original minority interest in CIFM upon the Firm's acquisition of the remaining 51% of the entity.

(b) Relates to the initial gain recognized on May 6, 2024 on the Visa C shares. Refer to Note 2 for additional information.

Components of noninterest expense

Other expense on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income included:


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024			2023			2022
Legal expense	$	740		$	1,436		$	266
FDIC-related expense	1,893		(c)	4,203		(c)	860
Operating losses	1,417			1,228			1,101
Contribution of Visa shares(a)	1,000			—			—
First Republic-related expense(b)	777			1,060			—

(a) Represents the contribution of a portion of Visa C shares to the JPMorgan Chase Foundation recorded in the second quarter of 2024. Refer to Note 2 for additional information.

(b) Reflects the expenses classified within other expense, including $488 million and $360 million of integration and restructuring costs associated with First Republic for the full years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Additionally, the second quarter of 2023 included payments to the FDIC for the First Republic individuals who were not employees of the Firm until July 2, 2023. Refer to Note 34 for additional information on the First Republic acquisition.

(c) The first quarter of 2024 included an increase of $725 million to the FDIC special assessment reflecting the FDIC's revised estimate of Deposit Insurance Fund losses. The fourth quarter of 2023 included the $2.9 billion FDIC special assessment.

Goodwill, Mortgage Servicing Rights, and Other Intangible Assets - Mortgage Fees and Related Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Risk management:
All other	$ 23	$ 1	$ 14
Mortgage fees and related income	1,401	1,176	1,250
CCB
CCB mortgage fees and related income
Production revenue	627	421	497
Operating revenue:
Loan servicing revenue	1,659	1,634	1,582
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to collection/realization of expected cash flows	(1,067)	(1,011)	(936)
Total operating revenue	592	623	646
Risk management:
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to market interest rates and other	670	424	2,022
Other changes in MSR asset fair value due to other inputs and assumptions in model	92	43	17
Change in derivative fair value and other	(603)	(336)	(1,946)
Total risk management	159	131	93
Total net mortgage servicing revenue	751	754	739
Mortgage fees and related income	$ 1,378	$ 1,175	$ 1,236

Variable Interest Entities - Multi-seller Conduits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, contractual amount	$ 1,577,622	$ 1,497,847
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Commercial paper eliminated in consolidation	2,900	9,800
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits \| Commercial and other
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, contractual amount	$ 10,300	$ 10,800
Maximum
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Program-wide credit enhancement required amount	10.00%

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract]

Investment Securities - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]
Approximate percentage rated at least AA+	99.00%	99.00%
Allowance for credit losses on investment securities	$ 152	$ 128	$ 96

Loans - Wholesale Loan Portfolio, Internal Risk Ratings (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 1,299,590	$ 1,280,870	$ 1,089,598
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	1,299,590	1,280,870	1,089,598
Gross charge-offs by origination year
Total gross charge-offs	10,519	7,653	4,326
Wholesale
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 690,396	$ 672,472	603,670
% of investment-grade to total retained loans	68.32%	68.23%
% of total criticized to total retained loans	3.67%	3.51%
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans	0.57%	0.35%
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	$ 690,396	$ 672,472	603,670
Gross charge-offs by origination year
Total gross charge-offs	1,022	1,011	$ 322
Wholesale \| Investment-grade
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	471,670	458,838
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	471,670	458,838
Wholesale \| Total noninvestment-grade
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	218,726	213,634
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	218,726	213,634
Wholesale \| Noncriticized
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	193,356	190,056
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	193,356	190,056
Wholesale \| Criticized performing
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	21,428	21,232
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	21,428	21,232
Wholesale \| Criticized nonaccrual
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	3,942	2,346
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	3,942	2,346
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 162,432	$ 162,338
% of investment-grade to total retained loans	70.36%	74.17%
% of total criticized to total retained loans	6.61%	4.74%
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans	0.89%	0.25%
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	$ 14,240	$ 15,164
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	15,200	41,453
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	40,001	33,623
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	31,363	20,660
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	19,010	19,664
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	39,880	29,026
Revolving loans within revolving period	2,645	2,746
Revolving loans converted to term loans	93	2
Total retained loans	162,432	162,338
Gross charge-offs by origination year
Gross charge-offs originated in 2024/2023	72	20
Gross charge-offs originated in 2023/2022	18	48
Gross charge-offs originated in 2022/2021	43	22
Gross charge-offs originated in 2021/2020	2	0
Gross charge-offs originated in 2020/2019	109	23
Gross charge-offs originated prior to 2020/2019	80	78
Gross charge-offs originated within the revolving period	0	0
Gross charge-offs originated converted to term loans	0	1
Total gross charge-offs	324	192
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate \| Investment-grade
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	114,280	120,405
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	10,002	10,687
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	9,834	28,874
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	25,284	25,784
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	22,796	16,820
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	15,548	15,677
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	29,488	21,108
Revolving loans within revolving period	1,328	1,455
Revolving loans converted to term loans	0	0
Total retained loans	114,280	120,405
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate \| Total noninvestment-grade
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	48,152	41,933
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	4,238	4,477
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	5,366	12,579
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	14,717	7,839
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	8,567	3,840
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	3,462	3,987
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	10,392	7,918
Revolving loans within revolving period	1,317	1,291
Revolving loans converted to term loans	93	2
Total retained loans	48,152	41,933
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate \| Noncriticized
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	37,422	34,241
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	37,422	34,241
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate \| Criticized performing
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	9,291	7,291
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	9,291	7,291
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate \| Criticized nonaccrual
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 1,439	$ 401
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans	0.89%	0.25%
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	$ 1,439	$ 401
Wholesale \| Commercial and industrial
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 166,790	$ 167,166
% of investment-grade to total retained loans	42.49%	43.44%
% of total criticized to total retained loans	7.64%	8.32%
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans	1.06%	0.73%
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	$ 32,815	$ 33,765
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	17,635	27,086
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	17,530	13,575
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	8,441	4,280
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	1,850	2,174
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	2,114	2,121
Revolving loans within revolving period	86,280	84,090
Revolving loans converted to term loans	125	75
Total retained loans	166,790	167,166
Gross charge-offs by origination year
Gross charge-offs originated in 2024/2023	25	25
Gross charge-offs originated in 2023/2022	22	8
Gross charge-offs originated in 2022/2021	128	110
Gross charge-offs originated in 2021/2020	24	55
Gross charge-offs originated in 2020/2019	1	2
Gross charge-offs originated prior to 2020/2019	50	12
Gross charge-offs originated within the revolving period	270	259
Gross charge-offs originated converted to term loans	5	8
Total gross charge-offs	525	479
Wholesale \| Commercial and industrial \| Investment-grade
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	70,862	72,624
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	11,564	14,875
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	6,285	10,642
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	6,588	4,276
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	3,119	2,291
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	1,067	1,030
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	1,139	1,115
Revolving loans within revolving period	41,099	38,394
Revolving loans converted to term loans	1	1
Total retained loans	70,862	72,624
Wholesale \| Commercial and industrial \| Total noninvestment-grade
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	95,928	94,542
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	21,251	18,890
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	11,350	16,444
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	10,942	9,299
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	5,322	1,989
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	783	1,144
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	975	1,006
Revolving loans within revolving period	45,181	45,696
Revolving loans converted to term loans	124	74
Total retained loans	95,928	94,542
Wholesale \| Commercial and industrial \| Noncriticized
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	83,191	80,637
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	83,191	80,637
Wholesale \| Commercial and industrial \| Criticized performing
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	10,977	12,684
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	10,977	12,684
Wholesale \| Commercial and industrial \| Criticized nonaccrual
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	1,760	1,221
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	1,760	1,221
Wholesale \| Other
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 361,174	$ 342,968
% of investment-grade to total retained loans	79.33%	77.50%
% of total criticized to total retained loans	0.53%	0.58%
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans	0.21%	0.21%
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	$ 42,268	$ 52,392
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	24,287	26,126
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	19,190	16,202
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	9,584	12,271
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	9,998	4,532
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	9,268	8,663
Revolving loans within revolving period	244,903	220,529
Revolving loans converted to term loans	1,676	2,253
Total retained loans	361,174	342,968
Gross charge-offs by origination year
Gross charge-offs originated in 2024/2023	0	5
Gross charge-offs originated in 2023/2022	38	298
Gross charge-offs originated in 2022/2021	3	8
Gross charge-offs originated in 2021/2020	36	8
Gross charge-offs originated in 2020/2019	40	0
Gross charge-offs originated prior to 2020/2019	50	8
Gross charge-offs originated within the revolving period	6	13
Gross charge-offs originated converted to term loans	0	0
Total gross charge-offs	173	340
Wholesale \| Other \| Individuals and individual entities
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	114,800
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	114,800
Wholesale \| Other \| Financial institutions
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	94,000
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	94,000
Wholesale \| Other \| SPEs
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	92,500
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	92,500
Wholesale \| Other \| Investment-grade
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	286,528	265,809
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	30,484	38,338
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	17,039	18,034
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	13,272	10,033
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	6,288	10,099
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	8,632	3,721
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	7,382	6,662
Revolving loans within revolving period	201,949	176,728
Revolving loans converted to term loans	1,482	2,194
Total retained loans	286,528	265,809
Wholesale \| Other \| Total noninvestment-grade
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	74,646	77,159
Loans by origination year
Term loans originated in 2024/2023	11,784	14,054
Term loans originated in 2023/2022	7,248	8,092
Term loans originated in 2022/2021	5,918	6,169
Term loans originated in 2021/2020	3,296	2,172
Term loans originated in 2020/2019	1,366	811
Term loans originated prior to 2020/2019	1,886	2,001
Revolving loans within revolving period	42,954	43,801
Revolving loans converted to term loans	194	59
Total retained loans	74,646	77,159
Wholesale \| Other \| Noncriticized
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	72,743	75,178
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	72,743	75,178
Wholesale \| Other \| Criticized performing
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	1,160	1,257
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	1,160	1,257
Wholesale \| Other \| Criticized nonaccrual
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	743	724
Loans by origination year
Total retained loans	$ 743	$ 724

Leases - Information Related to Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
Right-of-use assets	$ 8,494	$ 8,431
Lease liabilities	$ 8,900	$ 8,833
Operating Lease, Right-of-Use Asset, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Other, Total premises and equipment	Other, Total premises and equipment
Operating Lease, Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities	Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities
Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	8 years 3 months 18 days	8 years 4 months 24 days
Weighted average discount rate	4.24%	4.01%
Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities - operating cash flows	$ 1,734	$ 1,662
Supplemental non-cash information
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	1,565	2,094
Rental expense
Gross rental expense	2,231	2,079
Sublease rental income	(41)	(72)
Net rental expense	$ 2,190	$ 2,007

Off-balance Sheet Lending-related Financial Instruments, Guarantees, and Other Commitments - Securities Lending Indemnifications (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024
Off-Balance Sheet Lending-Related Financial Instruments, Guarantees and Other Commitments [Abstract]
Percentage exceeding value of securities for obtaining cash or other highly liquid collateral	100.00%
Percentage exceeding value of resale agreements for obtaining collateral	100.00%

Leases

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Leases [Abstract]

Leases

Firm as lessee

At December 31, 2024, JPMorganChase and its subsidiaries were obligated under a number of noncancellable leases, predominantly operating leases for premises and equipment used primarily for business purposes. These leases generally have terms of 20 years or less, determined based on the contractual maturity of the lease, and include periods covered by options to extend or terminate the lease when the Firm is reasonably certain that it will exercise those options. All leases with lease terms greater than twelve months are reported as a lease liability with a corresponding right-of-use (“ROU”) asset. None of these lease agreements impose restrictions on the Firm’s ability to pay dividends, engage in debt or equity financing transactions or enter into further lease agreements. Certain of these leases contain escalation clauses that will increase rental payments based on maintenance, utility and tax increases, which are non-lease components. The Firm elected not to separate lease and non-lease components of a contract for its real estate leases. As such, real estate lease payments represent payments on both lease and non-lease components.

Operating lease liabilities and ROU assets are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term. The future lease payments are discounted at a rate that estimates the Firm’s collateralized borrowing rate for financing instruments of a similar term and are included in accounts payable and other liabilities. The operating lease ROU assets, predominantly included in premises and equipment, also include any lease prepayments made, plus initial direct costs incurred, less any lease incentives received. Rental expense associated with operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, and generally included in occupancy expense in the Consolidated statements of income.

The carrying values of the Firm’s operating leases were as follows:


December 31, (in millions, except where otherwise noted)
	2024			2023
Right-of-use assets	$	8,494		$	8,431
Lease liabilities	8,900			8,833

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	8.3			8.4
Weighted average discount rate	4.24		%	4.01		%

Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities - operating cash flows	$	1,734		$	1,662
Supplemental non-cash information
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	1,565		$	2,094


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Rental expense
Gross rental expense	$	2,231	$	2,079
Sublease rental income	(41)		(72)
Net rental expense	$	2,190	$	2,007

The following table presents future payments under operating leases as of December 31, 2024.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)
2025	1,709
2026	1,553
2027	1,412
2028	1,248
2029	1,048
After 2029	3,721
Total future minimum lease payments	10,691
Less: Imputed interest	(1,791)
Total	$	8,900

In addition to the table above, as of December 31, 2024, the Firm had additional future operating lease commitments of $887 million that were signed but had not yet commenced. These operating leases will commence between 2025 and 2027 with lease terms up to 21 years.

Firm as lessor

The Firm provides auto and equipment lease financing to its customers through lease arrangements with lease terms that may contain renewal, termination and/or purchase options. The Firm’s lease financings are predominantly auto operating leases. These assets subject to operating leases are recognized in other assets on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets and are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the lease term to reduce the asset to its estimated residual value. Depreciation expense is included in technology, communications and equipment expense in the Consolidated statements of income. The Firm’s lease income is generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is included in other income in the Consolidated statements of income.

On a periodic basis, the Firm assesses leased assets for impairment, and if the carrying amount of the leased asset exceeds the undiscounted cash flows from the lease payments and the estimated residual value upon disposition of the leased asset, an impairment is recognized.

The risk of loss on auto and equipment leased assets relating to the residual value of the leased assets is monitored through projections of the asset residual values at lease origination and periodic review of residual values, and is mitigated through arrangements with certain manufacturers or lessees.

The following table presents the carrying value of assets subject to leases reported on the Consolidated balance sheets.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Carrying value of assets subject to operating leases, net of accumulated depreciation	$	12,988	$	10,663
Accumulated depreciation	2,509		3,288

The following table presents the Firm’s operating lease income and the related depreciation expense on the Consolidated statements of income.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Operating lease income	$	2,795	$	2,843	$	3,654
Depreciation expense	1,685		1,778		2,475

The following table presents future receipts under operating leases as of December 31, 2024.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)
2025	$	2,381
2026	1,707
2027	704
2028	47
2029	5
After 2029	4
Total future minimum lease receipts	$	4,848

Leases

Firm as lessee

The carrying values of the Firm’s operating leases were as follows:


December 31, (in millions, except where otherwise noted)
	2024			2023
Right-of-use assets	$	8,494		$	8,431
Lease liabilities	8,900			8,833

Weighted average remaining lease term (in years)	8.3			8.4
Weighted average discount rate	4.24		%	4.01		%

Supplemental cash flow information
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities - operating cash flows	$	1,734		$	1,662
Supplemental non-cash information
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	1,565		$	2,094


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Rental expense
Gross rental expense	$	2,231	$	2,079
Sublease rental income	(41)		(72)
Net rental expense	$	2,190	$	2,007

The following table presents future payments under operating leases as of December 31, 2024.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)
2025	1,709
2026	1,553
2027	1,412
2028	1,248
2029	1,048
After 2029	3,721
Total future minimum lease payments	10,691
Less: Imputed interest	(1,791)
Total	$	8,900

Firm as lessor

The following table presents the carrying value of assets subject to leases reported on the Consolidated balance sheets.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Carrying value of assets subject to operating leases, net of accumulated depreciation	$	12,988	$	10,663
Accumulated depreciation	2,509		3,288

The following table presents the Firm’s operating lease income and the related depreciation expense on the Consolidated statements of income.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Operating lease income	$	2,795	$	2,843	$	3,654
Depreciation expense	1,685		1,778		2,475

The following table presents future receipts under operating leases as of December 31, 2024.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)
2025	$	2,381
2026	1,707
2027	704
2028	47
2029	5
After 2029	4
Total future minimum lease receipts	$	4,848

Basis of Presentation (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Schedule of significant accounting policies

The following table identifies JPMorganChase’s other significant accounting policies and the Note and page where a detailed description of each policy can be found.



Fair value measurement	Note 2	page 181
Fair value option	Note 3	page 203
Derivative instruments	Note 5	page 209
Noninterest revenue and noninterest expense	Note 6	page 225
Interest income and Interest expense	Note 7	page 229
Pension and other postretirement employee benefit plans	Note 8	page 230
Employee share-based incentives	Note 9	page 233
Investment securities	Note 10	page 235
Securities financing activities	Note 11	page 240
Loans	Note 12	page 243
Allowance for credit losses	Note 13	page 266
Variable interest entities	Note 14	page 271
Goodwill, mortgage servicing rights, and other intangible assets	Note 15	page 280
Premises and equipment	Note 16	page 285
Leases	Note 18	page 286
Accounts payable & other liabilities	Note 19	page 288
Long-term debt	Note 20	page 289
Earnings per share	Note 23	page 294
Income taxes	Note 25	page 296
Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments	Note 28	page 302
Litigation	Note 30	page 309

Parent Company - Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income
Other income/(expense)	$ 84,973	$ 68,837	$ 61,985
Total income	177,556	158,104	128,695
Expense
Other interest expense/(income)	(92,583)	(89,267)	(66,710)
Noninterest expense	9,552	12,045	6,365
Income tax benefit	(16,610)	(12,060)	(8,490)
Net income/(loss)	58,471	49,552	37,676
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net	(2,013)	6,898	(17,257)
Comprehensive income	56,458	56,450	20,419
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Income
Interest income from subsidiaries	1,228	1,166	498
Other income/(expense)	1,252	(654)	5,271
Total income	40,207	63,563	43,107
Expense
Interest expense/(income) to subsidiaries and affiliates	7,433	2,258	22,731
Other interest expense/(income)	8,068	11,714	(14,658)
Noninterest expense	3,280	3,431	2,817
Total expense	18,781	17,403	10,890
Income before income tax benefit and undistributed net income of subsidiaries	21,426	46,160	32,217
Income tax benefit	1,264	1,525	1,260
Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiaries	35,781	1,867	4,199
Net income/(loss)	58,471	49,552	37,676
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net	(2,013)	6,898	(17,257)
Comprehensive income	56,458	56,450	20,419
Bank and bank holding company \| JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Income
Dividends from subsidiaries and affiliates	37,000	61,000	40,500
Other income/(expense) from subsidiaries	555	1,801	(3,497)
Non-bank \| JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Income
Dividends from subsidiaries and affiliates	0	0	0
Other income/(expense) from subsidiaries	$ 172	$ 250	$ 335

Variable Interest Entities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Variable Interest Entities [Abstract]

Variable Interest Entities

Variable interest entities

Refer to Note 1 on page 177 for a further description of the Firm’s accounting policies regarding consolidation of and involvement with VIEs.

The following table summarizes the most significant types of Firm-sponsored VIEs by business segment. The Firm considers a “Firm-sponsored” VIE to include any entity where: (1) JPMorganChase is the primary beneficiary of the structure; (2) the VIE is used by JPMorganChase to securitize Firm assets; (3) the VIE issues financial instruments with the JPMorganChase name; or (4) the entity is a JPMorganChase–administered asset-backed commercial paper conduit.


Line of Business	Transaction Type	Activity	2024 Form 10-K page references
CCB	Credit card securitization trusts	Securitization of originated credit card receivables	pages 271–272
	Mortgage securitization trusts	Servicing and securitization of both originated and purchased residential mortgages	pages 272–274
CIB	Mortgage and other securitization trusts	Securitization of both originated and purchased residential and commercial mortgages, and other consumer loans	pages 272–274
	Multi-seller conduits	Assisting clients in accessing the financial markets in a cost-efficient manner and structuring transactions to meet investor needs	page 274
	Municipal bond vehicles	Financing of municipal bond investments	pages 274–275

The Firm’s other business segments and Corporate are also involved with VIEs (both third-party and Firm-sponsored), but to a lesser extent, as follows:

•Asset & Wealth Management: AWM sponsors and manages certain funds that are deemed VIEs. As asset manager of the funds, AWM earns a fee based on assets managed; the fee varies with each fund’s investment objective and is competitively priced. For fund entities that qualify as VIEs, AWM’s interests are, in certain cases, considered to be significant variable interests that result in consolidation of the financial results of these entities.

•Corporate: Corporate is involved with entities that may meet the definition of VIEs; however these entities are generally subject to specialized investment company accounting, which does not require the consolidation of investments, including VIEs. In addition, Treasury and CIO invest in securities generally issued by third parties which may meet the definition of VIEs (e.g., issuers of asset-backed securities). In general, the Firm does not have the power to direct the significant activities of these entities and therefore does not consolidate these entities. Refer to Note 10 for further information on the Firm’s investment securities portfolio.

In addition, CIB also invests in and provides financing, lending-related services and other services to VIEs sponsored by third parties. Refer to page 276 of this Note for more information on the VIEs sponsored by third parties.

Significant Firm-sponsored VIEs

Credit card securitizations

CCB’s Card Services business may securitize originated credit card loans, primarily through the Chase Issuance Trust (the “Trust”). The Firm’s continuing involvement in credit card securitizations includes servicing the receivables, retaining an undivided seller’s interest in the receivables, retaining certain senior and subordinated securities and maintaining escrow accounts.

The Firm consolidates the assets and liabilities of its sponsored credit card trusts as it is considered to be the primary beneficiary of these securitization trusts based on the Firm’s ability to direct the activities of these VIEs through its servicing responsibilities and other duties, including making decisions as to the receivables that are transferred into those trusts and as to any related modifications and workouts. Additionally, the nature and extent of the Firm’s other

continuing involvement with the trusts, as indicated above, obligates the Firm to absorb losses and gives the Firm the right to receive certain benefits from these VIEs that could potentially be significant.

The underlying securitized credit card receivables and other assets of the securitization trusts are available only for payment of the beneficial interests issued by the securitization trusts; they are not available to pay the Firm’s other obligations or the claims of the Firm’s creditors.

The agreements with the credit card securitization trusts require the Firm to maintain a minimum undivided interest in the credit card trusts (generally 5%). As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Firm held undivided interests in Firm-sponsored credit card securitization trusts of $6.6 billion and $4.9 billion, respectively. The Firm maintained an average undivided interest in principal receivables owned by

those trusts of approximately 45% and 65% for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Firm did not retain any senior securities and retained $1.5 billion of subordinated securities in certain of its credit card securitization trusts at both December 31, 2024 and 2023. The Firm’s undivided interests in the credit card trusts and securities retained are eliminated in consolidation.

Firm-sponsored mortgage and other securitization trusts

The Firm securitizes (or has securitized) originated and purchased residential mortgages, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans primarily in its CCB and CIB businesses. Depending on the particular transaction, as well as the respective business involved, the Firm may act as the servicer of the loans and/or retain certain beneficial interests in the securitization trusts.

The following tables present the total unpaid principal amount of assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, including those in which the Firm has continuing involvement, and those that are consolidated by the Firm. Continuing involvement includes servicing the loans, holding senior interests or subordinated interests (including amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules), recourse or guarantee arrangements, and derivative contracts. In certain instances, the Firm’s only continuing involvement is servicing the loans. The Firm’s maximum loss exposure from retained and purchased interests is the carrying value of these interests. Refer to page 279 of this Note for information on the securitization-related loan delinquencies and liquidation losses.


	Principal amount outstanding						JPMorganChase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Total assets held by securitization VIEs		Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs		Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement		Trading assets		Investment securities		Other financial assets		Total interests held by JPMorganChase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs	$	71,085	$	615	$	50,846	$	613	$	1,850	$	614	$	3,077
Subprime	8,824		—		1,847		44		19		—		63
Commercial and other(b)	186,293		243		125,510		530		5,768		1,074		7,372
Total	$	266,202	$	858	$	178,203	$	1,187	$	7,637	$	1,688	$	10,512


	Principal amount outstanding						JPMorganChase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Total assets held by securitization VIEs		Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs		Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement		Trading assets		Investment securities		Other financial assets		Total interests held by JPMorganChase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs	$	58,570	$	675	$	39,319	$	595	$	1,981	$	60	$	2,636
Subprime	8,881		—		1,312		3		—		—		3
Commercial and other(b)	168,042		—		120,262		831		5,638		1,354		7,823
Total	$	235,493	$	675	$	160,893	$	1,429	$	7,619	$	1,414	$	10,462

(a)Excludes U.S. GSEs and government agency securitizations and re-securitizations, which are not Firm-sponsored.

(b)Consists of securities backed by commercial real estate loans and non-mortgage-related consumer receivables.

(c)Excludes the following: retained servicing; securities retained from loan sales and securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies; interest rate and foreign exchange derivatives primarily used to manage interest rate and foreign exchange risks of securitization entities; senior securities of $256 million and $52 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and subordinated securities which were not material at December 31, 2024 and 2023, which the Firm purchased in connection with CIB’s secondary market-making activities.

(d)Includes interests held in re-securitization transactions.

(e)At both December 31, 2024 and 2023, 77% of the Firm’s retained securitization interests, which are predominantly carried at fair value and include amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, were risk-rated “A” or better, on an S&P-equivalent basis. The retained interests in prime residential mortgages consisted of $2.9 billion and $2.5 billion of investment-grade retained interests at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $216 million and $88 million of noninvestment-grade retained interests at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The retained interests in commercial and other securitization trusts consisted of $6.0 billion and $6.1 billion of investment-grade retained interests, and $1.4 billion and $1.7 billion of noninvestment-grade retained interests at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Residential mortgage

The Firm securitizes residential mortgage loans originated by CCB, as well as residential mortgage loans purchased from third parties by either CCB or CIB. CCB generally retains servicing for all residential mortgage loans it originated or purchased, and for certain mortgage loans purchased by CIB. For securitizations of loans serviced by CCB, the Firm has the power to direct the significant activities of the VIE because it is responsible for decisions related to loan modifications and workouts. CCB may also retain an interest upon securitization.

In addition, CIB engages in underwriting and trading activities involving securities issued by Firm-sponsored securitization trusts. As a result, CIB at times retains senior and/or subordinated interests (including residual interests and amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules) in residential mortgage securitizations at the time of securitization, and/or reacquires positions in the secondary market in the normal course of business. In certain instances, as a result of the positions retained or reacquired by CIB or held by Treasury and CIO or CCB, when considered together with the servicing arrangements entered into by CCB, the Firm is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of certain securitization trusts.

The Firm does not consolidate residential mortgage securitizations (Firm-sponsored or third-party-sponsored) when it is not the servicer (and therefore does not have the power to direct the most significant activities of the trust) or does not hold a beneficial interest in the trust that could potentially be significant to the trust.

Commercial mortgages and other consumer securitizations

CIB originates and securitizes commercial mortgage loans, and engages in underwriting and trading activities involving the securities issued by securitization trusts. CIB may retain unsold senior and/or subordinated interests (including amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules) in commercial mortgage securitizations at the time of securitization but, generally, the Firm does not service commercial loan securitizations. Treasury and CIO may choose to invest in these securitizations as well. For commercial mortgage securitizations the power to direct the significant activities of the VIE generally is held by the servicer or investors in a specified class of securities (“controlling class”). The Firm generally does not retain an interest in the controlling class in its sponsored commercial mortgage securitization transactions.

Re-securitizations

The Firm engages in certain re-securitization transactions in which debt securities are transferred to a VIE in exchange for new beneficial interests. These transfers occur in connection with both U.S. GSEs and government agency sponsored VIEs, which are backed by residential mortgages. The Firm’s consolidation analysis is largely dependent on the Firm’s role and interest in the re-securitization trusts.

The following table presents the principal amount of securities transferred to re-securitization VIEs.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Transfers of securities to VIEs
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	$	44,456	$	18,864	$	16,128

Most re-securitizations with which the Firm is involved are client-driven transactions in which a specific client or group of clients is seeking a specific return or risk profile. For these transactions, the Firm has concluded that the decision-making power of the entity is shared between the Firm and its clients, considering the joint effort and decisions in establishing the re-securitization trust and its assets, as well as the significant economic interest the client holds in the re-securitization trust; therefore the Firm does not consolidate the re-securitization VIE.

The Firm did not transfer any private label securities to re-securitization VIEs during 2024, 2023 and 2022, and retained interests in any such Firm-sponsored VIEs as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were not material.

Additionally, the Firm may invest in beneficial interests of third-party-sponsored re-securitizations and generally purchases these interests in the secondary market. In these circumstances, the Firm does not have the unilateral ability to direct the most significant activities of the re-securitization trust, either because it was not involved in the initial design of the trust, or the Firm was involved with an independent third-party sponsor and demonstrated shared power over the creation of the trust; therefore, the Firm does not consolidate the re-securitization VIE.

The following table presents information on the Firm's interests in nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs.


December 31, (in millions)	Nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs
	2024		2023
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Interest in VIEs	$	3,219	$	3,371

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Firm did not consolidate any U.S. GSE and government agency re-securitization VIEs or any Firm-sponsored private-label re-securitization VIEs.

Multi-seller conduits

Multi-seller conduit entities are separate bankruptcy remote entities that provide secured financing, collateralized by pools of receivables and other financial assets, to customers of the Firm. The conduits fund their financing facilities through the issuance of highly rated commercial paper. The primary source of repayment of the commercial paper is the cash flows from the pools of assets. In most instances, the assets are structured with deal-specific credit enhancements provided to the conduits by the customers (i.e., sellers) or other third parties. Deal-specific credit enhancements are generally structured to cover a multiple of historical losses expected on the pool of assets, and are typically in the form of overcollateralization provided by the seller. The deal-specific credit enhancements mitigate the Firm’s potential losses on its agreements with the conduits.

To ensure timely repayment of the commercial paper, and to provide the conduits with funding to provide financing to customers in the event that the conduits do not obtain funding in the commercial paper market, each asset pool financed by the conduits has a minimum 100% deal-specific liquidity facility associated with it provided by JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. also provides the multi-seller conduit vehicles with uncommitted program-wide liquidity facilities and program-wide credit enhancement in the form of standby letters of credit. The amount of program-wide credit enhancement required is based upon commercial paper issuance and approximates 10% of the outstanding balance of commercial paper.

The Firm consolidates its Firm-administered multi-seller conduits, as the Firm has both the power to direct the significant activities of the conduits and a potentially significant economic interest in the conduits. As administrative agent and in its role in structuring transactions, the Firm makes decisions regarding asset types and credit quality, and manages the commercial paper funding needs of the conduits. The Firm’s interests that could potentially be significant to the VIEs include the fees received as administrative agent and liquidity and program-wide

credit enhancement provider, as well as the potential exposure created by the liquidity and credit enhancement facilities provided to the conduits.

In the normal course of business, JPMorganChase makes markets in and invests in commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The Firm held $2.9 billion and $9.8 billion of the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, which have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm’s investments reflect the Firm’s funding needs and capacity and were not driven by market illiquidity. Other than the amounts required to be held pursuant to credit risk retention rules, the Firm is not obligated under any agreement to purchase the commercial paper issued by the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits.

Deal-specific liquidity facilities, program-wide liquidity and credit enhancement provided by the Firm have been eliminated in consolidation. The Firm or the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits provide lending-related commitments to certain clients of the Firm-administered multi-seller conduits. The unfunded commitments were $10.3 billion and $10.8 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and are reported as off-balance sheet lending-related commitments in other unfunded commitments to extend credit. Refer to Note 28 for more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.

Municipal bond vehicles

Municipal bond vehicles or tender option bond (“TOB”) trusts allow institutions to finance their municipal bond investments at short-term rates. In a typical TOB transaction, the trust purchases highly rated municipal bond(s) of a single issuer and funds the purchase by issuing two types of securities: (1) puttable floating-rate certificates (“floaters”) and (2) inverse floating-rate residual interests (“residuals”). The floaters are typically purchased by money market funds or other short-term investors and may be tendered, with requisite notice, to the TOB trust. The residuals are retained by the investor seeking to finance its municipal bond investment. TOB transactions where the residual is held by a third-party investor are typically known as customer TOB trusts, and non-customer TOB trusts are transactions where the Residual is retained by the Firm. Customer TOB trusts are sponsored by a third party. The Firm serves as sponsor for all non-customer TOB transactions. The Firm may provide various services to a TOB trust, including remarketing agent, liquidity or tender option provider, and/or sponsor.

J.P. Morgan Securities LLC may serve as a remarketing agent on the floaters for TOB trusts. The remarketing agent is responsible for establishing the periodic variable rate on the floaters, conducting the initial

placement and remarketing tendered floaters. The remarketing agent may, but is not obligated to, make markets in floaters. Floaters held by the Firm were not material during 2024 and 2023.

JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. or J.P. Morgan Securities LLC often serves as the sole liquidity or tender option provider for the TOB trusts. The liquidity provider’s obligation to perform is conditional and is limited by certain events (“Termination Events”), which include bankruptcy or failure to pay by the municipal bond issuer or credit enhancement provider, an event of taxability on the municipal bonds or the immediate downgrade of the municipal bond to below investment grade. In addition, the liquidity provider’s exposure is typically further limited by the high credit quality of the underlying municipal bonds, the excess collateralization in the vehicle, or, in certain

transactions, the reimbursement agreements with the Residual holders.

Holders of the floaters may “put,” or tender, their floaters to the TOB trust. If the remarketing agent cannot successfully remarket the floaters to another investor, the liquidity provider either provides a loan to the TOB trust for the TOB trust’s purchase of the floaters, or it directly purchases the tendered floaters.

TOB trusts are considered to be variable interest entities. The Firm consolidates non-customer TOB trusts because as the Residual holder, the Firm has the right to make decisions that significantly impact the economic performance of the municipal bond vehicle, and it has the right to receive benefits and bear losses that could potentially be significant to the municipal bond vehicle.

Consolidated VIE assets and liabilities

The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Firm as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.


	Assets									Liabilities
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Trading assets		Loans			Other(c)		Total assets(d)		Beneficial interests in VIE assets(e)		Other(f)		Total liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts	$	—	$	13,531		$	168	$	13,699	$	5,312	$	10	$	5,322
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits	1		20,383			133		20,517		18,228		26		18,254
Municipal bond vehicles	3,388		—			22		3,410		3,617		15		3,632
Mortgage securitization entities(a)	—		630			8		638		115		48		163
Other	496		1,966		(b)	350		2,812		51		355		406
Total	$	3,885	$	36,510		$	681	$	41,076	$	27,323	$	454	$	27,777

	Assets									Liabilities
December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Trading assets		Loans			Other(c)		Total assets(d)		Beneficial interests in VIE assets(e)		Other(f)		Total liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts	$	—	$	9,460		$	117	$	9,577	$	2,998	$	6	$	3,004
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits	1		27,372			194		27,567		17,781		30		17,811
Municipal bond vehicles	2,056		—			22		2,078		2,116		11		2,127
Mortgage securitization entities(a)	—		693			8		701		125		57		182
Other	113		86			250		449		—		159		159
Total	$	2,170	$	37,611		$	591	$	40,372	$	23,020	$	263	$	23,283

(a)Includes residential mortgage securitizations.

(b)Primarily includes consumer loans in CIB.

(c)Includes assets classified as cash and other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.

(d)The assets of the consolidated VIEs included in the program types above are used to settle the liabilities of those entities. The assets and liabilities include third-party assets and liabilities of consolidated VIEs and exclude intercompany balances that eliminate in consolidation.

(e)The interest-bearing beneficial interest liabilities issued by consolidated VIEs are classified on the Consolidated balance sheets as “Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs”. The holders of these beneficial interests generally do not have recourse to the general credit of JPMorganChase. Included in beneficial interests in VIE assets are long-term beneficial interests of $5.5 billion and $3.1 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(f)Includes liabilities classified as accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.

VIEs sponsored by third parties

The Firm enters into transactions with VIEs structured by other parties. These include, for example, acting as a derivative counterparty, liquidity provider, investor, underwriter, placement agent, remarketing agent, trustee or custodian. These transactions are conducted at arm’s-length, and individual credit decisions are based on the analysis of the specific VIE, taking into consideration the quality of the underlying assets. Where the Firm does not have the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance, or a variable interest that could potentially be significant, the Firm generally does not consolidate the VIE, but it records and reports these positions on its Consolidated balance sheets in the same manner it would record and report positions in respect of any other third-party transaction.

Tax credit vehicles

The Firm holds investments in unconsolidated tax credit vehicles, which are limited partnerships and similar entities that own and operate affordable housing, alternative energy, and other projects. These entities are primarily considered VIEs. A third party is typically the general partner or managing member and has control over the significant activities of the tax credit vehicles, and accordingly the Firm does not consolidate tax credit vehicles. The Firm generally invests in these partnerships as a limited partner and earns a return primarily through the receipt of tax credits allocated to the projects. The maximum loss exposure, represented by equity investments and funding commitments, was $35.2 billion and $35.1 billion, of which $15.0 billion and $14.7 billion was unfunded at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The Firm assesses each project and to reduce the risk of loss, may withhold varying amounts of its capital investment until the project qualifies for tax credits. Refer to Note 28 for more information on off-balance sheet lending-related commitments.

Effective January 1, 2024, the Firm adopted updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method guidance which expanded the types of tax-oriented investments, beyond affordable housing tax credit investments, that the Firm can elect on a program by program basis, to be accounted for using the proportional amortization method. Refer to Notes 1, 6 and 25 for further information.

The proportional amortization method requires the cost of eligible investments, within an elected program, be amortized in proportion to the tax benefits received with the resulting amortization reported directly in income tax expense, which aligns with the associated tax credits and other tax benefits. Investments must meet certain criteria to be eligible,

including that substantially all of the return is from income tax credits and other income tax benefits.

In addition, under this method deferred taxes are generally not recorded as the investment is now amortized in proportion to the income tax credits and other income tax benefits received. Delayed equity contributions that are unconditional and legally binding or conditional and probable of occurring are recorded in other liabilities with a corresponding increase in the carrying value of the investment. The guidance also requires a reevaluation of eligible investments when significant modifications or events occur that result in a change in the nature of the investment or a change in the Firm's relationship with the underlying project. During the period, there were no significant modifications or events that resulted in a change in the nature of an eligible investment or a change in the Firm's relationship with the underlying project.

The following table provides information on tax-oriented investments for which the Firm elected to apply the proportional amortization method.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Alternative energy and affordable housing programs(d)
	2024		2023		2022
Programs for which the Firm elected proportional amortization:
Carrying value(a)	$	31,978	$	14,644	$	12,052
Tax credits and other tax benefits(b)	6,379		2,044		1,786
Investments that qualify to be accounted for using proportional amortization:
Amortization losses recognized as a component of income tax expense	(5,018)		(1,561)		(1,353)
Non-income-tax-related gains/(losses) and other returns received that are recognized outside of income tax expense(c)	142		(1)		(1)

(a)Recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets. Excludes programs to which the Firm does not apply the proportional amortization method, such as historic tax credit and new market tax credit programs.

(b)Reflected in Income tax expense on the Consolidated statements of income and Operating activities on the Consolidated statements of cash flows.

(c)Recorded in Other income on the Consolidated statements of income and Operating activities on the Consolidated statements of cash flows.

(d)As of December 31, 2023 and 2022 represents eligible affordable housing investments.

Customer municipal bond vehicles (TOB trusts)

The Firm may provide various services to customer TOB trusts, including remarketing agent, liquidity or tender option provider. In certain customer TOB transactions, the Firm, as liquidity provider, has entered into a reimbursement agreement with the Residual holder. In those transactions, upon the termination of the vehicle, the Firm has recourse to the third-party Residual holders for any shortfall. The Firm does not have any intent to protect Residual holders from potential losses on any of the underlying municipal bonds. The Firm does not consolidate customer TOB trusts, since the Firm does not have the power to make decisions that significantly impact the economic performance of the municipal bond vehicle.

The Firm’s maximum exposure as a liquidity provider to customer TOB trusts at December 31, 2024 and 2023, was $5.8 billion and $5.1 billion, respectively. The fair value of assets held by such VIEs at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $8.1 billion and $7.3 billion, respectively.

Loan securitizations

The Firm has securitized and sold a variety of loans, including residential mortgages, credit card receivables, commercial mortgages and other consumer loans. The purposes of these securitization transactions were to satisfy investor demand and to generate liquidity for the Firm.

For loan securitizations in which the Firm is not required to consolidate the trust, the Firm records the transfer of the loan receivable to the trust as a sale when all of the following accounting criteria for a sale are met: (1) the transferred financial assets are legally isolated from the Firm’s creditors; (2) the transferee or beneficial interest holder can pledge or exchange the transferred financial assets; and (3) the Firm does not maintain effective control over the transferred financial assets (e.g., the Firm cannot repurchase the transferred assets before their maturity and it does not have the ability to unilaterally cause the holder to return the transferred assets).

For loan securitizations accounted for as a sale, the Firm recognizes a gain or loss based on the difference between the value of proceeds received (including cash, beneficial interests, or servicing assets received) and the carrying value of the assets sold. Gains and losses on securitizations are reported in noninterest revenue.

Securitization activity

The following table provides information related to the Firm’s securitization activities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, related to assets held in Firm-sponsored securitization entities that were not consolidated by the Firm, and where sale accounting was achieved at the time of the securitization.


	2024				2023				2022
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Residential mortgage(d)		Commercial and other(e)		Residential mortgage(d)		Commercial and other(e)		Residential mortgage(d)		Commercial and other(e)
Principal securitized	$	19,988	$	17,683	$	7,678	$	3,901	$	10,218	$	9,036
All cash flows during the period:(a)
Proceeds received from loan sales as financial instruments(b)(c)	$	19,870	$	17,346	$	7,251	$	3,896	$	9,783	$	8,921
Servicing fees collected	35		35		24		5		62		2
Cash flows received on interests	405		1,303		325		425		489		285

(a)Excludes re-securitization transactions.

(b)Primarily includes Level 2 assets.

(c)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.

(d)Represents prime mortgages. Excludes loan securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies.

(e)Includes commercial mortgages and auto loans.

Key assumptions used to value retained interests originated during the year are shown in the table below.


Year ended December 31,	2024		2023		2022
Residential mortgage retained interest:
Weighted-average life (in years)	4.3		9.6		10.8
Weighted-average discount rate	7.1	%	4.8	%	4.0	%
Commercial and other retained interest:
Weighted-average life (in years)	4.5		3.0		5.9
Weighted-average discount rate	6.2	%	4.6	%	2.9	%

Loans and excess MSRs sold to U.S. government-sponsored enterprises and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines

In addition to the amounts reported in the securitization activity tables above, the Firm, in the normal course of business, sells originated and purchased mortgage loans and certain originated excess MSRs on a nonrecourse basis, predominantly to U.S. GSEs. These loans and excess MSRs are sold primarily for the purpose of securitization by the U.S. GSEs, who provide certain guarantee provisions (e.g., credit enhancement of the loans). The Firm also sells loans into securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines; these loans are typically insured or guaranteed by another U.S. government agency. The Firm does not consolidate the securitization vehicles underlying these transactions as it is not the primary beneficiary. For a limited number of loan sales, the Firm is obligated to share a portion of the credit risk associated with the sold loans with the purchaser. Refer to Note 28 for additional information about the Firm’s loan sales- and securitization-related indemnifications and Note 15 for additional information about the impact of the Firm’s sale of certain excess MSRs.

The following table summarizes the activities related to loans sold to the U.S. GSEs, and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Carrying value of loans sold	$	25,765	$	19,906	$	48,891
Proceeds received from loan sales as cash	$	2,380	$	300	$	22
Proceeds from loan sales as securities(a)(b)	23,178		19,389		48,096
Total proceeds received from loan sales(c)	$	25,558	$	19,689	$	48,118
Gains/(losses) on loan sales(d)(e)	$	—	$	—	$	(25)

(a)Includes securities from U.S. GSEs and Ginnie Mae that are generally sold shortly after receipt or retained as part of the Firm’s investment securities portfolio.

(b)Included in level 2 assets.

(c)Excludes the value of MSRs retained upon the sale of loans.

(d)Gains/(losses) on loan sales include the value of MSRs.

(e)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.

Options to repurchase delinquent loans

In addition to the Firm’s obligation to repurchase certain loans due to material breaches of representations and warranties as discussed in Note 28, the Firm also has the option to repurchase delinquent loans that it services for Ginnie Mae loan pools, as well as for other U.S. government agencies under certain arrangements. The Firm typically elects to repurchase delinquent loans from Ginnie Mae loan pools as it continues to service them and/or manage the foreclosure process in accordance with the applicable requirements, and such loans continue to be insured or guaranteed. When the Firm’s repurchase option becomes exercisable, such loans must be reported on the Consolidated balance sheets as a loan with a corresponding liability. Refer to Note 12 for additional information.

The following table presents loans the Firm repurchased or had an option to repurchase, real estate owned, and foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans recognized on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Substantially all of these loans and real estate are insured or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Loans repurchased or option to repurchase(a)	$	577	$	597
Real estate owned	6		8
Foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans(b)	10		22

(a)Primarily all of these amounts relate to loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae loan pools.

(b)Relates to voluntary repurchases of loans, which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable.

Loan delinquencies and liquidation losses

The table below includes information about components of and delinquencies related to nonconsolidated securitized financial assets held in Firm-sponsored private-label securitization entities, in which the Firm has continuing involvement as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. For loans sold or securitized where servicing is the Firm’s only form of continuing involvement, the Firm generally experiences a loss only if the Firm was required to repurchase a delinquent loan or foreclosed asset due to a breach in representations and warranties associated with its loan sale or servicing contracts.


As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions)	Securitized assets				90 days past due				Net liquidation losses / (recoveries)
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Securitized loans
Residential mortgage:
Prime/ Alt-A & option ARMs	$	50,846	$	39,319	$	501	$	440	$	10	$	14
Subprime	1,847		1,312		113		131		2		5
Commercial and other	125,510		120,262		1,715		2,874		77		60
Total loans securitized	$	178,203	$	160,893	$	2,329	$	3,445	$	89	$	79

Noninterest Revenue and Noninterest Expense - Principal Transactions (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Principal transactions revenue
Total trading revenue	$ 24,720	$ 24,554	$ 19,957
Private equity gains/(losses)	67	(94)	(45)
Principal transactions	24,787	24,460	19,912
Interest rate
Principal transactions revenue
Total trading revenue	3,631	5,607	3,010
Credit
Principal transactions revenue
Total trading revenue	1,545	1,434	1,412
Foreign exchange
Principal transactions revenue
Total trading revenue	4,874	5,082	5,119
Equity
Principal transactions revenue
Total trading revenue	13,476	10,229	8,068
Commodity
Principal transactions revenue
Total trading revenue	$ 1,194	$ 2,202	$ 2,348

Loans - Consumer, Excluding Credit Card Loan Portfolio, Residential Real Estate, Financial Effect of FDMs (Details) - Consumer, excluding credit card - Residential real estate - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Trial modification trial payment period	3 months
Amortized cost basis of FDM's modified in the period	$ 206,000,000	$ 136,000,000
Weighted-average term loan extensions	15 years	20 years
Weighted average contractual interest rate before modification	7.53%	7.21%
Weighted average contractual interest rate after modification	5.44%	4.44%
Commitments to lend to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty	$ 0		$ 0

Off-balance Sheet Lending-related Financial Instruments, Guarantees, and Other Commitments - Standby Letters of Credit, Other Financial Guarantees and Other Letters of Credit (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees and other letters of credit
Total lending-related commitments/ contractual amount	$ 1,577,622	$ 1,497,847
Allowance for lending-related commitments	2,101	1,974	$ 2,382	$ 2,261
Total carrying value	3,689	4,139
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees and other letters of credit
Investment-grade	20,443	19,694
Noninvestment-grade	8,233	9,178
Total lending-related commitments/ contractual amount	28,676	28,872
Allowance for lending-related commitments	94	110
Guarantee liability	379	369
Total carrying value	473	479
Commitments with collateral	16,805	16,861
Other letters of credit
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees and other letters of credit
Investment-grade	3,380	3,552
Noninvestment-grade	974	836
Total lending-related commitments/ contractual amount	4,354	4,388
Allowance for lending-related commitments	37	37
Guarantee liability	0	0
Total carrying value	37	37
Commitments with collateral	$ 357	$ 539

Fair Value Measurement - Recurring Basis (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	$ 665,587	$ 539,248
Derivative netting adjustments	(604,620)	(484,384)
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	60,967	54,864
Trading assets	637,784	540,607
Available-for-sale securities	406,852	201,704
Loans	41,350	38,851
Mortgage servicing rights	9,121	8,522	$ 7,973	$ 5,494
Derivative payables, gross	653,218	546,972
Derivative netting adjustments	(613,557)	(506,125)
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	39,661	40,847
Interest rate
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	290,734	250,691
Derivative netting adjustments	(265,789)	(224,367)
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	24,945	26,324
Derivative payables, gross	274,228	240,482
Derivative netting adjustments	(264,989)	(228,586)
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	9,239	11,896
Credit
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	11,087	9,654
Derivative netting adjustments	(10,273)	(9,103)
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	814	551
Derivative payables, gross	13,796	12,038
Derivative netting adjustments	(11,898)	(10,949)
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	1,898	1,089
Foreign exchange
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	262,920	205,775
Derivative netting adjustments	(237,608)	(187,756)
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	25,312	18,019
Derivative payables, gross	254,567	212,263
Derivative netting adjustments	(238,970)	(199,643)
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	15,597	12,620
Equity
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	85,220	57,689
Derivative netting adjustments	(79,935)	(52,761)
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	5,285	4,928
Derivative payables, gross	96,139	65,811
Derivative netting adjustments	(87,491)	(56,443)
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	8,648	9,368
Commodity
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	15,626	15,439
Derivative netting adjustments	(11,015)	(10,397)
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	4,611	5,042
Derivative payables, gross	14,488	16,378
Derivative netting adjustments	(10,209)	(10,504)
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	4,279	5,874
Total mortgage-backed securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	100,769	91,612
Mortgage-backed securities, Commercial - nonagency
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	4,065	2,803
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	234,779	57,805
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	6,100	5,900
Available-for-sale securities	17,913	21,367
Non-U.S. government debt securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	36,245	21,282
Corporate debt securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	70	100
Asset-backed securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	17,076
Asset-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	14,943	6,752
Fair Value Measured at Net Asset Value Per Share
Fair value assets and liabilities measured on recurring basis - supplemental data
Alternative investments, net asset value, fair value	1,000	1,000
Recurring
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	286,771	259,813
Securities borrowed	83,962	70,086
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	576,817	485,701
Derivative netting adjustments	(604,620)	(484,384)
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	60,967	54,864
Trading assets	637,784	540,565
Available-for-sale securities	406,852	201,704
Loans	41,350	38,851
Mortgage servicing rights	9,121	8,522
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	1,479,913	1,130,863
Deposits	33,768	78,384
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	226,329	169,003
Short-term borrowings	26,521	20,042
Trading liabilities, Debt and equity instruments	153,222	139,581
Derivative netting adjustments	(613,557)	(506,125)
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	39,661	40,847
Trading liabilities	192,883	180,428
Accounts payable and other liabilities	5,893	5,637
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	1	1
Long-term debt	100,780	87,924
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	586,175	541,419
Recurring \| Other assets
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Other assets	14,073	11,322
Recurring \| Interest rate
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative netting adjustments	(265,789)	(224,367)
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	24,945	26,324
Derivative netting adjustments	(264,989)	(228,586)
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	9,239	11,896
Recurring \| Credit
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative netting adjustments	(10,273)	(9,103)
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	814	551
Derivative netting adjustments	(11,898)	(10,949)
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	1,898	1,089
Recurring \| Foreign exchange
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative netting adjustments	(237,608)	(187,756)
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	25,312	18,019
Derivative netting adjustments	(238,970)	(199,643)
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	15,597	12,620
Recurring \| Equity
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative netting adjustments	(79,935)	(52,761)
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	5,285	4,928
Derivative netting adjustments	(87,491)	(56,443)
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	8,648	9,368
Recurring \| Commodity
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative netting adjustments	(11,015)	(10,397)
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	4,611	5,042
Derivative netting adjustments	(10,209)	(10,504)
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	4,279	5,874
Recurring \| Total debt instruments
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	417,428	353,198
Recurring \| Total mortgage-backed securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	108,380	77,898
Available-for-sale securities	100,769	91,612
Recurring \| Mortgage-backed securities, U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	104,800	74,598
Available-for-sale securities	91,893	85,170
Recurring \| Mortgage-backed securities, Residential - nonagency
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	2,287	1,926
Available-for-sale securities	4,811	3,639
Recurring \| Mortgage-backed securities, Commercial - nonagency
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	1,293	1,374
Available-for-sale securities	4,065	2,803
Recurring \| U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	162,282	143,995
Available-for-sale securities	234,779	57,805
Recurring \| Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	6,101	5,868
Available-for-sale securities	17,913	21,367
Recurring \| Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	3,950	756
Recurring \| Non-U.S. government debt securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	88,595	80,582
Available-for-sale securities	36,245	21,282
Recurring \| Corporate debt securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	33,981	33,338
Available-for-sale securities	70	100
Recurring \| Loans
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	11,316	8,556
Recurring \| Asset-backed securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	2,823	2,205
Recurring \| Equity securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	131,728	108,732
Recurring \| Physical commodities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	7,516	5,791
Recurring \| Other
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	20,145	17,980
Recurring \| Asset-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	14,943	6,752
Recurring \| Asset-backed securities, other
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	2,133	2,786
Recurring \| US GSE obligations
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	120,100	78,500
Recurring \| Level 1
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	0	0
Securities borrowed	0	0
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	320,952	269,248
Derivative receivables, gross	5,130	2,964
Trading assets	326,082	272,212
Available-for-sale securities	258,464	70,778
Loans	0	0
Mortgage servicing rights	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	590,278	349,625
Deposits	0	0
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	0	0
Short-term borrowings	0	0
Trading liabilities, Debt and equity instruments	120,719	107,292
Derivative payables, gross	4,168	4,556
Trading liabilities	124,887	111,848
Accounts payable and other liabilities	3,100	3,968
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	0	0
Long-term debt	0	0
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	127,987	115,816
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Other assets
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Other assets	5,732	6,635
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Interest rate
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	4,934	2,815
Derivative payables, gross	3,981	4,409
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Credit
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	0	0
Derivative payables, gross	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Foreign exchange
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	196	149
Derivative payables, gross	187	147
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Equity
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	0	0
Derivative payables, gross	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Commodity
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	0	0
Derivative payables, gross	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Total debt instruments
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	184,688	158,843
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Total mortgage-backed securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	0	0
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Mortgage-backed securities, U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	0	0
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Mortgage-backed securities, Residential - nonagency
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	0	0
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Mortgage-backed securities, Commercial - nonagency
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	0	0
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	150,580	133,997
Available-for-sale securities	234,491	57,683
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	0	0
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Non-U.S. government debt securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	34,108	24,846
Available-for-sale securities	23,973	13,095
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Corporate debt securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	0	0
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Loans
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Asset-backed securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Equity securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	130,307	107,926
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Physical commodities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	5,957	2,479
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Other
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Asset-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 1 \| Asset-backed securities, other
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 2
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	286,771	259,813
Securities borrowed	83,962	70,086
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	253,423	214,080
Derivative receivables, gross	652,005	527,360
Trading assets	905,428	741,440
Available-for-sale securities	148,380	130,926
Loans	38,934	35,772
Mortgage servicing rights	0	0
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	1,470,472	1,241,966
Deposits	31,583	76,551
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	226,329	169,003
Short-term borrowings	23,045	18,284
Trading liabilities, Debt and equity instruments	32,457	32,252
Derivative payables, gross	637,617	531,640
Trading liabilities	670,074	563,892
Accounts payable and other liabilities	2,717	1,617
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	1	1
Long-term debt	66,216	60,198
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	1,019,965	889,546
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Other assets
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Other assets	6,997	3,929
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Interest rate
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	282,019	243,578
Derivative payables, gross	266,767	232,277
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Credit
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	10,379	8,644
Derivative payables, gross	12,725	11,293
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Foreign exchange
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	261,520	204,737
Derivative payables, gross	253,196	211,289
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Equity
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	82,855	55,167
Derivative payables, gross	90,908	60,887
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Commodity
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	15,232	15,234
Derivative payables, gross	14,021	15,894
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Total debt instruments
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	230,596	192,217
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Total mortgage-backed securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	107,877	77,123
Available-for-sale securities	100,761	91,612
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Mortgage-backed securities, U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	104,312	73,840
Available-for-sale securities	91,893	85,170
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Mortgage-backed securities, Residential - nonagency
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	2,282	1,921
Available-for-sale securities	4,811	3,639
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Mortgage-backed securities, Commercial - nonagency
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	1,283	1,362
Available-for-sale securities	4,057	2,803
Recurring \| Level 2 \| U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	11,702	9,998
Available-for-sale securities	288	122
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	6,100	5,858
Available-for-sale securities	17,913	21,367
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	3,950	756
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Non-U.S. government debt securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	54,335	55,557
Available-for-sale securities	12,272	8,187
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Corporate debt securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	33,591	32,854
Available-for-sale securities	70	100
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Loans
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	10,228	7,872
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Asset-backed securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	2,813	2,199
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Equity securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	1,359	679
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Physical commodities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	1,533	3,305
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Other
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	19,935	17,879
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Asset-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	14,943	6,752
Recurring \| Level 2 \| Asset-backed securities, other
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	2,133	2,786
Recurring \| Level 3
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	0	0
Securities borrowed	0	0
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	2,442	2,373
Derivative receivables, gross	8,452	8,924
Trading assets	10,894	11,297
Available-for-sale securities	8	0
Loans	2,416	3,079
Mortgage servicing rights	9,121	8,522
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis	23,783	23,656
Deposits	2,185	1,833
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	0	0
Short-term borrowings	3,476	1,758
Trading liabilities, Debt and equity instruments	46	37
Derivative payables, gross	11,433	10,776
Trading liabilities	11,479	10,813
Accounts payable and other liabilities	76	52
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	0	0
Long-term debt	34,564	27,726
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis	51,780	42,182
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Other assets
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Other assets	1,344	758
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Interest rate
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	3,781	4,298
Derivative payables, gross	3,480	3,796
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Credit
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	708	1,010
Derivative payables, gross	1,071	745
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Foreign exchange
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	1,204	889
Derivative payables, gross	1,184	827
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Equity
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	2,365	2,522
Derivative payables, gross	5,231	4,924
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Commodity
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Derivative receivables, gross	394	205
Derivative payables, gross	467	484
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Total debt instruments
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	2,144	2,138
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Total mortgage-backed securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	503	775
Available-for-sale securities	8	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Mortgage-backed securities, U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	488	758
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Mortgage-backed securities, Residential - nonagency
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	5	5
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Mortgage-backed securities, Commercial - nonagency
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	10	12
Available-for-sale securities	8	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	0	0
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	1	10
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances and commercial paper
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Non-U.S. government debt securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	152	179
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Corporate debt securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	390	484
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Loans
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	1,088	684
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Asset-backed securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	10	6
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Equity securities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	62	127
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Physical commodities
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	26	7
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Other
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Trading assets, debt and equity instruments	210	101
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Asset-backed securities, collateralized loan obligations
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	0	0
Recurring \| Level 3 \| Asset-backed securities, other
Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis [Abstract]
Available-for-sale securities	$ 0	$ 0

Investment Securities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

Investment Securities

Investment securities

Investment securities consist of debt securities that are classified as AFS or HTM. Debt securities classified as trading assets are discussed in Note 2. Predominantly all of the Firm’s AFS and HTM securities are held by Treasury and CIO in connection with its asset-liability management activities.

AFS securities are carried at fair value on the Consolidated balance sheets. Unrealized gains and losses, after any applicable hedge accounting adjustments or allowance for credit losses, are reported in AOCI. The specific identification method is used to determine realized gains and losses on AFS securities, which are included in investment securities gains/(losses) on the Consolidated statements of income. HTM securities, which the Firm has the intent and ability to hold until maturity, are carried at amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses, on the Consolidated balance sheets.

For both AFS and HTM securities, purchase discounts or premiums are generally amortized into interest income on a level-yield basis over the contractual life of the security. However, premiums on certain callable debt securities are amortized to the earliest call date.

The amortized costs and estimated fair values of the investment securities portfolio were as follows for the dates indicated.


	2024								2023
December 31, (in millions)	Amortized cost(d)(e)		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		Amortized cost(d)(e)		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	$	95,671	$	251	$	4,029	$	91,893	$	88,377	$	870	$	4,077		$	85,170
Residential:
U.S.	4,242		16		50		4,208		2,086		10		68			2,028
Non-U.S.	600		3		—		603		1,608		4		1			1,611
Commercial	4,115		20		70		4,065		2,930		12		139			2,803
Total mortgage-backed securities	104,628		290		4,149		100,769		95,001		896		4,285			91,612
U.S. Treasury and government agencies	235,495		545		1,261		234,779		58,051		276		522			57,805
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	18,337		110		534		17,913		21,243		390		266			21,367
Non-U.S. government debt securities	36,655		94		504		36,245		21,387		254		359			21,282
Corporate debt securities	71		—		1		70		128		—		28			100
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	14,887		59		3		14,943		6,769		11		28			6,752
Other	2,125		17		9		2,133		2,804		8		26			2,786
Unallocated portfolio layer fair value basis adjustments(a)	(1,153)		—		(1,153)		NA		73		(73)		—			NA
Total available-for-sale securities	411,045		1,115		5,308		406,852		205,456		1,762		5,514			201,704
Held-to-maturity securities(b)
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	97,177		6		13,531		83,652		105,614		39		11,643			94,010
U.S. Residential	8,605		4		904		7,705		9,709		4		970			8,743
Commercial	8,817		24		389		8,452		10,534		13		581			9,966
Total mortgage-backed securities	114,599		34		14,824		99,809		125,857		56		13,194			112,719
U.S. Treasury and government agencies	108,632		—		11,212		97,420		173,666		—		13,074			160,592
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	9,310		32		631		8,711		9,945		74		591			9,428
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	40,573		84		14		40,643		58,565		47		352			58,260
Other	1,354		2		39		1,317		1,815		1		61			1,755
Total held-to-maturity securities(c)	274,468		152		26,720		247,900		369,848		178		27,272			342,754
Total investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	685,513	$	1,267	$	32,028	$	654,752	$	575,304	$	1,940	$	32,786		$	544,458

(a)Represents the amount of portfolio layer method basis adjustments related to AFS securities hedged in a closed portfolio. Under U.S. GAAP portfolio layer method basis adjustments are not allocated to individual securities, however the amounts impact the unrealized gains or losses in the table for the types of securities being hedged. Refer to Note 1 and Note 5 for additional information.

(b)The Firm purchased $4.7 billion, $4.1 billion and $33.7 billion of HTM securities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(c)Effective January 1, 2023, the Firm adopted the portfolio layer method hedge accounting guidance which permitted a transfer of HTM securities to AFS upon adoption. The Firm transferred obligations of U.S. states and municipalities with a carrying value of $7.1 billion resulting in the recognition of $38 million net pre-tax unrealized losses in AOCI. This transfer was a non-cash transaction. Refer to Note 24 for additional information.

(d)The amortized cost of investment securities is reported net of allowance for credit losses of $152 million, $128 million and $96 million at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(e)Excludes $3.7 billion and $2.8 billion of accrued interest receivable at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, included in accrued interest and accounts receivable on the Consolidated balance sheets. The Firm generally does not recognize an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable, consistent with its policy to write them off no later than 90 days past due by reversing interest income. The Firm did not reverse through interest income any accrued interest receivable for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

At December 31, 2024, the investment securities portfolio consisted of debt securities with an average credit rating of AA+ (based upon external ratings where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings). Risk ratings are used to identify the credit quality of securities and differentiate risk within the portfolio. The Firm’s internal risk ratings generally align with the qualitative characteristics (e.g., borrower capacity to meet financial commitments and vulnerability to changes in the economic environment) defined by S&P and

Moody’s, however the quantitative characteristics (e.g., probability of default (“PD”) and loss given default (“LGD”)) may differ as they reflect internal historical experiences and assumptions. Risk ratings are assigned at acquisition, reviewed on a regular and ongoing basis by Credit Risk Management and adjusted as necessary over the life of the investment for updated information affecting the issuer’s ability to fulfill its obligations.

AFS securities impairment

The following tables present the fair value and gross unrealized losses by aging category for AFS securities at December 31, 2024 and 2023. The tables exclude U.S. Treasury and government agency securities and U.S. GSE and government agency MBS with unrealized losses of $5.3 billion and $4.6 billion, at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively; changes in the value of these securities are generally driven by changes in interest rates rather than changes in their credit profile given the explicit or implicit guarantees provided by the U.S. government.


	Available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more
Year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		Total fair value		Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential:
U.S.	$	1,505	$	6	$	925	$	44	$	2,430	$	50
Non-U.S.	—		—		30		—		30		—
Commercial	763		8		1,184		62		1,947		70
Total mortgage-backed securities	2,268		14		2,139		106		4,407		120
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	10,037		233		2,412		301		12,449		534
Non-U.S. government debt securities	14,234		234		4,184		270		18,418		504
Corporate debt securities	9		—		30		1		39		1
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	2		—		375		3		377		3
Other	214		1		200		8		414		9
Total available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses	$	26,764	$	482	$	9,340	$	689	$	36,104	$	1,171


	Available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more
Year ended December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		Total fair value		Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential:
U.S.	$	81	$	—	$	1,160	$	68	$	1,241	$	68
Non-U.S.	—		—		722		1		722		1
Commercial	228		3		1,775		136		2,003		139
Total mortgage-backed securities	309		3		3,657		205		3,966		208
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	2,134		20		2,278		246		4,412		266
Non-U.S. government debt securities	7,145		23		4,987		336		12,132		359
Corporate debt securities	9		—		79		28		88		28
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	932		2		3,744		26		4,676		28
Other	208		1		1,288		25		1,496		26
Total available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses	$	10,737	$	49	$	16,033	$	866	$	26,770	$	915

AFS securities are considered impaired if the fair value is less than the amortized cost.

The Firm recognizes impairment losses in earnings if the Firm has the intent to sell the debt security, or if it is more likely than not that the Firm will be required to sell the debt security before recovery of its amortized cost. In these circumstances the impairment loss is recognized in investment securities gains/(losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and is equal to the full difference between the amortized cost (net of allowance if applicable) and the fair value of the security.

For impaired debt securities that the Firm has the intent and ability to hold, the securities are evaluated to determine if a credit loss exists. If it is determined that a credit loss exists, that loss is recognized as an allowance for credit losses through the provision for credit losses in the Consolidated Statements of Income, limited by the amount of impairment. Any impairment on debt securities that the Firm has the intent and ability to hold not due to credit losses is recorded in OCI.

Factors considered in evaluating credit losses include adverse conditions specifically related to the industry, geographic area or financial condition of the issuer or underlying collateral of a security; and payment structure of the security.

When assessing securities issued in a securitization for credit losses, the Firm estimates cash flows considering relevant market and economic data, underlying loan-level data, and structural features of the securitization, such as subordination, excess spread, overcollateralization or other forms of credit enhancement, and compares the losses projected for the underlying collateral (“pool losses”) against the level of credit enhancement in the securitization structure to determine whether these features are sufficient to absorb the pool losses, or whether a credit loss exists.

For beneficial interests in securitizations that are rated below “AA” at their acquisition, or that can be contractually prepaid or otherwise settled in such a way that the Firm would not recover substantially all of its recorded investment, the Firm evaluates impairment for credit losses when there is an adverse change in expected cash flows.

HTM securities – credit risk

Allowance for credit losses

The allowance for credit losses on HTM securities represents expected credit losses over the remaining expected life of the securities.

The allowance for credit losses on HTM obligations of U.S. states and municipalities and commercial mortgage-backed securities is calculated by applying statistical credit loss factors (estimated PD and LGD)

to the amortized cost. The credit loss factors are derived using a weighted average of five internally developed eight-quarter macroeconomic scenarios, followed by a single year straight-line interpolation to revert to long run historical information for periods beyond the forecast period. Refer to Note 13 for further information on the eight-quarter macroeconomic forecast.

The allowance for credit losses on HTM collateralized loan obligations and U.S. residential mortgage-backed securities is calculated as the difference between the amortized cost and the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected, discounted at the security’s effective interest rate. These cash flow estimates are developed based on expectations of underlying collateral performance derived using the eight-quarter macroeconomic forecast and the single year straight-line interpolation, as well as considering the structural features of the security.

The application of different inputs and assumptions into the calculation of the allowance for credit losses is subject to significant management judgment, and emphasizing one input or assumption over another, or considering other inputs or assumptions, could affect the estimate of the allowance for credit losses on HTM securities.

Credit quality indicator

The primary credit quality indicator for HTM securities is the risk rating assigned to each security. At both December 31, 2024 and 2023, all HTM securities were rated investment grade and were current and accruing, with approximately 99% rated at least AA+ (based upon external ratings where available, and where not available, based primarily upon internal risk ratings).

Allowance for credit losses on investment securities

The allowance for credit losses on investment securities was $152 million, $128 million and $96 million as of December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which included a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings related to the transfer of HTM securities to AFS for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Selected impacts of investment securities on the Consolidated statements of income


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Realized gains	$	593	$	622	$	198
Realized losses	(1,614)		(3,802)		(2,578)
Investment securities losses	$	(1,021)	$	(3,180)	$	(2,380)
Provision for credit losses	$	24	$	38	$	54

Contractual maturities and yields

The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value at December 31, 2024, of JPMorganChase’s investment securities portfolio by contractual maturity.


By remaining maturity December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Due in one year or less			Due after one year through five years			Due after five years through 10 years			Due after 10 years(c)			Total
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost	$	132		$	9,410		$	4,059		$	91,027		$	104,628
Fair value	130			9,345			4,041			87,253			100,769
Average yield(a)	3.32		%	4.58		%	5.25		%	4.75		%	4.75		%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Amortized cost	$	20,685		$	169,162		$	38,667		$	6,981		$	235,495
Fair value	20,730			169,145			38,619			6,285			234,779
Average yield(a)	4.50		%	4.57		%	4.96		%	5.53		%	4.65		%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Amortized cost	$	4		$	16		$	92		$	18,225		$	18,337
Fair value	4			16			90			17,803			17,913
Average yield(a)	1.59		%	3.95		%	4.46		%	5.32		%	5.32		%
Non-U.S. government debt securities
Amortized cost	$	13,331		$	11,769		$	7,609		$	3,946		$	36,655
Fair value	13,327			11,701			7,403			3,814			36,245
Average yield(a)	4.24		%	4.32		%	2.82		%	4.15		%	3.96		%
Corporate debt securities
Amortized cost	$	106		$	9		$	5		$	—		$	120
Fair value	57			9			4			—			70
Average yield(a)	14.09		%	4.06		%	4.19		%	—		%	12.92		%
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost	$	—		$	368		$	1,609		$	15,035		$	17,012
Fair value	—			370			1,619			15,087			17,076
Average yield(a)	—		%	6.14		%	6.04		%	5.96		%	5.97		%
Total available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost(b)	$	34,258		$	190,734		$	52,041		$	135,214		$	412,247
Fair value	34,248			190,586			51,776			130,242			406,852
Average yield(a)	4.42		%	4.56		%	4.70		%	4.98		%	4.70		%
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost	$	104		$	7,994		$	6,077		$	100,495		$	114,670
Fair value	101			7,453			5,352			86,903			99,809
Average yield(a)	0.97		%	2.63		%	2.67		%	2.95		%	2.92		%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Amortized cost	$	20,083		$	40,497		$	48,052		$	—		$	108,632
Fair value	19,500			37,715			40,205			—			97,420
Average yield(a)	0.43		%	1.23		%	1.25		%	—		%	1.09		%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Amortized cost	$	—		$	9		$	307		$	9,026		$	9,342
Fair value	—			9			276			8,426			8,711
Average yield(a)	—		%	4.76		%	3.25		%	3.97		%	3.95		%
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost	$	—		$	134		$	22,433		$	19,360		$	41,927
Fair value	—			134			22,466			19,360			41,960
Average yield(a)	—		%	5.94		%	5.57		%	5.73		%	5.65		%
Total held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost(b)	$	20,187		$	48,634		$	76,869		$	128,881		$	274,571
Fair value	19,601			45,311			68,299			114,689			247,900
Average yield(a)	0.43		%	1.47		%	2.63		%	3.44		%	2.64		%

(a)Average yield is computed using the effective yield of each security owned at the end of the period, weighted based on the amortized cost of each security. The effective yield considers the contractual coupon, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts, and the effect of related hedging derivatives, including closed portfolio hedges. Taxable-equivalent amounts are used where applicable. The effective yield excludes unscheduled principal prepayments; and accordingly, actual maturities of securities may differ from their contractual or expected maturities as certain securities may be prepaid. However, for certain callable debt securities, the average yield is calculated to the earliest call date.

(b)For purposes of this table, the amortized cost of available-for-sale securities excludes the allowance for credit losses of $49 million and the portfolio layer fair value hedge basis adjustments of $(1.2) billion at December 31, 2024. The amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities also excludes the allowance for credit losses of $103 million at December 31, 2024.

(c)Substantially all of the Firm’s U.S. residential MBS and collateralized mortgage obligations are due in 10 years or more, based on contractual maturity. The estimated weighted-average life, which reflects anticipated future prepayments, is approximately eight years for agency residential MBS, six years for agency residential collateralized mortgage obligations, and five years for nonagency residential collateralized mortgage obligations.

Noninterest Revenue and Noninterest Expense - Noninterest Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended			12 Months Ended
	Jun. 30, 2024	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Noninterest Income (Expense) [Abstract]
Legal expense				$ 740	$ 1,436	$ 266
FDIC-related expense				1,893	4,203	860
Operating losses				1,417	1,228	1,101
Contribution of Visa shares	$ 1,000			1,000	0	0
First Republic-related expense				777	1,060	$ 0
Restructuring and integration related costs				$ 488	$ 360
FDIC special assessment		$ 725	$ 2,900

Derivative Instruments

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]

Derivative Instruments

Derivative instruments

Derivative contracts derive their value from underlying asset prices, indices, reference rates, other inputs or a combination of these factors and may expose counterparties to risks and rewards of an underlying asset or liability without having to initially invest in, own or exchange the asset or liability. JPMorganChase makes markets in derivatives for clients and also uses derivatives to hedge or manage its own risk exposures. Predominantly all of the Firm’s derivatives are entered into for market-making or risk management purposes.

Market-making derivatives

The majority of the Firm’s derivatives are entered into for market-making purposes. Clients use derivatives to mitigate or modify interest rate, credit, foreign exchange, equity and commodity risks. The Firm actively manages the risks from its exposure to these derivatives by entering into other derivative contracts or by purchasing or selling other financial instruments that partially or fully offset the exposure from client derivatives.

Risk management derivatives

The Firm manages certain market and credit risk exposures using derivative instruments, including derivatives in hedge accounting relationships and other derivatives that are used to manage risks associated with specified assets and liabilities.

The Firm generally uses interest rate derivatives to manage the risk associated with changes in interest rates. Fixed-rate assets and liabilities appreciate or depreciate in market value as interest rates change. Similarly, interest income and expense increase or decrease as a result of variable-rate assets and liabilities resetting to current market rates, and as a result of the repayment and subsequent origination or issuance of fixed-rate assets and liabilities at current market rates. Gains and losses on the derivative instruments related to these assets and liabilities are expected to substantially offset this variability.

Foreign currency derivatives are used to manage the foreign exchange risk associated with certain foreign currency–denominated (i.e., non-U.S. dollar) assets and liabilities and forecasted transactions, as well as the Firm’s net investments in certain non-U.S. subsidiaries or branches whose functional currencies are not the U.S. dollar. As a result of fluctuations in foreign currencies, the U.S. dollar–equivalent values of the foreign currency–denominated assets and liabilities or the forecasted revenues or expenses increase or decrease. Gains or losses on the derivative instruments related to these foreign currency–denominated assets or liabilities, or forecasted transactions, are expected to substantially offset this variability.

Commodities derivatives are used to manage the price risk of certain commodities inventories. Gains or losses on these derivative instruments are expected to

substantially offset the depreciation or appreciation of the related inventory.

Credit derivatives are used to manage the counterparty credit risk associated with loans and lending-related commitments. Credit derivatives compensate the purchaser when the entity referenced in the contract experiences a credit event, such as bankruptcy or a failure to pay an obligation when due. Credit derivatives primarily consist of CDS. Refer to the Credit derivatives section on pages 222–224 of this Note for a further discussion of credit derivatives.

Refer to the risk management derivatives gains and losses table on page 221 and the hedge accounting gains and losses tables on pages 218–221 of this Note for more information about risk management derivatives.

Derivative counterparties and settlement types

The Firm enters into OTC derivatives, which are negotiated and settled bilaterally with the derivative counterparty. The Firm also enters into, as principal, certain ETD such as futures and options, and OTC-cleared derivative contracts with CCPs. ETD contracts are generally standardized contracts traded on an exchange and cleared by the CCP, which is the Firm’s counterparty from the inception of the transactions. OTC-cleared derivatives are traded on a bilateral basis and then novated to the CCP for clearing.

Derivative clearing services

The Firm provides clearing services for clients in which the Firm acts as a clearing member at certain exchanges and clearing houses. The Firm does not reflect the clients’ derivative contracts in its Consolidated Financial Statements. Refer to Note 28 for further information on the Firm’s clearing services.

Accounting for derivatives

All free-standing derivatives that the Firm executes for its own account are required to be recorded on the Consolidated balance sheets at fair value.

As permitted under U.S. GAAP, the Firm nets derivative assets and liabilities, and the related cash collateral receivables and payables, when a legally enforceable master netting agreement exists between the Firm and the derivative counterparty. Refer to Note 1 for further discussion of the offsetting of assets and liabilities. The accounting for changes in value of a derivative depends on whether or not the transaction has been designated and qualifies for hedge accounting. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges are reported and measured at fair value through earnings. The tabular disclosures on pages 213–221 of this Note provide additional information on the amount of, and reporting for, derivative assets, liabilities, gains and losses. Refer to Notes 2 and 3 for a further discussion of derivatives embedded in structured notes.

Derivatives designated as hedges

The Firm applies hedge accounting to certain derivatives executed for risk management purposes – generally interest rate, foreign exchange and commodity derivatives. However, JPMorganChase does not seek to apply hedge accounting to all of the derivatives associated with the Firm’s risk management activities. For example, the Firm does not apply hedge accounting to purchased CDS used to manage the credit risk of loans and lending-related commitments, because of the difficulties in qualifying such contracts as hedges. For the same reason, the Firm does not apply hedge accounting to certain interest rate, foreign exchange, and commodity derivatives used for risk management purposes.

To qualify for hedge accounting, a derivative must be highly effective at reducing the risk associated with the exposure being hedged. In addition, for a derivative to be designated as a hedge, the risk management objective and strategy must be documented. Hedge documentation must identify the derivative hedging instrument, the asset or liability or forecasted transaction and type of risk to be hedged, and how the effectiveness of the derivative is assessed prospectively and retrospectively. To assess effectiveness, the Firm uses statistical methods such as regression analysis, nonstatistical methods such as dollar-value comparisons of the change in the fair value of the derivative to the change in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item, and qualitative comparisons of critical terms and the evaluation of any changes in those terms. The extent to which a derivative has been, and is expected to continue to be, highly effective at offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item must be assessed and documented at least quarterly. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective at hedging the designated exposure, hedge accounting is discontinued.

There are three types of hedge accounting designations: fair value hedges, cash flow hedges and net investment hedges. JPMorganChase uses fair value hedges primarily to hedge fixed-rate long-term debt, AFS securities and certain commodities inventories. For qualifying fair value hedges, the changes in the fair value of the derivative, and in the value of the hedged item for the risk being hedged, are recognized in earnings. Certain amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recorded in OCI and recognized in earnings over the life of the derivative. If the hedge relationship is terminated, then the adjustment to the hedged item continues to be reported as part of the basis of the hedged item and, for interest-bearing financial instruments, is amortized to earnings as a yield adjustment. Derivative amounts affecting earnings are recognized consistent with the classification of the hedged item – primarily net interest income and principal transactions revenue.

The Firm employs the portfolio layer method to manage the interest rate risk of portfolios of fixed-rate assets. Throughout the life of the open hedge, basis adjustments are maintained at the portfolio level and are only allocated to individual assets under certain circumstances. These include instances where the portfolio amount falls below the hedged layer amounts, or in cases of voluntary de-designation.

JPMorganChase uses cash flow hedges primarily to hedge the exposure to variability in forecasted cash flows from floating-rate assets and liabilities and foreign currency–denominated revenue and expense. For qualifying cash flow hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded in OCI and recognized in earnings as the hedged item affects earnings. Derivative amounts affecting earnings are recognized consistent with the classification of the hedged item – primarily noninterest revenue, net interest income and compensation expense. If the hedge relationship is terminated, then the change in value of the derivative recorded in AOCI is recognized in earnings when the cash flows that were hedged affect earnings. For hedge relationships that are discontinued because a forecasted transaction is expected to not occur according to the original hedge forecast, any related derivative values recorded in AOCI are immediately recognized in earnings.

JPMorganChase uses net investment hedges to protect the value of the Firm’s net investments in certain non-U.S. subsidiaries or branches whose functional currencies are not the U.S. dollar. For qualifying net investment hedges, changes in the fair value of the derivatives due to changes in spot foreign exchange rates are recorded in OCI as translation adjustments. Amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recorded directly in earnings.

The following table outlines the Firm’s primary uses of derivatives and the related hedge accounting designation or disclosure category.

Type of Derivative

Use of Derivative

Designation and disclosure

Affected segment or unit

Page reference

Manage specifically identified risk exposures in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:

•Interest rate

Hedge fixed rate assets and liabilities

Fair value hedge

Corporate

218-219

•Interest rate

Hedge floating-rate assets and liabilities

Cash flow hedge

Corporate

220

•Foreign exchange

Hedge foreign currency-denominated assets and liabilities

Fair value hedge

Corporate

218-219

•Foreign exchange

Hedge foreign currency-denominated forecasted revenue and expense

Cash flow hedge

Corporate

220

•Foreign exchange

Hedge the value of the Firm’s investments in non-U.S. dollar functional currency entities

Net investment hedge

Corporate

221

•Commodity

Hedge commodity inventory

Fair value hedge

CIB, AWM

218-219

Manage specifically identified risk exposures not designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships:

•Interest rate

Manage the risk associated with mortgage commitments, warehouse loans and MSRs

Specified risk management

CCB

221

•Credit

Manage the credit risk associated with wholesale lending exposures

Specified risk management

CIB, AWM

221

•Interest rate and foreign exchange

Manage the risk associated with certain other specified assets and liabilities

Specified risk management

Corporate, CIB

221

Market-making derivatives and other activities:

•Various

Market-making and related risk management

Market-making and other

CIB

221

•Various

Other derivatives

Market-making and other

CIB, AWM, Corporate

221

Notional amount of derivative contracts

The following table summarizes the notional amount of free-standing derivative contracts outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.


	Notional amounts(b)
December 31, (in billions)	2024		2023
Interest rate contracts
Swaps	$	20,437	$	23,251
Futures and forwards	3,067		2,690
Written options	3,067		3,370
Purchased options	3,089		3,362
Total interest rate contracts	29,660		32,673
Credit derivatives(a)	1,191		1,045
Foreign exchange contracts
Cross-currency swaps	4,509		4,721
Spot, futures and forwards	7,005		6,957
Written options	1,015		830
Purchased options	984		798
Total foreign exchange contracts	13,513		13,306
Equity contracts
Swaps	850		639
Futures and forwards	206		157
Written options	914		778
Purchased options	788		698
Total equity contracts	2,758		2,272
Commodity contracts
Swaps	148		115
Spot, futures and forwards	191		157
Written options	137		130
Purchased options	125		115
Total commodity contracts	601		517
Total derivative notional amounts	$	47,723	$	49,813

(a)Refer to the Credit derivatives discussion on pages 222–224 for more information on volumes and types of credit derivative contracts.

(b)Represents the sum of gross long and gross short third-party notional derivative contracts.

While the notional amounts disclosed above give an indication of the volume of the Firm’s derivatives activity, the notional amounts significantly exceed, in the Firm’s view, the possible losses that could arise from such transactions. For most derivative contracts, the notional amount is not exchanged; it is simply a reference amount used to calculate payments.

Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated balance sheets


Free-standing derivative receivables and payables(a)
	Gross derivative receivables								Gross derivative payables
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Not designated as hedges		Designated as hedges		Total derivative receivables		Net derivative receivables(b)		Not designated as hedges		Designated as hedges		Total derivative payables		Net derivative payables(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate	$	290,734	$	—	$	290,734	$	24,945	$	274,226	$	2	$	274,228	$	9,239
Credit	11,087		—		11,087		814		13,796		—		13,796		1,898
Foreign exchange	261,035		1,885		262,920		25,312		253,289		1,278		254,567		15,597
Equity	85,220		—		85,220		5,285		96,139		—		96,139		8,648
Commodity	15,490		136		15,626		4,611		14,415		73		14,488		4,279
Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities	$	663,566	$	2,021	$	665,587	$	60,967	$	651,865	$	1,353	$	653,218	$	39,661

	Gross derivative receivables								Gross derivative payables
December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Not designated as hedges		Designated as hedges		Total derivative receivables		Net derivative receivables(b)		Not designated as hedges		Designated as hedges		Total derivative payables		Net derivative payables(b)
Trading assets and liabilities
Interest rate	$	250,689	$	2	$	250,691	$	26,324	$	240,482	$	—	$	240,482	$	11,896
Credit	9,654		—		9,654		551		12,038		—		12,038		1,089
Foreign exchange	205,010		765		205,775		18,019		210,623		1,640		212,263		12,620
Equity	57,689		—		57,689		4,928		65,811		—		65,811		9,368
Commodity	15,228		211		15,439		5,042		16,286		92		16,378		5,874
Total fair value of trading assets and liabilities	$	538,270	$	978	$	539,248	$	54,864	$	545,240	$	1,732	$	546,972	$	40,847

(a)Balances exclude structured notes for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 3 for further information.

Derivatives netting

•the amount of collateral held or transferred that exceeds the fair value exposure at the individual counterparty level, as of the date presented, which is excluded from the tables; and


	2024							2023
December 31, (in millions)	Gross derivative receivables		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets		Net derivative receivables			Gross derivative receivables		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets		Net derivative receivables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative receivables
Interest rate contracts:
OTC	$	158,202	$	(134,791)	$	23,411		$	176,901	$	(152,703)	$	24,198
OTC–cleared	130,989		(130,810)		179			71,419		(71,275)		144
Exchange-traded(a)	190		(188)		2			402		(389)		13
Total interest rate contracts	289,381		(265,789)		23,592			248,722		(224,367)		24,355
Credit contracts:
OTC	8,680		(8,030)		650			7,637		(7,226)		411
OTC–cleared	2,267		(2,243)		24			1,904		(1,877)		27
Total credit contracts	10,947		(10,273)		674			9,541		(9,103)		438
Foreign exchange contracts:
OTC	259,608		(236,931)		22,677			203,624		(187,295)		16,329
OTC–cleared	685		(677)		8			469		(459)		10
Exchange-traded(a)	34		—		34			6		(2)		4
Total foreign exchange contracts	260,327		(237,608)		22,719			204,099		(187,756)		16,343
Equity contracts:
OTC	33,269		(30,742)		2,527			25,001		(23,677)		1,324
Exchange-traded(a)	51,040		(49,193)		1,847			30,462		(29,084)		1,378
Total equity contracts	84,309		(79,935)		4,374			55,463		(52,761)		2,702
Commodity contracts:
OTC	8,340		(5,848)		2,492			8,049		(5,084)		2,965
OTC–cleared	126		(84)		42			133		(123)		10
Exchange-traded(a)	5,179		(5,083)		96			5,214		(5,190)		24
Total commodity contracts	13,645		(11,015)		2,630			13,396		(10,397)		2,999
Derivative receivables with appropriate legal opinion	658,609		(604,620)		53,989		(d)	531,221		(484,384)		46,837		(d)
Derivative receivables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained	6,978				6,978			8,027				8,027
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets	$	665,587			$	60,967		$	539,248			$	54,864
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)(c)					(28,160)							(22,461)
Net amounts					$	32,807						$	32,403


	2024							2023
December 31, (in millions)	Gross derivative payables		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets		Net derivative payables			Gross derivative payables		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets		Net derivative payables
U.S. GAAP nettable derivative payables
Interest rate contracts:
OTC	$	138,215	$	(130,375)	$	7,840		$	161,901	$	(152,467)	$	9,434
OTC–cleared	134,555		(134,262)		293			76,007		(75,729)		278
Exchange-traded(a)	363		(352)		11			436		(390)		46
Total interest rate contracts	273,133		(264,989)		8,144			238,344		(228,586)		9,758
Credit contracts:
OTC	11,381		(10,133)		1,248			10,332		(9,313)		1,019
OTC–cleared	1,779		(1,765)		14			1,639		(1,636)		3
Total credit contracts	13,160		(11,898)		1,262			11,971		(10,949)		1,022
Foreign exchange contracts:
OTC	251,860		(238,292)		13,568			209,386		(199,173)		10,213
OTC–cleared	772		(678)		94			552		(470)		82
Exchange-traded(a)	14		—		14			6		—		6
Total foreign exchange contracts	252,646		(238,970)		13,676			209,944		(199,643)		10,301
Equity contracts:
OTC	44,394		(38,298)		6,096			29,999		(27,360)		2,639
Exchange-traded(a)	49,578		(49,193)		385			33,137		(29,083)		4,054
Total equity contracts	93,972		(87,491)		6,481			63,136		(56,443)		6,693
Commodity contracts:
OTC	6,918		(5,206)		1,712			8,788		(5,192)		3,596
OTC–cleared	84		(84)		—			120		(120)		—
Exchange-traded(a)	5,182		(4,919)		263			5,376		(5,192)		184
Total commodity contracts	12,184		(10,209)		1,975			14,284		(10,504)		3,780
Derivative payables with appropriate legal opinion	645,095		(613,557)		31,538		(d)	537,679		(506,125)		31,554		(d)
Derivative payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained	8,123				8,123			9,293				9,293
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets	$	653,218			$	39,661		$	546,972			$	40,847
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)(c)					(10,163)							(4,547)
Net amounts					$	29,498						$	36,300

(a)Exchange-traded derivative balances that relate to futures contracts are settled daily.

(c)Derivative collateral relates only to OTC and OTC-cleared derivative instruments.

Liquidity risk and credit-related contingent features

In addition to the specific market risks introduced by each derivative contract type, derivatives expose JPMorganChase to credit risk — the risk that derivative counterparties may fail to meet their payment obligations under the derivative contracts and the collateral, if any, held by the Firm proves to be of insufficient value to cover the payment obligation. It is the policy of JPMorganChase to actively pursue, where possible, the use of legally enforceable master netting arrangements and collateral agreements to mitigate derivative counterparty credit risk inherent in derivative receivables.

While derivative receivables expose the Firm to credit risk, derivative payables expose the Firm to liquidity risk, as the derivative contracts typically require the Firm to post cash or securities collateral with counterparties as the fair value of the contracts moves in the counterparties’ favor or upon specified downgrades in the Firm’s and its subsidiaries’ respective credit ratings. Certain derivative contracts also provide for termination of the contract, generally upon a downgrade of either the Firm or the counterparty, at the fair value of the derivative contracts. The following table shows the aggregate fair value of net derivative payables related to OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives that contain contingent collateral or termination features that may be triggered upon a ratings downgrade, and the associated collateral the Firm has posted in the normal course of business, at December 31, 2024 and 2023.


OTC and OTC-cleared derivative payables containing downgrade triggers
(in millions)	December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Aggregate fair value of net derivative payables		$	15,371		$	14,655
Collateral posted		15,204			14,673


Liquidity impact of downgrade triggers on OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives
	December 31, 2024				December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Single-notch downgrade		Two-notch downgrade		Single-notch downgrade		Two-notch downgrade
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade(a)	$	119	$	1,205	$	75	$	1,153
Amount required to settle contracts with termination triggers upon downgrade(b)	78		458		93		592

(a)Includes the additional collateral to be posted for initial margin.

(b)Amounts represent fair values of derivative payables, and do not reflect collateral posted.

Derivatives executed in contemplation of a sale of the underlying financial asset

In certain instances the Firm enters into transactions in which it transfers financial assets but maintains the economic exposure to the transferred assets by entering into a derivative with the same counterparty in contemplation of the initial transfer. The Firm generally accounts for such transfers as collateralized financing transactions as described in Note 11, but in limited circumstances they may qualify to be accounted for as a sale and a derivative under U.S. GAAP. The amount of such transfers accounted for as a sale where the associated derivative was outstanding was not material at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Impact of derivatives on the Consolidated statements of income

The following tables provide information related to gains and losses recorded on derivatives based on their hedge accounting designation or purpose.

Fair value hedge gains and losses


	Gains/(losses) recorded in income						Income statement impact of excluded components(e)				OCI impact
Year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Derivatives		Hedged items		Income statement impact		Amortization approach		Changes in fair value		Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)	$	711	$	(65)	$	646	$	—	$	699	$	—
Foreign exchange(c)	(177)		402		225		(532)		225		(115)
Commodity(d)	293		(160)		133		—		122		—
Total	$	827	$	177	$	1,004	$	(532)	$	1,046	$	(115)

	Gains/(losses) recorded in income						Income statement impact of excluded components(e)				OCI impact
Year ended December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Derivatives		Hedged items		Income statement impact		Amortization approach		Changes in fair value		Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)	$	1,554	$	(1,248)	$	306	$	—	$	157	$	—
Foreign exchange(c)	722		(483)		239		(601)		239		(134)
Commodity(d)	1,227		(706)		521		—		525		—
Total	$	3,503	$	(2,437)	$	1,066	$	(601)	$	921	$	(134)

	Gains/(losses) recorded in income						Income statement impact of excluded components(e)				OCI impact
Year ended December 31, 2022 (in millions)	Derivatives		Hedged items		Income statement impact		Amortization approach		Changes in fair value		Derivatives - Gains/(losses) recorded in OCI(f)
Contract type
Interest rate(a)(b)	$	(14,352)	$	14,047	$	(305)	$	—	$	(262)	$	—
Foreign exchange(c)	(1,317)		1,423		106		(528)		106		130
Commodity(d)	106		(70)		36		—		48		—
Total	$	(15,563)	$	15,400	$	(163)	$	(528)	$	(108)	$	130


	Carrying amount of the hedged items(a)(b)			Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items: (d)
December 31, 2024 (in millions)				Active hedging relationships		Discontinued hedging relationships(e)		Total
Assets
Investment securities - AFS	$	203,141	(c)	$	(1,675)	$	(1,959)	$	(3,634)
Liabilities
Long-term debt	$	211,288		$	(3,711)	$	(9,332)	$	(13,043)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	$	5,312		$	(30)	$	(5)	$	(35)

	Carrying amount of the hedged items(a)(b)			Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments included in the carrying amount of hedged items: (d)
December 31, 2023 (in millions)				Active hedging relationships		Discontinued hedging relationships(e)		Total
Assets
Investment securities - AFS	$	151,752	(c)	$	549	$	(2,010)	$	(1,461)
Liabilities
Long-term debt	$	195,455		$	(2,042)	$	(9,727)	$	(11,769)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	$	—		$	—	$	—	$	—

(e)Represents basis adjustments existing on the balance sheet date associated with hedged items that have been de-designated from qualifying fair value hedging relationships.

Cash flow hedge gains and losses


	Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income			Amounts recorded in OCI			Total change in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)		$	(2,668)		$	(3,603)		$	(935)
Foreign exchange(b)		89			(139)			(228)
Total		$	(2,579)		$	(3,742)		$	(1,163)


	Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Year ended December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income			Amounts recorded in OCI			Total change in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)		$	(1,839)		$	274		$	2,113
Foreign exchange(b)		64			209			145
Total		$	(1,775)		$	483		$	2,258

	Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Year ended December 31, 2022 (in millions)	Amounts reclassified from AOCI to income			Amounts recorded in OCI			Total change in OCI for period
Contract type
Interest rate(a)		$	(153)		$	(7,131)		$	(6,978)
Foreign exchange(b)		(267)			(342)			(75)
Total		$	(420)		$	(7,473)		$	(7,053)

(a)Primarily consists of hedges of SOFR-indexed floating-rate assets. Gains and losses were recorded in net interest income.

The Firm did not experience any forecasted transactions that failed to occur for the years ended 2024, 2023 and 2022.

Over the next 12 months, the Firm expects that approximately $(1.6) billion (after-tax) of net losses recorded in AOCI at December 31, 2024, related to cash flow hedges will be recognized in income. For cash flow hedges that have been terminated, the maximum length of time over which the derivative results recorded in AOCI will be recognized in earnings is approximately seven years, corresponding to the timing of the originally hedged forecasted cash flows. For open cash flow hedges, the maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is approximately seven years. The Firm’s longer-dated forecasted transactions relate to core lending and borrowing activities.

Net investment hedge gains and losses


	2024		2023		2022
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Amounts recorded in income(a)(b)	Amounts recorded in OCI	Amounts recorded in income(a)(b)	Amounts recorded in OCI	Amounts recorded in income(a)(b)	Amounts recorded in OCI
Foreign exchange derivatives	$467	$4,411	$384	$(1,732)	$(123)	$3,591

Gains and losses on derivatives used for specified risk management purposes


	Derivatives gains/(losses) recorded in income
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Contract type
Interest rate(a)	$	(425)	$	(135)	$	(827)
Credit(b)	(604)		(441)		51
Foreign exchange(c)	(10)		(2)		(48)
Total	$	(1,039)	$	(578)	$	(824)

Gains and losses on derivatives related to market-making activities and other derivatives

The Firm makes markets in derivatives in order to meet the needs of customers and uses derivatives to manage certain risks associated with net open risk positions from its market-making activities, including the counterparty credit risk arising from derivative receivables. All derivatives not included in the hedge accounting or specified risk management categories above are included in this category. Gains and losses on these derivatives are primarily recorded in principal transactions revenue. Refer to Note 6 for information on principal transactions revenue.

Credit derivatives

Credit derivatives are financial instruments whose value is derived from the credit risk associated with the debt of a third-party issuer (the reference entity) and which allow one party (the protection purchaser) to transfer that risk to another party (the protection seller). Credit derivatives expose the protection purchaser to the creditworthiness of the protection seller, as the protection seller is required to make payments under the contract when the reference entity experiences a credit event, such as a bankruptcy, a failure to pay its obligation or a restructuring. The seller of credit protection receives a premium for providing protection but has the risk that the underlying instrument referenced in the contract will be subject to a credit event.

The Firm is both a purchaser and seller of protection in the credit derivatives market and uses these derivatives for two primary purposes. First, in its capacity as a market-maker, the Firm actively manages a portfolio of credit derivatives by purchasing and selling credit protection, predominantly on corporate debt obligations, to meet the needs of customers. Second, as an end-user, the Firm uses credit derivatives to manage credit risk associated with lending exposures (loans and unfunded commitments) in its wholesale and consumer businesses and derivatives counterparty exposures in its wholesale businesses, and to manage the credit risk arising from certain financial instruments in the Firm’s market-making businesses. Following is a summary of various types of credit derivatives.

Credit default swaps

Credit derivatives may reference the credit of either a single reference entity (“single-name”), broad-based index or portfolio. The Firm purchases and sells protection on both single- name and index-reference obligations. Single-name CDS and index CDS contracts are either OTC or OTC-cleared derivative contracts. Single-name CDS are used to manage the default risk of a single reference entity, while index CDS contracts are used to manage the credit risk associated with the broader credit markets or credit market segments. Like the S&P 500 and other market indices, a CDS index consists of a portfolio of CDS across many reference entities. New series of CDS indices are periodically established with a new underlying portfolio of reference entities to reflect changes in the credit markets. If one of the reference entities in the index experiences a credit event, then the reference entity that defaulted is removed from the index. CDS can also be referenced against specific portfolios of reference names or against customized exposure levels: for example, to provide protection against the first $1 million of realized credit losses in a

$10 million portfolio of exposure. Such structures are commonly known as tranche CDS.

For both single-name CDS contracts and index CDS contracts, upon the occurrence of a credit event, under the terms of a CDS contract neither party to the CDS contract has recourse to the reference entity. The protection purchaser has recourse to the protection seller for the difference between the face value of the CDS contract and the fair value of the reference obligation at settlement of the credit derivative contract, also known as the recovery value. The protection purchaser does not need to hold the debt instrument of the underlying reference entity in order to receive amounts due under the CDS contract when a credit event occurs.

Credit-related notes

A credit-related note is a funded derivative with a credit risk component where the issuer of the credit-related note purchases from the note investor credit protection on a reference entity or an index. Under the contract, the investor pays the issuer the par value of the note at the inception of the transaction, and in return, the issuer makes periodic payments to the investor, based on the credit risk of the referenced entity. The issuer also repays the investor the par value of the note at maturity unless the reference entity (or one of the entities that makes up a reference index) experiences a specified credit event. If a credit event occurs, the issuer is not obligated to repay the par value of the note, but rather, the issuer pays the investor the difference between the par value of the note and the fair value of the defaulted reference obligation at the time of settlement. Neither party to the credit-related note has recourse to the defaulting reference entity.

The following tables present a summary of the notional amounts of credit derivatives and credit-related notes the Firm sold and purchased as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. Upon a credit event, the Firm as a seller of protection would typically pay out a percentage of the full notional amount of net protection sold, as the amount actually required to be paid on the contracts takes into account the recovery value of the reference obligation at the time of settlement. The Firm manages the credit risk on contracts to sell protection by purchasing protection with identical or similar underlying reference entities. Other purchased protection referenced in the following tables includes credit derivatives bought on related, but not identical, reference positions (including indices, portfolio coverage and other reference points) as well as protection purchased by CIB through credit-related notes. Other purchased protection also includes credit protection against certain loans in the retained lending portfolio through the issuance of credit derivatives and credit-related notes.

The Firm does not use notional amounts of credit derivatives as the primary measure of risk management for such derivatives, because the notional amount does not take into account the probability of the occurrence of a credit event, the recovery value of the reference obligation, or related cash instruments and economic hedges, each of which reduces, in the Firm’s view, the risks associated with such derivatives.


Total credit derivatives and credit-related notes
	Maximum payout/Notional amount
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Protection sold		Protection purchased with identical underlyings(c)		Net protection (sold)/purchased(d)		Other protection purchased(e)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps	$	(450,184)	$	474,554	$	24,370	$	6,858
Other credit derivatives(a)	(110,913)		137,927		27,014		10,169
Total credit derivatives	(561,097)		612,481		51,384		17,027
Credit-related notes(b)	—		—		—		10,471
Total	$	(561,097)	$	612,481	$	51,384	$	27,498

	Maximum payout/Notional amount
December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Protection sold		Protection purchased with identical underlyings(c)		Net protection (sold)/purchased(d)		Other protection purchased(e)
Credit derivatives
Credit default swaps	$	(450,172)	$	473,823	$	23,651	$	7,517
Other credit derivatives(a)	(38,846)		45,416		6,570		29,206
Total credit derivatives	(489,018)		519,239		30,221		36,723
Credit-related notes(b)	—		—		—		9,788
Total	$	(489,018)	$	519,239	$	30,221	$	46,511

(a)Other credit derivatives predominantly consist of credit swap options and total return swaps.

(b)Predominantly represents Other protection purchased by CIB.


Protection sold – credit derivatives ratings(a)/maturity profile
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	<1 year		1–5 years		>5 years		Total notional amount		Fair value of receivables(b)		Fair value of payables(b)		Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade	$	(135,950)	$	(277,052)	$	(33,379)	$	(446,381)	$	4,593	$	(904)	$	3,689
Noninvestment-grade	(42,149)		(70,525)		(2,042)		(114,716)		1,889		(1,738)		151
Total	$	(178,099)	$	(347,577)	$	(35,421)	$	(561,097)	$	6,482	$	(2,642)	$	3,840


December 31, 2023 (in millions)	<1 year		1–5 years		>5 years		Total notional amount		Fair value of receivables(b)		Fair value of payables(b)		Net fair value
Risk rating of reference entity
Investment-grade	$	(89,981)	$	(263,834)	$	(29,470)	$	(383,285)	$	3,659	$	(1,144)	$	2,515
Noninvestment-grade	(31,419)		(69,515)		(4,799)		(105,733)		2,466		(1,583)		883
Total	$	(121,400)	$	(333,349)	$	(34,269)	$	(489,018)	$	6,125	$	(2,727)	$	3,398

(a)The ratings scale is primarily based on external credit ratings defined by S&P and Moody’s.

(b)Amounts are shown on a gross basis, before the benefit of legally enforceable master netting agreements including cash collateral netting.

Investment Securities - Fair Value and Gross Unrealized Losses by Aging Category (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, Fair value	$ 26,764	$ 10,737
Less than 12 months, Gross unrealized losses	482	49
12 months or more, Fair value	9,340	16,033
12 months or more, Gross unrealized losses	689	866
Total fair value	36,104	26,770
Total gross unrealized losses	1,171	915
Total mortgage-backed securities
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, Fair value	2,268	309
Less than 12 months, Gross unrealized losses	14	3
12 months or more, Fair value	2,139	3,657
12 months or more, Gross unrealized losses	106	205
Total fair value	4,407	3,966
Total gross unrealized losses	120	208
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Available-for-sale securities
Total fair value	5,300	4,600
Residential: U.S.
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, Fair value	1,505	81
Less than 12 months, Gross unrealized losses	6	0
12 months or more, Fair value	925	1,160
12 months or more, Gross unrealized losses	44	68
Total fair value	2,430	1,241
Total gross unrealized losses	50	68
Residential: Non-U.S.
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, Fair value	0	0
Less than 12 months, Gross unrealized losses	0	0
12 months or more, Fair value	30	722
12 months or more, Gross unrealized losses	0	1
Total fair value	30	722
Total gross unrealized losses	0	1
Commercial
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, Fair value	763	228
Less than 12 months, Gross unrealized losses	8	3
12 months or more, Fair value	1,184	1,775
12 months or more, Gross unrealized losses	62	136
Total fair value	1,947	2,003
Total gross unrealized losses	70	139
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, Fair value	10,037	2,134
Less than 12 months, Gross unrealized losses	233	20
12 months or more, Fair value	2,412	2,278
12 months or more, Gross unrealized losses	301	246
Total fair value	12,449	4,412
Total gross unrealized losses	534	266
Non-U.S. government debt securities
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, Fair value	14,234	7,145
Less than 12 months, Gross unrealized losses	234	23
12 months or more, Fair value	4,184	4,987
12 months or more, Gross unrealized losses	270	336
Total fair value	18,418	12,132
Total gross unrealized losses	504	359
Corporate debt securities
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, Fair value	9	9
Less than 12 months, Gross unrealized losses	0	0
12 months or more, Fair value	30	79
12 months or more, Gross unrealized losses	1	28
Total fair value	39	88
Total gross unrealized losses	1	28
Asset-backed securities: Collateralized loan obligations
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, Fair value	2	932
Less than 12 months, Gross unrealized losses	0	2
12 months or more, Fair value	375	3,744
12 months or more, Gross unrealized losses	3	26
Total fair value	377	4,676
Total gross unrealized losses	3	28
Asset-backed securities: Other
Available-for-sale securities
Less than 12 months, Fair value	214	208
Less than 12 months, Gross unrealized losses	1	1
12 months or more, Fair value	200	1,288
12 months or more, Gross unrealized losses	8	25
Total fair value	414	1,496
Total gross unrealized losses	$ 9	$ 26

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), Net of Tax [Abstract]

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)

Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities				Translation adjustments, net of hedges			Fair value hedges		Cash flow hedges			Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans			DVA on fair value option elected liabilities			Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)

Balance at December 31, 2021		$	2,640			$	(934)	$	(131)		$	(296)		$	(210)		$	(1,153)		$	(84)

Net change		(11,764)				(611)		98			(5,360)			(1,241)			1,621			(17,257)
Balance at December 31, 2022		$	(9,124)	(a)		$	(1,545)	$	(33)		$	(5,656)		$	(1,451)		$	468		$	(17,341)




Net change		5,381				329		(101)			1,724			373			(808)			6,898
Balance at December 31, 2023		$	(3,743)	(a)		$	(1,216)	$	(134)		$	(3,932)		$	(1,078)		$	(340)		$	(10,443)




Net change		(87)				(858)		(87)			(882)			(63)			(36)			(2,013)
Balance at December 31, 2024		$	(3,830)	(a)		$	(2,074)	$	(221)		$	(4,814)		$	(1,141)		$	(376)		$	(12,456)

The following table presents the pre-tax and after-tax changes in the components of OCI.


	2024						2023						2022
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Pre-tax		Tax effect		After-tax		Pre-tax		Tax effect		After-tax		Pre-tax		Tax effect		After-tax
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period	$	(1,135)	$	274	$	(861)	$	3,891	$	(922)	$	2,969	$	(17,862)	$	4,290	$	(13,572)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income(a)	1,021		(247)		774		3,180		(768)		2,412		2,380		(572)		1,808
Net change	(114)		27		(87)		7,071		(1,690)		5,381		(15,482)		3,718		(11,764)
Translation adjustments(b):
Translation	(4,385)		250		(4,135)		1,714		(95)		1,619		(3,574)		265		(3,309)
Hedges	4,322		(1,045)		3,277		(1,697)		407		(1,290)		3,553		(855)		2,698
Net change	(63)		(795)		(858)		17		312		329		(21)		(590)		(611)
Fair value hedges, net change(c)	(115)		28		(87)		(134)		33		(101)		130		(32)		98
Cash flow hedges:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period	(3,742)		904		(2,838)		483		(114)		369		(7,473)		1,794		(5,679)
Reclassification adjustment for realized (gains)/losses included in net income(d)	2,579		(623)		1,956		1,775		(420)		1,355		420		(101)		319
Net change	(1,163)		281		(882)		2,258		(534)		1,724		(7,053)		1,693		(5,360)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans, net change(e)	(131)		68		(63)		421		(48)		373		(1,459)		218		(1,241)
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change	(45)		9		(36)		(1,066)		258		(808)		2,141		(520)		1,621
Total other comprehensive income/(loss)	$	(1,631)	$	(382)	$	(2,013)	$	8,567	$	(1,669)	$	6,898	$	(21,744)	$	4,487	$	(17,257)

(a)The pre-tax amount is reported in Investment securities gains/(losses) in the Consolidated statements of income.

(d)The pre-tax amounts are primarily recorded in noninterest revenue, net interest income and compensation expense in the Consolidated statements of income.

Loans - Wholesale Loan Portfolio, Loans Secured by Real Estate (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 1,299,590	$ 1,280,870	$ 1,089,598
Wholesale
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 690,396	$ 672,472	$ 603,670
% of criticized to total retained loans secured by real estate	3.67%	3.51%
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total retained loans secured by real estate	0.57%	0.35%
Wholesale \| Criticized nonaccrual
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 3,942	$ 2,346
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 162,432	$ 162,338
% of criticized to total retained loans secured by real estate	6.61%	4.74%
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total retained loans secured by real estate	0.89%	0.25%
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate \| Commercial construction and development
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 12,200	$ 10,200
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate \| Multifamily
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	101,114	100,725
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate \| Other Commercial
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	61,318	61,613
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate \| Criticized
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 10,730	$ 7,692
% of criticized to total retained loans secured by real estate	6.61%	4.74%
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate \| Criticized \| Multifamily
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 4,700	$ 3,596
% of criticized to total retained loans secured by real estate	4.65%	3.57%
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate \| Criticized \| Other Commercial
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 6,030	$ 4,096
% of criticized to total retained loans secured by real estate	9.83%	6.65%
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate \| Criticized nonaccrual
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 1,439	$ 401
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total retained loans secured by real estate	0.89%	0.25%
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate \| Criticized nonaccrual \| Multifamily
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 337	$ 76
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total retained loans secured by real estate	0.33%	0.08%
Wholesale \| Secured by real estate \| Criticized nonaccrual \| Other Commercial
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 1,102	$ 325
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total retained loans secured by real estate	1.80%	0.53%

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) - Rollforward (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	$ 327,878	$ 292,332
Net change	(2,013)	6,898	$ (17,257)
Ending balance	344,758	327,878	292,332
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss)
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(10,443)	(17,341)	(84)
Net change	(2,013)	6,898	(17,257)
Ending balance	(12,456)	(10,443)	(17,341)
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(3,743)	(9,124)	2,640
Net change	(87)	5,381	(11,764)
Ending balance	(3,830)	(3,743)	(9,124)
After-tax unamortized unrealized gains/(losses) related to transfer of AFS securities to HTM	(651)	(895)	(1,300)
After-tax unrealized gains/ (losses) related to HTM securities that have been transferred to AFS		(29)
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(1,216)	(1,545)	(934)
Net change	(858)	329	(611)
Ending balance	(2,074)	(1,216)	(1,545)
Fair value hedges
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(134)	(33)	(131)
Net change	(87)	(101)	98
Ending balance	(221)	(134)	(33)
Cash flow hedges
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(3,932)	(5,656)	(296)
Net change	(882)	1,724	(5,360)
Ending balance	(4,814)	(3,932)	(5,656)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(1,078)	(1,451)	(210)
Net change	(63)	373	(1,241)
Ending balance	(1,141)	(1,078)	(1,451)
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Roll Forward]
Beginning balance	(340)	468	(1,153)
Net change	(36)	(808)	1,621
Ending balance	$ (376)	$ (340)	$ 468

Deposits - Maturities of Interest-Bearing Time Deposits (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Maturities of interest bearing time deposits
2025	$ 312,103
2026	836
2027	484
2028	167
2029	1,035
After 5 years	291
Total	314,916
U.S.
Maturities of interest bearing time deposits
2025	222,676
2026	749
2027	482
2028	149
2029	314
After 5 years	162
Total	224,532
Non-U.S.
Maturities of interest bearing time deposits
2025	89,427
2026	87
2027	2
2028	18
2029	721
After 5 years	129
Total	$ 90,384

Derivative Instruments - Impact on Statements of Income, Net Investment Hedges (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Translation adjustments, net of hedges
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Reclassification of pre-tax gains (losses) related to net investment hedges	$ 89	$ (35)	$ 38
Net Investment Hedging \| Foreign exchange contracts
Gains/(losses) recorded in income and other comprehensive income/(loss)
Amounts recorded in income	467	384	(123)
Amounts recorded in OCI	$ 4,411	$ (1,732)	$ 3,591

Parent Company - Footnote Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Long term debt maturing in 2025	$ 40,962
Long term debt maturing in 2026	64,500
Long term debt maturing in 2027	32,700
Long term debt maturing in 2028	93,400
Long term debt maturing in 2029	26,900
Reimbursements from income taxes paid on behalf of certain subsidiaries	5,000	$ 13,200	$ 11,300
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Condensed Financial Statements, Captions [Line Items]
Long term debt maturing in 2025	7,669
Long term debt maturing in 2026	29,300
Long term debt maturing in 2027	20,200
Long term debt maturing in 2028	35,000
Long term debt maturing in 2029	$ 18,500

Derivative Instruments - Liquidity Risk and Credit-Related Contingent Features (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
OTC and OTC-cleared derivative payables containing downgrade triggers
Aggregate fair value of net derivative payables	$ 15,371	$ 14,655
Collateral posted	15,204	14,673
Single-notch downgrade
Liquidity impact of downgrade triggers on OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade	119	75
Amount required to settle contracts with termination triggers upon downgrade	78	93
Two-notch downgrade
Liquidity impact of downgrade triggers on OTC and OTC-cleared derivatives
Amount of additional collateral to be posted upon downgrade	1,205	1,153
Amount required to settle contracts with termination triggers upon downgrade	$ 458	$ 592

Deposits

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Deposits [Abstract]

Deposits

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits were as follows:


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included $28,904 and $75,393 at fair value)(a)	$	592,500	$	643,748
Interest-bearing (included $1,101 and $573 at fair value)(a)	1,345,914		1,303,100
Total deposits in U.S. offices	1,938,414		1,946,848
Non-U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included $2,255 and $1,737 at fair value)(a)	26,806		23,097
Interest-bearing (included $1,508 and $681 at fair value)(a)	440,812		430,743
Total deposits in non-U.S. offices	467,618		453,840
Total deposits	$	2,406,032	$	2,400,688

(a)Includes structured notes classified as deposits for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 3 for further discussion.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, time deposits in denominations that met or exceeded the insured limit were as follows:


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
U.S. offices	$	149,239	$	132,654
Non-U.S. offices(a)	92,639		90,187
Total	$	241,878	$	222,841

(a)Represents all time deposits in non-U.S. offices as these deposits typically exceed the insured limit.

As of December 31, 2024, the remaining maturities of interest-bearing time deposits were as follows:


December 31, (in millions)
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		Total
2025	$	222,676	$	89,427	$	312,103
2026	749		87		836
2027	482		2		484
2028	149		18		167
2029	314		721		1,035
After 5 years	162		129		291
Total	$	224,532	$	90,384	$	314,916

Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Pay vs Performance Disclosure
Net income	$ 58,471	$ 49,552	$ 37,676

The portion of profit or loss for the period, net of income taxes, which is attributable to the parent.

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Goodwill, Mortgage Servicing Rights, and Other Intangible Assets - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]
Gross carrying values of other intangible assets	$ 3,800	$ 4,200
Accumulated amortization for other intangible assets	879	994
Carrying value of finite-lived intangible assets	1,700	2,000
Carrying value of indefinite-lived intangible assets	1,200	1,200
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Amortization expense for other intangible assets	$ 339	$ 315
CIFM
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Percentage interest acquired		51.00%

Pension and Other Postretirement Employee Benefit Plans - Net Periodic Benefit Costs (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Total net periodic defined benefit plan cost/(credit)	$ (462)	$ (393)	$ (192)
Total defined contribution plans	1,733	1,609	1,408
Total pension and OPEB cost included in noninterest expense	1,271	1,216	1,216
Total recognized in other comprehensive (income)/loss	$ 131	$ (421)	1,459
Defined benefit pension plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Pension settlement loss			$ 92

Amount, before tax, after reclassification adjustment, of (increase) decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income for defined benefit plan.

Off-Balance Sheet Lending-Related Financial Instruments, Guarantees and Other Commitments [Abstract]

Off-balance Sheet Lending-related Financial Instruments, Guarantees, and Other Commitments (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Off-balance sheet lending related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments


Off–balance sheet lending-related financial instruments, guarantees and other commitments
	Contractual amount												Carrying value(h)(i)
	2024										2023		2024			2023
By remaining maturity as of December 31, (in millions)	Expires in 1 year or less		Expires after 1 year through 3 years		Expires after 3 years through 5 years		Expires after 5 years		Total		Total
Lending-related
Consumer, excluding credit card:
Residential Real Estate(a)	$	10,838	$	7,240	$	4,601	$	7,670	$	30,349	$	30,125	$	534	(j)	$	678	(j)
Auto and other	10,833		14		5		3,643		14,495		15,278		37		(j)	148		(j)
Total consumer, excluding credit card	21,671		7,254		4,606		11,313		44,844		45,403		571			826
Credit card(b)	1,001,311		—		—		—		1,001,311		915,658		—			—
Total consumer(c)	1,022,982		7,254		4,606		11,313		1,046,155		961,061		571			826
Wholesale:
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit(d)	101,500		199,878		172,066		24,993		498,437		503,526		2,608		(j)	2,797		(j)
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees(d)	15,825		8,506		3,780		565		28,676		28,872		473			479
Other letters of credit(d)	3,958		278		21		97		4,354		4,388		37			37
Total wholesale(c)	121,283		208,662		175,867		25,655		531,467		536,786		3,118			3,313
Total lending-related	$	1,144,265	$	215,916	$	180,473	$	36,968	$	1,577,622	$	1,497,847	$	3,689		$	4,139
Other guarantees and commitments
Securities lending indemnification agreements and guarantees(e)	$	310,046	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	310,046	$	283,664	$	—		$	—
Derivatives qualifying as guarantees	902		343		9,890		38,493		49,628		54,562		113			89
Unsettled resale and securities borrowed agreements	115,939		—		—		—		115,939		95,106		2			—
Unsettled repurchase and securities loaned agreements	66,986		—		—		—		66,986		60,724		(2)			—
Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications:
Mortgage repurchase liability	NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		NA		45			76
Loans sold with recourse	NA		NA		NA		NA		1,189		803		23			24
Exchange & clearing house guarantees and commitments(f)	401,486		—		—		—		401,486		265,887		—			—
Other guarantees and commitments (g)	10,652		425		435		884		12,396		15,074		28			38

(a)Includes certain commitments to purchase loans from correspondents.

(b)Also includes commercial card lending-related commitments primarily in CIB.

(c)Predominantly all consumer and wholesale lending-related commitments are in the U.S.

Standby letters of credit, other financial guarantees and other letters of credit


	2024					2023
December 31, (in millions)	Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees			Other letters of credit		Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees			Other letters of credit
Investment-grade(a)		$	20,443	$	3,380		$	19,694	$	3,552
Noninvestment-grade(a)		8,233		974			9,178		836
Total contractual amount		$	28,676	$	4,354		$	28,872	$	4,388
Allowance for lending-related commitments		$	94	$	37		$	110	$	37
Guarantee liability		379		—			369		—
Total carrying value		$	473	$	37		$	479	$	37
Commitments with collateral		$	16,805	$	357		$	16,861	$	539

(a)The ratings scale is based on the Firm’s internal risk ratings. Refer to Note 12 for further information on internal risk ratings.

Schedule of derivatives qualifying as guarantees

The following table summarizes the derivatives qualifying as guarantees as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.


(in millions)	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023

Notional amounts
Derivative guarantees	$	49,628	$	54,562
Stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure	32,939		32,488
Maximum exposure of stable value contracts with contractually limited exposure	1,740		1,652

Fair value
Derivative payables	113		89

Fair Value Option

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Fair Value Option

Fair value option

The fair value option provides an option to elect fair value for selected financial assets, financial liabilities, unrecognized firm commitments, and written loan commitments.

The Firm has elected to measure certain instruments at fair value for several reasons including to mitigate income statement volatility caused by the differences between the measurement basis of elected instruments (e.g., certain instruments that otherwise would be accounted for on an accrual basis) and the associated risk management arrangements that are accounted for on a fair value basis, as well as to better reflect those instruments that are managed on a fair value basis.

The Firm’s election of fair value includes the following instruments:

•Loans purchased or originated as part of securitization warehousing activity, subject to bifurcation accounting, or managed on a fair value basis, including lending-related commitments

•Certain securities financing agreements

•Owned beneficial interests in securitized financial assets that contain embedded credit derivatives, which would otherwise be required to be separately accounted for as a derivative instrument

•Structured notes and other hybrid instruments, which are predominantly financial instruments that contain embedded derivatives, that are issued or transacted as part of client-driven activities

•Certain long-term beneficial interests issued by CIB’s consolidated securitization trusts where the underlying assets are carried at fair value

Changes in fair value under the fair value option election

The following table presents the changes in fair value included in the Consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, for items for which the fair value option was elected. The profit and loss information presented below only includes the financial instruments that were elected to be measured at fair value; related risk management instruments, which are required to be measured at fair value, are not included in the table.


	2024							2023							2022
December 31, (in millions)	Principal transactions		All other income			Total changes in fair value recorded(e)		Principal transactions		All other income			Total changes in fair value recorded(e)		Principal transactions		All other income			Total changes in fair value recorded(e)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	144	$	—		$	144	$	300	$	—		$	300	$	(384)	$	—		$	(384)
Securities borrowed	347		—			347		164		—			164		(499)		—			(499)
Trading assets:
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans	7,205		—			7,205		3,656		—			3,656		(1,703)		—			(1,703)
Loans reported as trading assets:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk	346		—			346		248		—			248		(136)		—			(136)
Other changes in fair value	9		10		(c)	19		3		5		(c)	8		(59)		—			(59)
Loans:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk	517		(6)		(c)	511		322		(4)		(c)	318		(242)		21		(c)	(221)
Other changes in fair value	75		371		(c)	446		427		216		(c)	643		(1,421)		(794)		(c)	(2,215)
Other assets	63		—			63		282		(4)		(d)	278		39		(6)		(d)	33
Deposits(a)	(3,398)		—			(3,398)		(2,582)		—			(2,582)		901		—			901
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	(12)		—			(12)		(121)		—			(121)		181		—			181
Short-term borrowings(a)	(922)		—			(922)		(567)		—			(567)		473		—			473
Trading liabilities	(1)		—			(1)		(24)		—			(24)		43		—			43
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	—		—			—		—		—			—		(1)		—			(1)
Other liabilities	(11)		—			(11)		(16)		—			(16)		(11)		—			(11)
Long-term debt(a)(b)	(2,711)		(6)		(c)(d)	(2,717)		(5,875)		(78)		(c)(d)	(5,953)		8,990		98		(c)(d)	9,088

(a)Unrealized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk (DVA) for liabilities for which the fair value option has been elected are recorded in OCI, while realized gains/(losses) are recorded in principal transactions revenue. Realized gains/(losses) due to instrument-specific credit risk recorded in principal transactions revenue were not material for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

(b)Long-term debt measured at fair value predominantly relates to structured notes. Although the risk associated with the structured notes is actively managed, the gains/(losses) reported in this table do not include the income statement impact of the risk management instruments used to manage such risk.

(c)Reported in mortgage fees and related income.

(d)Reported in other income.

(e)Changes in fair value exclude contractual interest, which is included in interest income and interest expense for all instruments other than certain hybrid financial instruments in CIB. Refer to Note 7 for further information regarding interest income and interest expense.

Determination of instrument-specific credit risk for items for which the fair value option was elected

The following describes how the gains and losses that are attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk, were determined.

•Loans and lending-related commitments: For floating-rate instruments, all changes in value are attributed to instrument-specific credit risk. For fixed-rate instruments, an allocation of the changes in value for the period is made between those changes in value that are interest rate-related and changes in value that are credit-related. Allocations are generally based on an analysis of borrower-specific credit spread and recovery information,

where available, or benchmarking to similar entities or industries.

•Long-term debt: Changes in value attributable to instrument-specific credit risk were derived principally from observable changes in the Firm’s credit spread as observed in the bond market.

•Securities financing agreements: Generally, for these types of agreements, there is a requirement that collateral be maintained with a market value equal to or in excess of the principal amount loaned; as a result, there would be no adjustment or an immaterial adjustment for instrument-specific credit risk related to these agreements.

Difference between aggregate fair value and aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding

The following table reflects the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, for loans, long-term debt and long-term beneficial interests for which the fair value option has been elected.


	2024							2023
December 31, (in millions)	Contractual principal outstanding			Fair value		Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding		Contractual principal outstanding			Fair value		Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
Loans
Nonaccrual loans
Loans reported as trading assets	$	3,429		$	464	$	(2,965)	$	2,987		$	588	$	(2,399)
Loans	1,711			1,492		(219)		838			732		(106)
Subtotal	5,140			1,956		(3,184)		3,825			1,320		(2,505)
90 or more days past due and government guaranteed
Loans(a)	50			45		(5)		65			59		(6)
All other performing loans(b)
Loans reported as trading assets	12,171			10,852		(1,319)		9,547			7,968		(1,579)
Loans(c)	40,342			39,813		(529)		38,948			38,060		(888)
Subtotal	52,513			50,665		(1,848)		48,495			46,028		(2,467)
Total loans	$	57,703		$	52,666	$	(5,037)	$	52,385		$	47,407	$	(4,978)
Long-term debt
Principal-protected debt	$	57,414	(e)	$	47,780	$	(9,634)	$	47,768	(e)	$	38,882	$	(8,886)
Nonprincipal-protected debt(d)	NA			53,000		NA		NA			49,042		NA
Total long-term debt	NA			$	100,780	NA		NA			$	87,924	NA
Long-term beneficial interests
Nonprincipal-protected debt(d)	NA			$	1	NA		NA			$	1	NA
Total long-term beneficial interests	NA			$	1	NA		NA			$	1	NA

(a)These balances are excluded from nonaccrual loans as the loans are insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.

(b)There were no performing loans that were ninety days or more past due as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(c)Includes loans insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies less than 90 days past due.

(d)Remaining contractual principal is not applicable to nonprincipal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests. Unlike principal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests, for which the Firm is obligated to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, nonprincipal-protected structured notes and long-term beneficial interests do not obligate the Firm to return a stated amount of principal at maturity, but for structured notes to return an amount based on the performance of an underlying variable or derivative feature embedded in the note. However, investors are exposed to the credit risk of the Firm as issuer for both nonprincipal-protected and principal-protected notes.

(e)Where the Firm issues principal-protected zero-coupon or discount notes, the balance reflects the contractual principal payment at maturity or, if applicable, the contractual principal payment at the Firm’s next call date.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the contractual amount of lending-related commitments for which the fair value option was elected was $12.2 billion and $9.7 billion, respectively, with a corresponding fair value of $50 million and $97 million, respectively. Refer to Note 28 for further information regarding off-balance sheet lending-related financial instruments.

Structured note products by balance sheet classification and risk component

The following table presents the fair value of structured notes, by balance sheet classification and the primary risk type.


	December 31, 2024									December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Long-term debt		Short-term borrowings		Deposits			Total		Long-term debt		Short-term borrowings		Deposits			Total
Risk exposure
Interest rate	$	46,220	$	1,065	$	28,871		$	76,156	$	38,604	$	654	$	74,526		$	113,784
Credit	6,213		1,242		—			7,455		5,444		350		—			5,794
Foreign exchange	2,309		1,058		416			3,783		2,605		941		187			3,733
Equity	44,149		7,881		2,986			55,016		38,685		5,483		2,905			47,073
Commodity	1,331		62		1		(a)	1,394		1,862		11		1		(a)	1,874
Total structured notes	$	100,222	$	11,308	$	32,274		$	143,804	$	87,200	$	7,439	$	77,619		$	172,258

(a)Excludes deposits linked to precious metals for which the fair value option has not been elected of $869 million and $627 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The entire disclosure for a company's election to apply the fair value option for measurement and reporting of eligible financial assets and liabilities (as defined), as well as certain other eligible items (as defined) included in the statement of financial position, whether such option is elected for a single eligible item or a group of similar eligible items and is in addition to other disclosures concerning fair value which the company may be required to provide. Such disclosure might be expected to include: (1) for items included in the statement of financial position: (a) the reasons for electing a fair value option for each eligible item or group of similar eligible items; (b) if the fair value option is elected for some but not all eligible items within a group of similar eligible items: (i) a description of those similar items and the reasons for partial election and (ii) information of how the group of similar items relates to individual balance sheet line items; (c) for each line item in the statement of financial position that includes an item or items for which the fair value option has been elected: (i) information of how each line item in the statement of financial position relates to major categories of assets and liabilities presented in accordance with other fair value disclosures and (ii) the aggregate carrying amount of ineligible items included in each line item in the balance sheet, if any; (d) the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance (assuming contractual principal amounts and fair value option elected) of: (i) loans and long-term receivables (other than securities otherwise reported at fair value) and (ii) long-term debt instruments; (e) for loans held as assets for which the fair value option has been elected: (i) the aggregate fair value of loans that are 90 days or more past due, (ii) if the policy is to recognize interest income separately from other changes in fair value, the aggregate fair value of loans in nonaccrual status, and (iii) the difference between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance for loans that are 90 days or more past due, in nonaccrual status, or both; (f) for investments that would have been accounted for under the equity method if the entity had not chosen to apply the fair value option, the information required for such investments, if material either individually or in the aggregate; (2) for items included in the income statement: (a) the amounts of gains and losses from fair value changes included in earnings and in which line in the income statement those gains and losses are reported whether or not combined with gains and losses from items required to be accounted for at fair value; (b) a description of how interest and dividends are measured and where they are reported in the income statement; (c) for loans and other receivables held as assets: (i) the estimated amount of gains or losses included in earnings attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk and (ii) how the gains or losses attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk were determined; (d) for liabilities with fair values that have been significantly affected during the reporting period by changes in the instrument-specific credit risk: (i) the estimated amount of gains and losses from fair value changes included in earnings that are attributable to changes in the instrument-specific credit risk, (ii) qualitative information about the reasons for those changes, and (iii) how the gains and losses attributable to changes in instrument-specific credit risk were determined; and (3) certain other disclosures as required or determined to be provided.

Noninterest Income (Expense) [Abstract]

Noninterest Revenue and Noninterest Expense

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Noninterest Revenue and Noninterest Expense

Noninterest revenue and noninterest expense

Noninterest revenue

The Firm records noninterest revenue from certain contracts with customers in investment banking fees, deposit-related fees, asset management fees, commissions and other fees, and components of card income. The related contracts are often terminable on demand and the Firm has no remaining obligation to deliver future services. For arrangements with a fixed term, the Firm may commit to deliver services in the future. Revenue associated with these remaining performance obligations typically depends on the occurrence of future events or underlying asset values, and is not recognized until the outcome of those events or values are known.

Investment banking fees

This revenue category includes debt and equity underwriting and advisory fees. As an underwriter, the Firm helps clients raise capital via public offering and private placement of various types of debt and equity instruments. Underwriting fees are primarily based on the issuance price and quantity of the underlying instruments, and are recognized as revenue typically upon execution of the client’s transaction. The Firm also manages and syndicates loan arrangements. Credit arrangement and syndication fees, included within debt underwriting fees, are recorded as revenue after satisfying certain retention, timing and yield criteria.

The Firm also provides advisory services by assisting its clients with mergers and acquisitions, divestitures, restructuring and other complex transactions. Advisory fees are recognized as revenue typically upon execution of the client’s transaction.

The following table presents the components of investment banking fees.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Underwriting
Equity	$	1,687	$	1,149	$	975
Debt	3,945		2,610		2,732
Total underwriting	5,632		3,759		3,707
Advisory	3,278		2,760		2,979
Total investment banking fees	$	8,910	$	6,519	$	6,686

Investment banking fees are earned primarily by CIB.

Principal transactions

Principal transactions revenue is driven by many factors, including:

•the bid-offer spread, which is the difference between the price at which a market participant is willing and able to sell an instrument to the Firm and the price at which another market participant is willing and able to buy it from the Firm, and vice versa; and

•realized and unrealized gains and losses on financial instruments and commodities transactions, including those accounted for under the fair value option, primarily used in client-driven market-making activities.

–Realized gains and losses result from the sale of instruments, closing out or termination of transactions, or interim cash payments.

–Unrealized gains and losses result from changes in valuation.

In connection with its client-driven market-making activities, the Firm transacts in debt and equity instruments, derivatives and commodities, including physical commodities inventories and financial instruments that reference commodities.

Principal transactions revenue also includes realized and unrealized gains and losses related to:

•derivatives designated in qualifying hedge accounting relationships, primarily fair value hedges of commodity and foreign exchange risk;

•derivatives used for specific risk management purposes, primarily to mitigate credit, foreign exchange and interest rate risks.

Refer to Note 5 for further information on the income statement classification of gains and losses from derivatives activities.

In the financial commodity markets, the Firm transacts in OTC derivatives (e.g., swaps, forwards, options) and ETD that reference a wide range of underlying commodities. In the physical commodity markets, the Firm primarily purchases and sells precious and base metals, natural gas, and may hold other commodities inventories under financing and other arrangements with clients.

Trading revenue is presented primarily by instrument type. The Firm’s client-driven market-making businesses generally utilize a variety of instrument


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Trading revenue by instrument type
Interest rate(a)	$	3,631	$	5,607	$	3,010
Credit(b)	1,545		1,434		1,412		(c)
Foreign exchange	4,874		5,082		5,119
Equity	13,476		10,229		8,068
Commodity	1,194		2,202		2,348
Total trading revenue	24,720		24,554		19,957
Private equity gains/(losses)	67		(94)		(45)
Principal transactions	$	24,787	$	24,460	$	19,912

(a)Includes the impact of changes in funding valuation adjustments on derivatives.

(b)Includes the impact of changes in credit valuation adjustments on derivatives, net of the associated hedging activities.

(c)Includes net markdowns on held-for-sale positions, primarily unfunded commitments, in the bridge financing portfolio.

Principal transactions revenue is earned primarily by CIB.

Lending- and deposit-related fees

Lending-related fees include fees earned from loan commitments, standby letters of credit, financial guarantees, and other loan-servicing activities. Deposit-related fees include fees earned from performing cash management activities, and providing overdraft and other deposit account services. Deposit-related fees also include the impact of credits earned by clients that reduce such fees. Lending- and deposit-related fees are recognized over the period in which the related service is provided. Refer to Note 28 for further information on lending-related commitments.

The following table presents the components of lending- and deposit-related fees.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024			2023			2022
Lending-related fees	$	2,192	(a)	$	2,365	(a)	$	1,468
Deposit-related fees	5,414			5,048			5,630
Total lending- and deposit-related fees	$	7,606		$	7,413		$	7,098

Lending- and deposit-related fees are earned by CCB, CIB and AWM.

Asset management fees

Investment management fees include fees associated with assets the Firm manages on behalf of its clients, including investors in Firm-sponsored funds and owners of separately managed investment accounts. Management fees are typically based on the value of assets under management and are collected and recognized at the end of each period over which the management services are provided and the value of the managed assets is known. The Firm also receives performance-based management fees, which are earned based on exceeding certain benchmarks or other performance targets and are accrued and recognized when the probability of reversal is remote, typically at the end of the related billing period.

All other asset management fees include commissions earned on the sales or distribution of mutual funds to clients. These fees are recorded as revenue at the time the service is rendered or, in the case of certain distribution fees, based on the underlying fund’s asset value or investor redemption activity.

The following table presents the components of asset management fees.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Asset management fees
Investment management fees	$	17,425	$	14,908	$	13,765
All other asset management fees	376		312		331
Total asset management fees	$	17,801	$	15,220	$	14,096

Asset management fees earned primarily by AWM and CCB.

Commissions and other fees

This revenue category includes commissions and fees from brokerage and custody services, and other products.

Brokerage commissions represents commissions earned when the Firm acts as a broker, by facilitating its clients’ purchases and sales of securities and other financial instruments. Brokerage commissions are collected and recognized as revenue upon occurrence of the client transaction. The Firm reports certain costs paid to third-party clearing houses and exchanges net against commission revenue.

Administration fees predominantly include fees for custody, funds services, securities lending and securities clearance. These fees are recorded as revenue over the period in which the related service is provided.

The following table presents the components of commissions and other fees.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022

Commissions and other fees
Brokerage commissions and fees	$	3,119	$	2,820	$	2,831
Administration fees	2,526		2,310		2,348
All other commissions and fees(a)	1,885		1,706		1,402
Total commissions and other fees	$	7,530	$	6,836	$	6,581

Commissions and other fees are earned primarily by CIB, CCB and AWM.

Mortgage fees and related income

This revenue category reflects CCB’s Home Lending production and net mortgage servicing revenue.

Production revenue includes fees and income recognized as earned on mortgage loans originated with the intent to sell, and the impact of risk management activities associated with the mortgage pipeline and warehouse loans. Production revenue also includes gains and losses on sales and lower of cost or fair value adjustments on mortgage loans held-for-sale (excluding certain repurchased loans insured by U.S. government agencies), and changes in the fair value of financial instruments measured under the fair value option. Net mortgage servicing revenue includes operating revenue earned from servicing third-party mortgage loans, which is recognized over the period in which the service is provided; changes in the fair value of MSRs; the impact of risk management activities associated with MSRs; and gains and losses on securitization of excess mortgage servicing. Net mortgage servicing revenue also includes gains and losses on sales and lower of cost or fair value adjustments of certain repurchased loans insured by U.S. government agencies.

Refer to Note 15 for further information on risk management activities and MSRs.

Net interest income from mortgage loans is recorded in interest income.

Card income

This revenue category includes interchange and other income from credit and debit card transactions; and fees earned from processing card transactions for merchants, both of which are recognized when purchases are made by a cardholder and presented net of certain transaction-related costs. Card income also includes account origination costs and annual fees, which are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period.

Certain credit card products offer the cardholder the ability to earn points based on account activity, which the cardholder can choose to redeem for cash and non-cash rewards. The cost to the Firm related to these proprietary rewards programs varies based on multiple factors including the terms and conditions of the rewards programs, cardholder activity, cardholder reward redemption rates and cardholder reward selections. The Firm maintains a liability for its obligations under its rewards programs and reports the current-period cost as a reduction of card income.

Credit card revenue sharing agreements

The Firm has contractual agreements with numerous co-brand partners that grant the Firm exclusive rights to issue co-branded credit card products and market them to the customers of such partners. These partners endorse the co-brand credit card programs and provide their customer or member lists to the Firm. The partners may also conduct marketing activities and provide rewards redeemable under their own loyalty programs that the Firm will grant to co-brand credit cardholders based on account activity. The terms of these agreements generally range from five to ten years.

The Firm typically makes payments to the co-brand credit card partners based on the cost of partners’ marketing activities and loyalty program rewards provided to credit cardholders, new account originations and sales volumes. Payments to partners based on marketing efforts undertaken by the partners are expensed by the Firm as incurred and reported as marketing expense. Payments for partner loyalty program rewards are reported as a reduction of card income when incurred. Payments to partners based on new credit card account originations are accounted for as direct loan origination costs and are deferred and recognized as a reduction of card income on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period. Payments to partners based on sales volumes are reported as a reduction of card income when the related interchange income is earned.

The following table presents the components of card income:


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Interchange and merchant processing income	$	33,847	$	31,021	$	28,085
Reward costs and partner payments	(26,784)		(24,601)		(22,162)
All other(a)	(1,566)		(1,636)		(1,503)
Total card income	$	5,497	$	4,784	$	4,420

(a)Predominantly represents the amortization of account origination costs and annual fees, which are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over a 12-month period.

Card income is earned primarily by CCB and CIB.

Other income

This revenue category includes operating lease income, as well as losses associated with the Firm’s tax-oriented investments, predominantly alternative energy equity-method investments in CIB. The losses associated with these tax-oriented investments are more than offset by lower income tax expense from the associated tax credits.

The following table presents certain components of other income:


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024			2023		2022
Operating lease income	$	2,795		$	2,843	$	3,654
Losses on tax-oriented investments	(97)			(1,538)		(1,491)
Gain on Visa shares	7,990		(b)	—		914		(c)
Estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition	103			2,775		—
Gain related to the acquisition of CIFM (a)	—			339		—

(a) Gain on the original minority interest in CIFM upon the Firm's acquisition of the remaining 51% of the entity.

(b) Relates to the initial gain recognized on May 6, 2024 on the Visa C shares. Refer to Note 2 for additional information.

Refer to Note 18 for additional information on operating leases.

Proportional Amortization Method: Effective January 1, 2024, as a result of adopting updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method guidance, the amortization of certain of the Firm's alternative energy tax-oriented investments that was previously recognized in other income is now recognized in income tax expense, which aligns with the associated tax credits and other tax benefits. Refer to Notes 1, 14 and 25 for additional information.

Noninterest expense

Other expense

Other expense on the Firm’s Consolidated statements of income included:


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024			2023			2022
Legal expense	$	740		$	1,436		$	266
FDIC-related expense	1,893		(c)	4,203		(c)	860
Operating losses	1,417			1,228			1,101
Contribution of Visa shares(a)	1,000			—			—
First Republic-related expense(b)	777			1,060			—

(a) Represents the contribution of a portion of Visa C shares to the JPMorgan Chase Foundation recorded in the second quarter of 2024. Refer to Note 2 for additional information.

Refer to Note 32 for additional information on noninterest revenue and expense by segment.

Pension and Other Postretirement Employee Benefit Plans - Actuarial Assumptions to Determine Net Periodic Benefit Costs (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]
Discount rate	5.16%	5.14%	2.54%
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	6.15%	5.74%	3.68%

Income Taxes - Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate (Details)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Reconciliation of the applicable statutory U.S. income tax rate to the effective tax rate
Statutory U.S. federal tax rate	21.00%	21.00%	21.00%
Increase/(decrease) in tax rate resulting from:
U.S. state and local income taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax benefit	3.10%	2.80%	3.50%
Tax-exempt income	(0.70%)	(0.90%)	(0.90%)
Non-U.S. earnings	1.40%	1.50%	0.40%
Business tax credits	(2.40%)	(4.40%)	(5.40%)
Other, net	(0.30%)	(0.40%)	(0.20%)
Effective tax rate	22.10%	19.60%	18.40%

Derivative Instruments - Credit Derivatives (Details) - USD ($)	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Credit Derivatives - supplemental information
Tranche credit default swap realized credit loss protection	$ 1,000,000
Tranche credit default swap portfolio of exposure	10,000,000
Maximum payout/Notional amount
Protection sold	(561,097,000,000)	$ (489,018,000,000)
Protection purchased with identical underlyings	612,481,000,000	519,239,000,000
Net protection (sold)/purchased	51,384,000,000	30,221,000,000
Other protection purchased	27,498,000,000	46,511,000,000
Total credit derivatives
Maximum payout/Notional amount
Protection sold	(561,097,000,000)	(489,018,000,000)
Protection purchased with identical underlyings	612,481,000,000	519,239,000,000
Net protection (sold)/purchased	51,384,000,000	30,221,000,000
Other protection purchased	17,027,000,000	36,723,000,000
Credit default swaps
Maximum payout/Notional amount
Protection sold	(450,184,000,000)	(450,172,000,000)
Protection purchased with identical underlyings	474,554,000,000	473,823,000,000
Net protection (sold)/purchased	24,370,000,000	23,651,000,000
Other protection purchased	6,858,000,000	7,517,000,000
Other credit derivatives
Maximum payout/Notional amount
Protection sold	(110,913,000,000)	(38,846,000,000)
Protection purchased with identical underlyings	137,927,000,000	45,416,000,000
Net protection (sold)/purchased	27,014,000,000	6,570,000,000
Other protection purchased	10,169,000,000	29,206,000,000
Credit-related notes
Maximum payout/Notional amount
Protection sold	0	0
Protection purchased with identical underlyings	0	0
Net protection (sold)/purchased	0	0
Other protection purchased	$ 10,471,000,000	$ 9,788,000,000

Accounts Payable and Other Liabilities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities [Abstract]

Accounts Payable and Other Liabilities

Accounts payable and other liabilities

Accounts payable and other liabilities consist of brokerage payables, which include payables to customers and payables related to security purchases that did not settle, as well as other accrued expenses, such as compensation accruals, credit card rewards liability, merchant servicing payables, operating lease liabilities, accrued interest payables, income tax payables and litigation reserves.

The following table presents the components of accounts payable and other liabilities.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Brokerage payables	$	153,153	$	161,960
Other payables and liabilities(a)	127,519		128,347
Total accounts payable and other liabilities	$	280,672	$	290,307

(a) Includes credit card rewards liability of $14.4 billion and $13.2 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

The credit card rewards liability represents the estimated cost of rewards points earned and expected to be redeemed by cardholders. The liability is accrued as the cardholder earns the benefit and is reduced when the cardholder redeems points. The redemption rate and cost per point assumptions are key assumptions to estimate the liability and the current period impact is recognized in Card Income.

Refer to Notes 7, 18, 25 and 30 for additional information on accrued interest, operating lease liabilities, income taxes and litigation reserves, respectively.

Goodwill, Mortgage Servicing Rights, and Other Intangible Assets (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill attributed to the business segments

The following table presents goodwill attributed to the reportable business segments and Corporate.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Consumer & Community Banking	$	32,116	$	32,116	$	32,121
Commercial & Investment Bank	11,236		11,251		10,993
Asset & Wealth Management	8,521		8,582		7,902
Corporate	692		685		646
Total goodwill	$	52,565	$	52,634	$	51,662

The following table presents changes in the carrying amount of goodwill.


(in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Balance at beginning of period	$	52,634	$	51,662	$	50,315
Changes during the period from:
Business combinations(a)	29		917		1,426
Other(b)	(98)		55		(79)
Balance at December 31,	$	52,565	$	52,634	$	51,662

(b)Primarily foreign currency adjustments.

Mortgage servicing rights activity

The following table summarizes MSR activity for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.


As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions, except where otherwise noted)	2024		2023		2022
Fair value at beginning of period	$	8,522	$	7,973	$	5,494
MSR activity:
Originations of MSRs	325		253		798
Purchase of MSRs(a)	601		1,028		1,400
Disposition of MSRs(b)	(21)		(188)		(822)
Net additions/(dispositions)	905		1,093		1,376

Changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows	(1,068)		(1,011)		(936)

Changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions:
Changes due to market interest rates and other(c)	670		424		2,022
Changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions:
Projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service)	102		(22)		14
Discount rates	14		14		—
Prepayment model changes and other(d)	(24)		51		3
Total changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions	92		43		17
Total changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions	762		467		2,039
Fair value at December 31,	$	9,121	$	8,522	$	7,973
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) included in income related to MSRs held at December 31,	$	762	$	467	$	2,039
Contractual service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees included in income	1,606		1,590		1,535
Third-party mortgage loans serviced at December 31, (in billions)	652		632		584
Servicer advances, net of an allowance for uncollectible amounts, at December 31(e)	577		659		758

(a)Includes purchase price adjustments associated with MSRs purchased, primarily as a result of loans that prepaid within 90 days of settlement, allowing the Firm to recover the purchase price.

(c)Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.

(d)Represents changes in prepayments other than those attributable to changes in market interest rates.

CCB mortgage fees and related income

The following table presents the components of mortgage fees and related income (including the impact of MSR risk management activities) for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
CCB mortgage fees and related income
Production revenue	$	627	$	421	$	497

Net mortgage servicing revenue:
Operating revenue:
Loan servicing revenue	1,659		1,634		1,582
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to collection/realization of expected cash flows	(1,067)		(1,011)		(936)
Total operating revenue	592		623		646
Risk management:
Changes in MSR asset fair value due to market interest rates and other(a)	670		424		2,022
Other changes in MSR asset fair value due to other inputs and assumptions in model(b)	92		43		17
Change in derivative fair value and other	(603)		(336)		(1,946)
Total risk management	159		131		93
Total net mortgage servicing revenue	751		754		739

Total CCB mortgage fees and related income	1,378		1,175		1,236

All other	23		1		14
Mortgage fees and related income	$	1,401	$	1,176	$	1,250

(a)Represents both the impact of changes in estimated future prepayments due to changes in market interest rates, and the difference between actual and expected prepayments.

Key economic assumptions used to determine the fair value of the Firm's Mortgage Servicing Rights (MSRs)


December 31, (in millions, except rates)	2024			2023
Weighted-average prepayment speed assumption (constant prepayment rate)	6.19		%	6.29		%
Impact on fair value of 10% adverse change	$	(209)		$	(206)
Impact on fair value of 20% adverse change	(406)			(401)
Weighted-average option adjusted spread(a)	5.97		%	6.10		%
Impact on fair value of 100 basis points adverse change	$	(391)		$	(369)
Impact on fair value of 200 basis points adverse change	(751)			(709)

(a)Includes the impact of operational risk and regulatory capital.

Schedule of future amortization expense

The following table presents estimated future amortization expense.


December 31, (in millions)	Finite-lived intangible assets
2025	$	288
2026	285
2027	284
2028	267
2029	261

Tabular disclosure of goodwill by reportable segment and in total which includes a rollforward schedule.

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 24
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482548/350-20-55-24

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (h)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (d)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (e)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1

Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
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-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-1A

Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 350
-SubTopic 20
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482573/350-20-50-2

Preferred Stock - Narrative (Details) - USD ($) $ / shares in Units, $ in Billions	Feb. 04, 2025	Feb. 01, 2025	Oct. 01, 2024	Aug. 01, 2024	May 01, 2024	Apr. 30, 2024	Mar. 12, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Shares of preferred stock authorized to issue, in one or more series (in shares)								200,000,000	200,000,000
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)								$ 1	$ 1
Liquidation value and redemption price per share (in dollars per share)								$ 10,000
Aggregate liquidation value								$ 20.2
Series X
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock redeemed			$ 1.6
Series FF
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock redeemed				$ 2.3
Series Q, R and S
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock redeemed					$ 5.0
Series U
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock redeemed						$ 1.0
Series OO \| Subsequent Event
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock issued	$ 3.0
Series NN
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock issued							$ 2.5
Series HH \| Subsequent Event
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Preferred stock redeemed		$ 3.0

Noninterest Revenue and Noninterest Expense - Asset Management Fees (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Noninterest Income (Expense) [Abstract]
Investment management fees	$ 17,425	$ 14,908	$ 13,765
All other asset management fees	376	312	331
Total asset management fees	$ 17,801	$ 15,220	$ 14,096

Loans - Purchased, Sold and Reclassified to Held-for-Sale (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchases	$ 2,079	$ 152,505	$ 2,713
Sales	55,587	46,151	44,818
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale	2,405	1,760	1,284
Consumer, excluding credit card
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchases	647	92,205	1,625
Sales	10,440	2,202	2,884
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale	1,656	274	229
Excluded purchases of retained loans predominantly sourced through the correspondent origination channel and underwritten in accordance with Firm standards	902	5,100	12,400
Consumer, excluding credit card \| First Republic
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchases	91,900
Credit card
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchases	0	0	0
Sales	0	0	0
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale	0	0	0
Wholesale
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchases	1,432	60,300	1,088
Sales	45,147	43,949	41,934
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale	749	$ 1,486	$ 1,055
Wholesale \| First Republic
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Purchases	$ 59,200

Regulatory Capital

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Banking Regulation [Abstract]

Regulatory Capital

Regulatory capital

The Federal Reserve establishes capital requirements, including well-capitalized standards, for the Firm as a consolidated financial holding company. The OCC establishes similar minimum capital requirements and standards for the Firm’s principal IDI subsidiary, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.

The capital rules under Basel III establish minimum capital ratios and overall capital adequacy standards for large and internationally active U.S. bank holding companies and banks, including the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Under the rules currently in effect, two comprehensive approaches are prescribed for calculating RWA: a standardized approach (“Basel III Standardized”), and an advanced approach (“Basel III Advanced”). For each of these risk-based capital ratios, the capital adequacy of the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is evaluated against the lower of the Standardized or Advanced approaches compared to their respective regulatory capital ratio requirements.

The three components of regulatory capital under the Basel III rules and their primary drivers are as illustrated below:

https://cdn.kscope.io/88ed815360bc26f641f227620fe29e86-25_note27_01 v2.jpg

Under the risk-based capital and leverage-based guidelines of the Federal Reserve, JPMorgan Chase & Co. is required to maintain minimum ratios for CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital, Total capital, Tier 1 leverage and the SLR. Failure to meet these minimum requirements could cause the Federal Reserve to take action. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. is also subject to these capital requirements established by its primary regulators.


	Standardized capital ratio requirements				Advanced capital ratio requirements				Well-capitalized ratios
	BHC(a)(b)		IDI(c)		BHC(a)(b)		IDI(c)		BHC(d)		IDI(e)
Risk-based capital ratios
CET1 capital	12.3	%	7.0	%	11.5	%	7.0	%	NA		6.5	%
Tier 1 capital	13.8		8.5		13.0		8.5		6.0	%	8.0
Total capital	15.8		10.5		15.0		10.5		10.0		10.0

Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. are subject.

(d)Represents requirements for bank holding companies pursuant to regulations issued by the Federal Reserve.

(e)Represents requirements for JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. pursuant to regulations issued under the FDIC Improvement Act.


	Capital ratio requirements(a)				Well-capitalized ratios
	BHC		IDI		BHC(b)	IDI
Leverage-based capital ratios
Tier 1 leverage	4.0	%	4.0	%	NA	5.0	%
SLR	5.0		6.0		NA	6.0

Note: The table above is as defined by the regulations issued by the Federal Reserve, OCC and FDIC and to which the Firm and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. are subject.

(a)Represents minimum SLR requirement of 3.0%, as well as supplementary leverage buffer requirements of 2.0% and 3.0% for BHC and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., respectively.

(b)The Federal Reserve's regulations do not establish well-capitalized thresholds for these measures for BHCs.

CECL Regulatory Capital Transition

Beginning January 1, 2022, the $2.9 billion CECL capital benefit, provided by the Federal Reserve in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, is being phased out at 25% per year over a three-year period. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Firm’s CET1 capital reflected the remaining benefit of $720 million and $1.4 billion, respectively, associated with the CECL capital transition provisions.

Similarly, as of January 1, 2024, the Firm has phased out 75% of the other CECL capital transition provisions which impacted Tier 2 capital, adjusted average assets, total leverage exposure and RWA, as applicable.


December 31, 2024 (in millions, except ratios)	Basel III Standardized						Basel III Advanced
	JPMorgan Chase & Co.			JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.			JPMorgan Chase & Co.				JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Risk-based capital metrics:(a)
CET1 capital	$	275,513		$	275,732		$	275,513			$	275,732
Tier 1 capital	294,881			275,737			294,881				275,737
Total capital	325,589			296,041			311,898			(b)	282,328			(b)
Risk-weighted assets	1,757,460			1,718,777			1,740,429			(b)	1,594,072			(b)
CET1 capital ratio	15.7		%	16.0		%	15.8		%		17.3		%
Tier 1 capital ratio	16.8			16.0			16.9				17.3
Total capital ratio	18.5			17.2			17.9				17.7


December 31, 2023 (in millions, except ratios)	Basel III Standardized						Basel III Advanced
	JPMorgan Chase & Co.			JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.			JPMorgan Chase & Co.				JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Risk-based capital metrics: (a)
CET1 capital	$	250,585		$	262,030		$	250,585			$	262,030
Tier 1 capital	277,306			262,032			277,306				262,032
Total capital	308,497			281,308			295,417			(b)	268,392			(b)
Risk-weighted assets	1,671,995			1,621,789			1,669,156			(b)	1,526,952			(b)
CET1 capital ratio	15.0		%	16.2		%	15.0		%		17.2		%
Tier 1 capital ratio	16.6			16.2			16.6				17.2
Total capital ratio	18.5			17.3			17.7				17.6

(a)The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.

(b)Includes the impacts of certain assets associated with First Republic to which the Standardized approach has been applied as permitted by the transition provisions in the U.S. capital rules.


Three months ended (in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
	JPMorgan Chase & Co.			JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.			JPMorgan Chase & Co.			JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Leverage-based capital metrics: (a)
Adjusted average assets(b)	$	4,070,499		$	3,491,283		$	3,831,200		$	3,337,842
Tier 1 leverage ratio	7.2		%	7.9		%	7.2		%	7.9		%
Total leverage exposure	$	4,837,568		$	4,246,516		$	4,540,465		$	4,038,739
SLR	6.1		%	6.5		%	6.1		%	6.5		%

(a)The capital metrics reflect the CECL capital transition provisions.

The entire disclosure for regulatory capital requirement for depository and lending institutions. Institutions include, but not are not limited to, finance company, insured depository institution, bank holding company, savings and loan association holding company, bank and savings institution not federally insured, mortgage company, foreign financial institution and credit union.

Pension and Other Postretirement Employee Benefit Plans - Fair Value Measurement of the Plans' Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	$ 22,201	$ 22,013
Total fair value
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	20,559	20,358
Level 1
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	6,910	6,521
Level 2
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	9,693	10,713
Level 3
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	3,956	3,124
Assets measured at fair value using NAV as a practical expedient
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Fair value of plan assets	2,101	2,097
Defined benefit pension plans
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Net defined benefit pension plan payables	$ (459)	$ (442)

Noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits

Deposits (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Deposits [Abstract]

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing deposits were as follows:


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included $28,904 and $75,393 at fair value)(a)	$	592,500	$	643,748
Interest-bearing (included $1,101 and $573 at fair value)(a)	1,345,914		1,303,100
Total deposits in U.S. offices	1,938,414		1,946,848
Non-U.S. offices
Noninterest-bearing (included $2,255 and $1,737 at fair value)(a)	26,806		23,097
Interest-bearing (included $1,508 and $681 at fair value)(a)	440,812		430,743
Total deposits in non-U.S. offices	467,618		453,840
Total deposits	$	2,406,032	$	2,400,688

(a)Includes structured notes classified as deposits for which the fair value option has been elected. Refer to Note 3 for further discussion.

Time deposits $250,000 or more

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, time deposits in denominations that met or exceeded the insured limit were as follows:


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
U.S. offices	$	149,239	$	132,654
Non-U.S. offices(a)	92,639		90,187
Total	$	241,878	$	222,841

(a)Represents all time deposits in non-U.S. offices as these deposits typically exceed the insured limit.

Time deposits, by maturity

As of December 31, 2024, the remaining maturities of interest-bearing time deposits were as follows:


December 31, (in millions)
	U.S.		Non-U.S.		Total
2025	$	222,676	$	89,427	$	312,103
2026	749		87		836
2027	482		2		484
2028	149		18		167
2029	314		721		1,035
After 5 years	162		129		291
Total	$	224,532	$	90,384	$	314,916

Business Combinations (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]

Computation of purchase price and fair value of the assets acquired net of liabilities assumed

The computation of the purchase price, the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as part of the First Republic acquisition and the related bargain purchase gain are presented below, which reflects adjustments made during the measurement period to the acquisition-date fair value of the net assets acquired. The measurement period ended on April 30, 2024.


	Fair value purchase price allocation as of May 1, 2023
(in millions)
Purchase price consideration
Amounts paid/due to the FDIC, net of cash acquired(a)	$	13,555
Purchase Money Note (at fair value)(b)	48,848
Settlement of First Republic deposit and other related party transactions(c)	5,447
Contingent consideration - Shared-loss agreements	15
Purchase price consideration	$	67,865

Assets
Securities	$	30,285
Loans	153,242
Core deposit and customer relationship intangibles	1,455
Indemnification assets - Shared-loss agreements	675
Accounts receivable and other assets(d)	6,740
Total assets acquired	$	192,397

Liabilities
Deposits	$	87,572
FHLB advances	27,919
Lending-related commitments	2,614
Accounts payable and other liabilities(d)	2,792
Deferred tax liabilities	757
Total liabilities assumed	$	121,654

Fair value of net assets acquired	$	70,743
Gain on acquisition, after income taxes	$	2,878

(a)Net of cash acquired of $680 million, and including disputed amounts with the FDIC as of April 30, 2024.

(b)As part of the consideration paid, JPMorganChase issued a five-year, $50 billion secured note to the FDIC (the "Purchase Money Note").

(c)Includes $447 million of securities financing transactions with First Republic Bank that were effectively settled on the acquisition date.

(d)Other assets include $1.2 billion in tax-oriented investments and $683 million of lease right-of-use assets. Other liabilities include the related tax-oriented investment liabilities of $669 million and lease liabilities of $748 million.

The following table presents the unpaid principal balance ("UPB") and fair values of the loans acquired as of May 1, 2023, and reflects adjustments made during the measurement period to the acquisition-date fair value of the loans acquired.



	May 1, 2023
(in millions)	UPB		Fair value
Residential real estate	$	106,240	$	92,053
Auto and other	3,093		2,030
Total consumer	109,333		94,083
Secured by real estate	37,117		33,602
Commercial & industrial	4,332		3,932
Other	23,499		21,625
Total wholesale	64,948		59,159
Total loans	$	174,281	$	153,242

Unaudited pro forma information

The following table presents certain unaudited pro forma financial information for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 as if the First Republic acquisition had occurred on January 1, 2022, including recognition of the estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.8 billion and the provision for credit losses of $1.2 billion. Additional adjustments include the interest on the Purchase Money Note and the impact of amortizing and accreting certain estimated fair value adjustments related to intangible assets, loans and lending-related commitments.

The Firm expects to achieve operating cost savings and other business synergies resulting from the acquisition that are not reflected in the pro forma amounts. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the historical results of operations had the acquisition occurred on January 1, 2022, nor is it indicative of the results of operations in future periods.


	Year ended December 31,
(in millions)	2023		2022
Noninterest revenue	$	65,816	$	66,510
Net interest income	90,856		71,005
Net income	48,665		41,089

Business Combinations

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Business Combination, Asset Acquisition, and Joint Venture Formation [Abstract]

Business Combinations

Business combinations

On May 1, 2023, JPMorganChase acquired certain assets and assumed certain liabilities of First Republic Bank (the "First Republic acquisition") from the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), as receiver. The acquisition resulted in a bargain purchase gain, which represents the excess of the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired above the purchase price.

The Firm has determined that this acquisition constitutes a business combination under U.S. GAAP. Accordingly, the initial recognition of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were generally measured at their estimated fair values as of May 1, 2023. The determination of those fair values required management to make certain market-based assumptions about expected future cash flows, discount rates and other valuation inputs at the time of the acquisition. The Firm believes that the fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed provide a reasonable basis for determining the estimated bargain purchase gain.

The First Republic acquisition resulted in a preliminary estimated bargain purchase gain of $2.7 billion. The final bargain purchase gain of $2.9 billion reflects adjustments of $103 million and $63 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, made during the one-year measurement period, as permitted by U.S. GAAP, to finalize management's fair value estimates for the assets acquired and liabilities assumed. As of December 31, 2024, certain matters related to the final settlement remained outstanding between the Firm and the FDIC.

On January 17, 2025, the Firm reached an agreement with the FDIC with respect to certain outstanding items. As a result of the agreement, the Firm made a payment of $609 million to the FDIC on January 31, 2025 and reduced its additional payable to the FDIC, which will result in a gain of approximately $600 million to be recorded in other income in the first quarter of 2025.

In connection with the First Republic acquisition, the Firm and the FDIC entered into two shared-loss agreements with respect to certain loans and lending-related commitments (the "shared-loss assets"): the Commercial Shared-Loss Agreement ("CSLA") and the Single-Family Shared-Loss Agreement (“SFSLA”). The CSLA covers 80% of credit losses, on a pari passu basis, over 5 years with a subsequent 3-year recovery period for certain acquired commercial loans and other real estate exposure. The SFSLA covers 80% of credit losses, on a pari passu basis, for 7 years for certain acquired loans secured by mortgages on real property or shares in cooperative property constituting a primary residence. The indemnification assets, which represent the fair value of the CSLA and SFSLA on the acquisition date, are reflected in the total assets acquired.

As part of the consideration paid, JPMorganChase issued a five-year, $50 billion secured note to the FDIC (the "Purchase Money Note"). The Purchase Money Note bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.4% and is secured by certain of the acquired loans. The Purchase Money Note is prepayable upon notice to the holder.

The Firm had placed a $5 billion deposit with First Republic Bank on March 16, 2023, as part of $30 billion of deposits provided by a consortium of large U.S. banks. The Firm's $5 billion deposit was effectively settled as part of the acquisition and the associated allowance for credit losses was released upon closing. The Firm subsequently repaid the remaining $25 billion of deposits to the consortium of banks, including accrued interest through the payment date on May 9, 2023.


	Fair value purchase price allocation as of May 1, 2023
(in millions)
Purchase price consideration
Amounts paid/due to the FDIC, net of cash acquired(a)	$	13,555
Purchase Money Note (at fair value)(b)	48,848
Settlement of First Republic deposit and other related party transactions(c)	5,447
Contingent consideration - Shared-loss agreements	15
Purchase price consideration	$	67,865

Assets
Securities	$	30,285
Loans	153,242
Core deposit and customer relationship intangibles	1,455
Indemnification assets - Shared-loss agreements	675
Accounts receivable and other assets(d)	6,740
Total assets acquired	$	192,397

Liabilities
Deposits	$	87,572
FHLB advances	27,919
Lending-related commitments	2,614
Accounts payable and other liabilities(d)	2,792
Deferred tax liabilities	757
Total liabilities assumed	$	121,654

Fair value of net assets acquired	$	70,743
Gain on acquisition, after income taxes	$	2,878

(a)Net of cash acquired of $680 million, and including disputed amounts with the FDIC as of April 30, 2024.

(b)As part of the consideration paid, JPMorganChase issued a five-year, $50 billion secured note to the FDIC (the "Purchase Money Note").

(c)Includes $447 million of securities financing transactions with First Republic Bank that were effectively settled on the acquisition date.

The following describes the accounting policies and fair value methodologies generally used by the Firm for the following assets acquired and liabilities assumed: core deposit and customer relationship intangibles, shared-loss agreements and the related indemnification assets, Purchase Money Note, and FHLB advances.

For further discussion of the Firm’s accounting policies and valuation methodologies, refer to Notes 2 and 3 for fair value measurement, Note 10 for investment securities, Note 12 for loans, Note 17 for deposits, and Note 28 for lending-related commitments.

Core deposit and customer relationship intangibles

Core deposit and certain wealth management customer relationship intangibles were acquired as part of the First Republic acquisition. The core deposit intangible of $1.3 billion was valued by discounting estimated after-tax cost savings over the remaining useful life of the deposits using the favorable source of funds method. The after-tax cost savings were estimated based on the difference between the cost of maintaining the core deposit base relative to the cost of next best alternative funding sources available to market participants. The customer relationship intangibles of $180 million were valued by discounting estimated after-tax earnings over their remaining useful lives using the multi-period excess earnings

method. Both intangible asset valuations utilized assumptions that the Firm believes a market participant would use to estimate fair values, such as growth and attrition rates, projected fee income as well as related costs to service the relationships, and discount rates. The core deposit and customer relationship intangibles are amortized over a projected period of future cash flows of approximately 7 years. Refer to Note 15 for further discussion on other intangible assets.

Indemnification assets - Shared-loss agreements

The indemnification assets represent forecasted recoveries from the FDIC associated with the shared-loss assets over the respective shared-loss recovery periods. The indemnification assets were recorded at fair value in other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets on the acquisition date. The fair values of the indemnification assets were estimated based on the timing of the forecasted losses underlying the related allowance for credit losses. The subsequent quarterly remeasurement of the indemnification assets is based on changes in the amount and timing of forecasted losses in the allowance for credit losses associated with the shared-loss assets and is recorded in other income. Under certain circumstances, the Firm may be required to make a payment to the FDIC upon termination of the shared-loss agreements based on the level of actual losses and recoveries on the shared-loss assets. The estimated potential future payment is reflected as contingent consideration as part of the purchase price consideration.

Purchase Money Note and FHLB advances

The Purchase Money Note is recorded in long-term debt on the Consolidated balance sheets. The fair value of the Purchase Money Note was estimated based on a discounted cash flow methodology and incorporated estimated market discount rates.

The FHLB advances assumed in the acquisition are recorded in short-term borrowings and in long-term debt. The fair values of the FHLB advances were based on a discounted cash flow methodology and considered the observed FHLB advance issuance rates.

Loans



	May 1, 2023
(in millions)	UPB		Fair value
Residential real estate	$	106,240	$	92,053
Auto and other	3,093		2,030
Total consumer	109,333		94,083
Secured by real estate	37,117		33,602
Commercial & industrial	4,332		3,932
Other	23,499		21,625
Total wholesale	64,948		59,159
Total loans	$	174,281	$	153,242

Unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information


	Year ended December 31,
(in millions)	2023		2022
Noninterest revenue	$	65,816	$	66,510
Net interest income	90,856		71,005
Net income	48,665		41,089

Leases - Future Payments Under Operating Leases (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Leases [Abstract]
2025	$ 1,709
2026	1,553
2027	1,412
2028	1,248
2029	1,048
After 2029	3,721
Total future minimum lease payments	10,691
Less: Imputed interest	(1,791)
Total	$ 8,900	$ 8,833

Loans - Credit Card Loan Portfolio, Delinquency Information (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Total retained loans	$ 1,299,590	$ 1,280,870	$ 1,089,598
Total gross charge-offs	10,519	7,653	$ 4,326
Credit card
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Revolving loans within revolving period	231,414	210,117
Revolving loans converted to term loans	1,446	1,006
Total retained loans	$ 232,860	$ 211,123
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Revolving loans within the revolving period	2.11%	2.09%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans, Revolving loans converted to term loans	11.20%	12.33%
% of 30 plus days past due to total retained loans	2.17%	2.14%
% of 90 plus days past due to total retained loans, Revolving loans within the revolving period	1.12%	1.03%
% of 90 plus days past due to total retained loans, Revolving loans converted to term loans	3.67%	3.98%
% of 90 plus days past due to total retained loans	1.14%	1.05%
Gross charge-offs originated within the revolving period	$ 7,951	$ 5,325
Gross charge-offs originated converted to term loans	247	166
Total gross charge-offs	8,198	5,491
Credit card \| Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Revolving loans within revolving period	226,532	205,731
Revolving loans converted to term loans	1,284	882
Total retained loans	227,816	206,613
Credit card \| 30–89 days past due and still accruing
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Revolving loans within revolving period	2,291	2,217
Revolving loans converted to term loans	109	84
Total retained loans	2,400	2,301
Credit card \| 90 or more days past due and still accruing
Loans and Leases Receivable Disclosure [Line Items]
Revolving loans within revolving period	2,591	2,169
Revolving loans converted to term loans	53	40
Total retained loans	$ 2,644	$ 2,209

Variable Interest Entities - Securitization Activity (Details) - Nonconsolidated entities - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Residential mortgage
Securitization activity [Abstract]
Principal securitized	$ 19,988	$ 7,678	$ 10,218
All cash flows during the period:
Proceeds received from loan sales as financial instruments	19,870	7,251	9,783
Servicing fees collected	35	24	62
Cash flows received on interests	$ 405	$ 325	$ 489
Weighted-average life (in years)	4 years 3 months 18 days	9 years 7 months 6 days	10 years 9 months 18 days
Weighted-average discount rate	7.10%	4.80%	4.00%
Commercial and other
Securitization activity [Abstract]
Principal securitized	$ 17,683	$ 3,901	$ 9,036
All cash flows during the period:
Proceeds received from loan sales as financial instruments	17,346	3,896	8,921
Servicing fees collected	35	5	2
Cash flows received on interests	$ 1,303	$ 425	$ 285
Weighted-average life (in years)	4 years 6 months	3 years	5 years 10 months 24 days
Weighted-average discount rate	6.20%	4.60%	2.90%

Employee Share-Based Incentives - Compensation Expense (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Noncash compensation expense related to employee stock-based incentive plans
Cost of prior grants of RSUs, PSUs and SARs that are amortized over their applicable vesting periods	$ 1,622	$ 1,510	$ 1,253
Accrual of estimated costs of share-based awards to be granted in future periods, predominantly those to full-career eligible employees	1,882	1,607	1,541
Total noncash compensation expense related to employee share-based incentive plans	3,504	$ 3,117	$ 2,794
Compensation cost related to unvested awards not charged to net income	$ 963
Weighted-average period for cost expected to be amortized into compensation expense	1 year 7 months 6 days

Investment Securities - Realized Gains and Losses and Provision for Credit Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Securities gains and losses
Realized gains	$ 593	$ 622	$ 198
Realized losses	(1,614)	(3,802)	(2,578)
Investment securities losses	(1,021)	(3,180)	(2,380)
Provision for credit losses	$ 24	$ 38	$ 54

Audit Information	12 Months Ended
Audit Information	Dec. 31, 2024
Audit Information [Abstract]
Auditor Firm ID	238
Auditor Name	PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Auditor Location	New York, NY 10017

Securities Financing Activities

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Securities Financing Transactions Disclosures [Abstract]

Securities Financing Activities

Securities financing activities

JPMorganChase enters into resale, repurchase, securities borrowed and securities loaned agreements (collectively, “securities financing agreements”) primarily to finance the Firm’s inventory positions, acquire securities to cover short sales, accommodate customers’ financing needs, settle other securities obligations and to deploy the Firm’s excess cash.

Securities financing agreements are treated as collateralized financings on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets. Where appropriate under applicable accounting guidance, securities financing agreements with the same counterparty are reported on a net basis. Refer to Note 1 for further discussion of the offsetting of assets and liabilities. Fees received and paid in connection with securities financing agreements are recorded over the life of the agreement in interest income and interest expense on the Consolidated statements of income.

The Firm has elected the fair value option for certain securities financing agreements. Refer to Note 3 for further information regarding the fair value option. The securities financing agreements for which the fair value option has been elected are reported within securities purchased under resale agreements, securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements, and securities borrowed on the Consolidated balance sheets. Generally, for agreements carried at fair value, current-period interest accruals are recorded within interest income and interest expense, with changes in fair value reported in principal transactions revenue. However, for financial instruments containing embedded derivatives that would be separately accounted for in accordance with accounting guidance for hybrid instruments, all changes in fair value, including any interest elements, are reported in principal transactions revenue.

Securities financing agreements not elected under the fair value option are measured at amortized cost. As a result of the Firm’s credit risk mitigation practices described below, the Firm did not hold any allowance for credit losses with respect to resale and securities borrowed arrangements as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

Credit risk mitigation practices

Securities financing agreements expose the Firm primarily to credit and liquidity risk. To manage these risks, the Firm monitors the value of the underlying securities (predominantly high-quality securities collateral, including government-issued debt and U.S. GSEs and government agencies MBS) that it has received from or provided to its counterparties compared to the value of cash proceeds and exchanged collateral, and either requests additional collateral or returns securities or collateral when appropriate. Margin levels are initially established based upon the counterparty, the type of underlying securities, and the permissible collateral, and are monitored on an ongoing basis.

In resale and securities borrowed agreements, the Firm is exposed to credit risk to the extent that the value of the securities received is less than initial cash principal advanced and any collateral amounts exchanged. In repurchase and securities loaned agreements, credit risk exposure arises to the extent that the value of underlying securities advanced exceeds the value of the initial cash principal received, and any collateral amounts exchanged.

Additionally, the Firm typically enters into master netting agreements and other similar arrangements with its counterparties, which provide for the right to liquidate the underlying securities and any collateral amounts exchanged in the event of a counterparty default. It is also the Firm’s policy to take possession, where possible, of the securities underlying resale and securities borrowed agreements. Refer to Note 29 for further information regarding assets pledged and collateral received in securities financing agreements.


	December 31, 2024
(in millions)	Gross amounts		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets		Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets		Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)		Net amounts(c)
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements	$	607,154	$	(312,183)	$	294,971	$	(282,220)	$	12,751
Securities borrowed	267,917		(48,371)		219,546		(170,702)		48,844
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	603,683	$	(312,183)	$	291,500	$	(249,763)	$	41,737
Securities loaned and other(a)	58,989		(48,371)		10,618		(10,557)		61


	December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Gross amounts		Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets		Amounts presented on the Consolidated balance sheets		Amounts not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets(b)		Net amounts(c)
Assets
Securities purchased under resale agreements	$	523,308	$	(247,181)	$	276,127	$	(267,582)	$	8,545
Securities borrowed	244,046		(43,610)		200,436		(144,543)		55,893
Liabilities
Securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	459,985	$	(247,181)	$	212,804	$	(182,011)	$	30,793
Securities loaned and other(a)	52,142		(43,610)		8,532		(8,501)		31

(a)Includes securities-for-securities lending agreements of $5.9 billion and $5.6 billion at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, accounted for at fair value, where the Firm is acting as lender.


	Gross liability balance
	2024				2023
December 31, (in millions)	Securities sold under repurchase agreements		Securities loaned and other		Securities sold under repurchase agreements		Securities loaned and other
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	$	82,645	$	—	$	71,064	$	—
Residential - nonagency	2,610		—		2,292		—
Commercial - nonagency	2,344		—		2,669		—
U.S. Treasury, GSEs and government agencies	300,022		759		216,467		1,034
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	1,872		—		2,323		—
Non-U.S. government debt	117,614		1,852		97,400		1,455
Corporate debt securities	44,495		4,033		39,247		2,025
Asset-backed securities	4,619		—		2,703		—
Equity securities	47,462		52,345		25,820		47,628
Total	$	603,683	$	58,989	$	459,985	$	52,142


	Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Overnight and continuous		Up to 30 days		30 – 90 days		Greater than 90 days		Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	308,392	$	171,346	$	19,932	$	104,013	$	603,683
Total securities loaned and other	54,066		1,463		1		3,459		58,989


	Remaining contractual maturity of the agreements
December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Overnight and continuous		Up to 30 days		30 – 90 days		Greater than 90 days		Total
Total securities sold under repurchase agreements	$	259,048	$	102,941	$	20,960	$	77,036	$	459,985
Total securities loaned and other	49,610		1,544		—		988		52,142

Transfers not qualifying for sale accounting

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Firm held $805 million and $505 million, respectively, of financial assets for which the rights have been transferred to third parties; however, the transfers did not qualify as a sale in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These transfers have been recognized as collateralized financing transactions. The transferred assets are recorded in trading assets and loans, and the corresponding liabilities are recorded primarily in short-term borrowings and long-term debt on the Consolidated balance sheets.

Loans - Consumer, Excluding Credit Card Loan Portfolio, Residential Real Estate, Payment Status of FDMs and Defaults of FDMs (Details) - Consumer, excluding credit card - Residential real estate - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	$ 206	$ 136
FDMs that defaulted	93	0
Current
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	139	107
30–149 days past due
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	47	13
150 or more days past due
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
Amortized cost of FDMs during the last 12 months	$ 20	$ 16

Consolidated Statements of Income - USD ($) shares in Millions, $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Revenue
Investment banking fees	$ 8,910	$ 6,519	$ 6,686
Principal transactions	24,787	24,460	19,912
Lending- and deposit-related fees	7,606	7,413	7,098
Asset management fees	17,801	15,220	14,096
Commissions and other fees	7,530	6,836	6,581
Investment securities losses	(1,021)	(3,180)	(2,380)
Mortgage fees and related income	1,401	1,176	1,250
Card income	5,497	4,784	4,420
Other income	12,462	5,609	4,322
Noninterest revenue	84,973	68,837	61,985
Interest income	193,933	170,588	92,807
Interest expense	101,350	81,321	26,097
Net interest income	92,583	89,267	66,710
Total net revenue	177,556	158,104	128,695
Provision for credit losses	10,678	9,320	6,389
Noninterest expense
Compensation expense	51,357	46,465	41,636
Occupancy expense	5,026	4,590	4,696
Technology, communications and equipment expense	9,831	9,246	9,358
Professional and outside services	11,057	10,235	10,174
Marketing	4,974	4,591	3,911
Other expense	9,552	12,045	6,365
Total noninterest expense	91,797	87,172	76,140
Income/(loss) before income tax expense/(benefit)	75,081	61,612	46,166
Income tax expense	16,610	12,060	8,490
Net income/(loss)	58,471	49,552	37,676
Basic net income applicable to common stockholders	56,868	47,760	35,892
Diluted net income applicable to common stockholders	$ 56,868	$ 47,760	$ 35,892
Net income per common share data
Basic earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 19.79	$ 16.25	$ 12.10
Diluted earnings per share (in dollars per share)	$ 19.75	$ 16.23	$ 12.09
Weighted-average basic shares (in shares)	2,873.9	2,938.6	2,965.8
Weighted-average diluted shares (in shares)	2,879.0	2,943.1	2,970.0

Variable Interest Entities - Schedule of Options to Repurchase Delinquent Loans (Details) - Nonconsolidated entities - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Loans repurchased or option to repurchase	$ 577	$ 597
Real estate owned/Foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans	6	8
Residential mortgage
Variable Interest Entity [Line Items]
Real estate owned/Foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans	$ 10	$ 22

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

Goodwill, Mortgage Servicing Rights, and Other Intangible Assets - Mortgage Servicing Rights (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Mortgage servicing rights activity
Fair value at beginning of period	$ 8,522	$ 7,973	$ 5,494
MSR activity:
Originations of MSRs	325	253	798
Purchase of MSRs	601	1,028	1,400
Disposition of MSRs	(21)	(188)	(822)
Net additions/(dispositions)	905	1,093	1,376
Changes due to collection/realization of expected cash flows	(1,068)	(1,011)	(936)
Changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions:
Changes due to market interest rates and other	670	424	2,022
Changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions:
Projected cash flows (e.g., cost to service)	102	(22)	14
Discount rates	14	14	0
Prepayment model changes and other	(24)	51	3
Total changes in valuation due to other inputs and assumptions	92	43	17
Total changes in valuation due to inputs and assumptions	762	467	2,039
Fair value at December 31,	9,121	8,522	7,973
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) included in income related to MSRs held at December 31,	$ 762	$ 467	$ 2,039
Contractually Specified Servicing Fee Income Statement Of Income Or Comprehensive Income Extensible Enumeration Not Disclosed Flag	Contractual service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees included in income	Contractual service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees included in income	Contractual service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees included in income
Contractual service fees, late fees and other ancillary fees included in income	$ 1,606	$ 1,590	$ 1,535
Third-party mortgage loans serviced at December 31,	652,000	632,000	584,000
Servicer advances, net of an allowance for uncollectible amounts, at December 31,	$ 577	$ 659	$ 758

Common Stock (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Schedule of stock by class


	Shares(a)		Carrying value (in millions)				Issue date	Contractual rate in effect at December 31, 2024		Earliest redemption date(b)	Floating annualized rate(c)		Dividend declared per share(d)
	December 31,		December 31,										Year ended December 31,
	2024	2023	2024		2023								2024			2023			2022
Fixed-rate:



Series DD	169,625	169,625	1,696		1,696		9/21/2018	5.750		12/1/2023	NA		575.00			575.00			575.00
Series EE	185,000	185,000	1,850		1,850		1/24/2019	6.000		3/1/2024	NA		600.00			600.00			600.00
Series GG	90,000	90,000	900		900		11/7/2019	4.750		12/1/2024	NA		475.00			475.00			475.00
Series JJ	150,000	150,000	1,500		1,500		3/17/2021	4.550		6/1/2026	NA		455.00			455.00			455.00
Series LL	185,000	185,000	1,850		1,850		5/20/2021	4.625		6/1/2026	NA		462.52			462.52			462.52
Series MM	200,000	200,000	2,000		2,000		7/29/2021	4.200		9/1/2026	NA		420.00			420.00			420.00

Fixed-to-floating rate:
Series I	—	—	$	—	$	—	4/23/2008	—	%	4/30/2018	—	%	$	—		$	—		$	375.03
Series Q	—	150,000	—		1,500		4/23/2013	—		5/1/2023	SOFR + 3.25		220.45			801.41		(g)	515.00
Series R	—	150,000	—		1,500		7/29/2013	—		8/1/2023	SOFR + 3.30		221.70			756.73		(h)	600.00
Series S	—	200,000	—		2,000		1/22/2014	—		2/1/2024	SOFR + 3.78		233.70		(e)	675.00			675.00
Series U	—	100,000	—		1,000		3/10/2014	—		4/30/2024	SOFR + 3.33		153.13			612.50			612.50
Series V	—	—	—		—		6/9/2014	—		7/1/2019	—		—			—			340.91
Series X	—	160,000	—		1,600		9/23/2014	—		10/1/2024	SOFR + 3.33		457.50			610.00			610.00

Series CC	125,750	125,750	1,258		1,258		10/20/2017	SOFR + 2.58		11/1/2022	SOFR + 2.58		812.73			804.08			526.27		(i)
Series FF	—	225,000	—		2,250		7/31/2019	—		8/1/2024	SOFR + 3.38		250.00			500.00			500.00
Series HH	300,000	300,000	3,000		3,000		1/23/2020	4.600		2/1/2025	SOFR + 3.125		460.00			460.00			460.00
Series II	150,000	150,000	1,500		1,500		2/24/2020	4.000		4/1/2025	SOFR + 2.745		400.00			400.00			400.00
Series KK	200,000	200,000	2,000		2,000		5/12/2021	3.650		6/1/2026	CMT + 2.85		365.00			365.00			365.00
Series NN	250,000	NA	2,496		NA		3/12/2024	6.875		6/1/2029	CMT + 2.737		494.63		(f)	NA			NA
Total preferred stock	2,005,375	2,740,375	$	20,050	$	27,404

(a)Represented by depositary shares.

(b)Each series of fixed-to-floating rate preferred stock converts to a floating rate at the earliest redemption date.

(f)The initial dividend declared was prorated based on the number of days outstanding for the period. Dividends were declared quarterly thereafter at the contractual rate.

Common shares issued which were reissued from treasury by the Firm during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were as follows.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024	2023	2022
Total issued – balance at January 1	4,104.9	4,104.9	4,104.9
Treasury – balance at January 1	(1,228.3)	(1,170.7)	(1,160.8)
Repurchase	(91.7)	(69.5)	(23.1)
Reissuance:
Employee benefits and compensation plans	11.9	10.9	12.0
Employee stock purchase plans	0.8	1.0	1.2
Total reissuance	12.7	11.9	13.2
Total treasury – balance at December 31	(1,307.3)	(1,228.3)	(1,170.7)
Outstanding at December 31	2,797.6	2,876.6	2,934.2

Schedule of common equity repurchases

The following table sets forth the Firm’s repurchases of common stock for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022(b)
Total number of shares of common stock repurchased	91.7		69.5		23.1
Aggregate purchase price of common stock repurchases(a)	$	18,841	$	9,898	$	3,122

(a)Excludes excise tax and commissions. As part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, a 1% excise tax is imposed on net share repurchases commencing January 1, 2023.

(b)In the second half of 2022, the Firm temporarily suspended share repurchases, which it resumed in the first quarter of 2023 under its common share repurchase program.

Regulatory Capital - Risk-Based Capital Metrics (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Basel III Standardized \| JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
CET1 capital	$ 275,732	$ 262,030
Tier 1 capital	275,737	262,032
Total capital	296,041	281,308
Risk-weighted assets	$ 1,718,777	$ 1,621,789
CET1 capital ratio	16.00%	16.20%
Tier 1 capital ratio	0.160	0.162
Total capital ratio	0.172	0.173
Basel III Advanced \| JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A.
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
CET1 capital	$ 275,732	$ 262,030
Tier 1 capital	275,737	262,032
Total capital	282,328	268,392
Risk-weighted assets	$ 1,594,072	$ 1,526,952
CET1 capital ratio	17.30%	17.20%
Tier 1 capital ratio	0.173	0.172
Total capital ratio	0.177	0.176
JPMorgan Chase & Co. \| Basel III Standardized
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
CET1 capital	$ 275,513	$ 250,585
Tier 1 capital	294,881	277,306
Total capital	325,589	308,497
Risk-weighted assets	$ 1,757,460	$ 1,671,995
CET1 capital ratio	15.70%	15.00%
Tier 1 capital ratio	0.168	0.166
Total capital ratio	0.185	0.185
JPMorgan Chase & Co. \| Basel III Advanced
Compliance with Regulatory Capital Requirements under Banking Regulations [Line Items]
CET1 capital	$ 275,513	$ 250,585
Tier 1 capital	294,881	277,306
Total capital	311,898	295,417
Risk-weighted assets	$ 1,740,429	$ 1,669,156
CET1 capital ratio	15.80%	15.00%
Tier 1 capital ratio	0.169	0.166
Total capital ratio	0.179	0.177

Pension and Other Postretirement Employee Benefit Plans - Investment Strategy and Weighted Average Asset Allocation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Billions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Investments sponsored or managed by affiliates	$ 1.8	$ 1.8
Defined benefit pension plans \| Debt securities \| Minimum \| U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Asset allocation	41.00%
Defined benefit pension plans \| Debt securities \| Maximum \| U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Asset allocation	100.00%
Defined benefit pension plans \| Equity securities \| Minimum \| U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Asset allocation	0.00%
Defined benefit pension plans \| Equity securities \| Maximum \| U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Asset allocation	40.00%
Defined benefit pension plans \| Real estate \| Minimum \| U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Asset allocation	0.00%
Defined benefit pension plans \| Real estate \| Maximum \| U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Asset allocation	1.00%
Defined benefit pension plans \| Alternatives \| Minimum \| U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Asset allocation	0.00%
Defined benefit pension plans \| Alternatives \| Maximum \| U.S.
Defined Benefit Plan Disclosure [Line Items]
Asset allocation	8.00%

Fair Value Option (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Changes in fair value under the fair value option election


	2024							2023							2022
December 31, (in millions)	Principal transactions		All other income			Total changes in fair value recorded(e)		Principal transactions		All other income			Total changes in fair value recorded(e)		Principal transactions		All other income			Total changes in fair value recorded(e)
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	$	144	$	—		$	144	$	300	$	—		$	300	$	(384)	$	—		$	(384)
Securities borrowed	347		—			347		164		—			164		(499)		—			(499)
Trading assets:
Debt and equity instruments, excluding loans	7,205		—			7,205		3,656		—			3,656		(1,703)		—			(1,703)
Loans reported as trading assets:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk	346		—			346		248		—			248		(136)		—			(136)
Other changes in fair value	9		10		(c)	19		3		5		(c)	8		(59)		—			(59)
Loans:
Changes in instrument-specific credit risk	517		(6)		(c)	511		322		(4)		(c)	318		(242)		21		(c)	(221)
Other changes in fair value	75		371		(c)	446		427		216		(c)	643		(1,421)		(794)		(c)	(2,215)
Other assets	63		—			63		282		(4)		(d)	278		39		(6)		(d)	33
Deposits(a)	(3,398)		—			(3,398)		(2,582)		—			(2,582)		901		—			901
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	(12)		—			(12)		(121)		—			(121)		181		—			181
Short-term borrowings(a)	(922)		—			(922)		(567)		—			(567)		473		—			473
Trading liabilities	(1)		—			(1)		(24)		—			(24)		43		—			43
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	—		—			—		—		—			—		(1)		—			(1)
Other liabilities	(11)		—			(11)		(16)		—			(16)		(11)		—			(11)
Long-term debt(a)(b)	(2,711)		(6)		(c)(d)	(2,717)		(5,875)		(78)		(c)(d)	(5,953)		8,990		98		(c)(d)	9,088

(c)Reported in mortgage fees and related income.

(d)Reported in other income.

Difference between aggregate fair value and aggregate remaining contractual principal balance outstanding


	2024							2023
December 31, (in millions)	Contractual principal outstanding			Fair value		Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding		Contractual principal outstanding			Fair value		Fair value over/(under) contractual principal outstanding
Loans
Nonaccrual loans
Loans reported as trading assets	$	3,429		$	464	$	(2,965)	$	2,987		$	588	$	(2,399)
Loans	1,711			1,492		(219)		838			732		(106)
Subtotal	5,140			1,956		(3,184)		3,825			1,320		(2,505)
90 or more days past due and government guaranteed
Loans(a)	50			45		(5)		65			59		(6)
All other performing loans(b)
Loans reported as trading assets	12,171			10,852		(1,319)		9,547			7,968		(1,579)
Loans(c)	40,342			39,813		(529)		38,948			38,060		(888)
Subtotal	52,513			50,665		(1,848)		48,495			46,028		(2,467)
Total loans	$	57,703		$	52,666	$	(5,037)	$	52,385		$	47,407	$	(4,978)
Long-term debt
Principal-protected debt	$	57,414	(e)	$	47,780	$	(9,634)	$	47,768	(e)	$	38,882	$	(8,886)
Nonprincipal-protected debt(d)	NA			53,000		NA		NA			49,042		NA
Total long-term debt	NA			$	100,780	NA		NA			$	87,924	NA
Long-term beneficial interests
Nonprincipal-protected debt(d)	NA			$	1	NA		NA			$	1	NA
Total long-term beneficial interests	NA			$	1	NA		NA			$	1	NA

(a)These balances are excluded from nonaccrual loans as the loans are insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies.

(b)There were no performing loans that were ninety days or more past due as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(c)Includes loans insured and/or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies less than 90 days past due.

Fair value option, structured notes by balance sheet classification and primary embedded derivative risk

The following table presents the fair value of structured notes, by balance sheet classification and the primary risk type.


	December 31, 2024									December 31, 2023
(in millions)	Long-term debt		Short-term borrowings		Deposits			Total		Long-term debt		Short-term borrowings		Deposits			Total
Risk exposure
Interest rate	$	46,220	$	1,065	$	28,871		$	76,156	$	38,604	$	654	$	74,526		$	113,784
Credit	6,213		1,242		—			7,455		5,444		350		—			5,794
Foreign exchange	2,309		1,058		416			3,783		2,605		941		187			3,733
Equity	44,149		7,881		2,986			55,016		38,685		5,483		2,905			47,073
Commodity	1,331		62		1		(a)	1,394		1,862		11		1		(a)	1,874
Total structured notes	$	100,222	$	11,308	$	32,274		$	143,804	$	87,200	$	7,439	$	77,619		$	172,258

(a)Excludes deposits linked to precious metals for which the fair value option has not been elected of $869 million and $627 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Variable Interest Entities - Consolidated VIE Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions

Dec. 31, 2024

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm

$ 637,784

$ 540,607

1,323,643

1,301,286

178,197

159,308

4,002,814

^[1]

3,875,393

^[1]

$ 3,665,743

27,323

23,020

VIEs consolidated by the Firm

^[1]

3,658,056

3,547,515

Information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm

3,885

2,170

36,510

37,611

681

591

41,076

40,372

27,323

23,020

454

263

Beneficial interests in VIE assets, long term

27,777

23,283

5,500

3,100

Firm-sponsored credit card trusts | VIEs consolidated by the Firm

Information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm

13,531

9,460

168

117

13,699

9,577

5,312

2,998

Firm-administered multi-seller conduits | VIEs consolidated by the Firm

5,322

3,004

Information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm

20,383

27,372

133

194

20,517

27,567

18,228

17,781

Municipal bond vehicles | VIEs consolidated by the Firm

18,254

17,811

Information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm

3,388

2,056

3,410

2,078

3,617

2,116

Mortgage securitization entities | VIEs consolidated by the Firm

3,632

2,127

Information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm

630

693

638

701

115

125

Other | VIEs consolidated by the Firm

163

182

Information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm

496

113

1,966

350

250

2,812

449

355

159

Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]

$ 406

$ 159

[1]


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Assets
Trading assets	$	3,885	$	2,170
Loans	36,510		37,611
All other assets	681		591
Total assets	$	41,076	$	40,372
Liabilities
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	$	27,323	$	23,020
All other liabilities	454		263
Total liabilities	$	27,777	$	23,283

Investment Securities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Available-for-sale securities amortized costs and estimated fair values

The amortized costs and estimated fair values of the investment securities portfolio were as follows for the dates indicated.


	2024								2023
December 31, (in millions)	Amortized cost(d)(e)		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		Amortized cost(d)(e)		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	$	95,671	$	251	$	4,029	$	91,893	$	88,377	$	870	$	4,077		$	85,170
Residential:
U.S.	4,242		16		50		4,208		2,086		10		68			2,028
Non-U.S.	600		3		—		603		1,608		4		1			1,611
Commercial	4,115		20		70		4,065		2,930		12		139			2,803
Total mortgage-backed securities	104,628		290		4,149		100,769		95,001		896		4,285			91,612
U.S. Treasury and government agencies	235,495		545		1,261		234,779		58,051		276		522			57,805
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	18,337		110		534		17,913		21,243		390		266			21,367
Non-U.S. government debt securities	36,655		94		504		36,245		21,387		254		359			21,282
Corporate debt securities	71		—		1		70		128		—		28			100
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	14,887		59		3		14,943		6,769		11		28			6,752
Other	2,125		17		9		2,133		2,804		8		26			2,786
Unallocated portfolio layer fair value basis adjustments(a)	(1,153)		—		(1,153)		NA		73		(73)		—			NA
Total available-for-sale securities	411,045		1,115		5,308		406,852		205,456		1,762		5,514			201,704
Held-to-maturity securities(b)
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	97,177		6		13,531		83,652		105,614		39		11,643			94,010
U.S. Residential	8,605		4		904		7,705		9,709		4		970			8,743
Commercial	8,817		24		389		8,452		10,534		13		581			9,966
Total mortgage-backed securities	114,599		34		14,824		99,809		125,857		56		13,194			112,719
U.S. Treasury and government agencies	108,632		—		11,212		97,420		173,666		—		13,074			160,592
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	9,310		32		631		8,711		9,945		74		591			9,428
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	40,573		84		14		40,643		58,565		47		352			58,260
Other	1,354		2		39		1,317		1,815		1		61			1,755
Total held-to-maturity securities(c)	274,468		152		26,720		247,900		369,848		178		27,272			342,754
Total investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	685,513	$	1,267	$	32,028	$	654,752	$	575,304	$	1,940	$	32,786		$	544,458

(b)The Firm purchased $4.7 billion, $4.1 billion and $33.7 billion of HTM securities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(d)The amortized cost of investment securities is reported net of allowance for credit losses of $152 million, $128 million and $96 million at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Held-to-maturity securities amortized costs and estimated fair values

The amortized costs and estimated fair values of the investment securities portfolio were as follows for the dates indicated.


	2024								2023
December 31, (in millions)	Amortized cost(d)(e)		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		Amortized cost(d)(e)		Gross unrealized gains		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	$	95,671	$	251	$	4,029	$	91,893	$	88,377	$	870	$	4,077		$	85,170
Residential:
U.S.	4,242		16		50		4,208		2,086		10		68			2,028
Non-U.S.	600		3		—		603		1,608		4		1			1,611
Commercial	4,115		20		70		4,065		2,930		12		139			2,803
Total mortgage-backed securities	104,628		290		4,149		100,769		95,001		896		4,285			91,612
U.S. Treasury and government agencies	235,495		545		1,261		234,779		58,051		276		522			57,805
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	18,337		110		534		17,913		21,243		390		266			21,367
Non-U.S. government debt securities	36,655		94		504		36,245		21,387		254		359			21,282
Corporate debt securities	71		—		1		70		128		—		28			100
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	14,887		59		3		14,943		6,769		11		28			6,752
Other	2,125		17		9		2,133		2,804		8		26			2,786
Unallocated portfolio layer fair value basis adjustments(a)	(1,153)		—		(1,153)		NA		73		(73)		—			NA
Total available-for-sale securities	411,045		1,115		5,308		406,852		205,456		1,762		5,514			201,704
Held-to-maturity securities(b)
Mortgage-backed securities:
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	97,177		6		13,531		83,652		105,614		39		11,643			94,010
U.S. Residential	8,605		4		904		7,705		9,709		4		970			8,743
Commercial	8,817		24		389		8,452		10,534		13		581			9,966
Total mortgage-backed securities	114,599		34		14,824		99,809		125,857		56		13,194			112,719
U.S. Treasury and government agencies	108,632		—		11,212		97,420		173,666		—		13,074			160,592
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	9,310		32		631		8,711		9,945		74		591			9,428
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	40,573		84		14		40,643		58,565		47		352			58,260
Other	1,354		2		39		1,317		1,815		1		61			1,755
Total held-to-maturity securities(c)	274,468		152		26,720		247,900		369,848		178		27,272			342,754
Total investment securities, net of allowance for credit losses	$	685,513	$	1,267	$	32,028	$	654,752	$	575,304	$	1,940	$	32,786		$	544,458

(b)The Firm purchased $4.7 billion, $4.1 billion and $33.7 billion of HTM securities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

(d)The amortized cost of investment securities is reported net of allowance for credit losses of $152 million, $128 million and $96 million at December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Securities impairment


	Available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more
Year ended December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		Total fair value		Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential:
U.S.	$	1,505	$	6	$	925	$	44	$	2,430	$	50
Non-U.S.	—		—		30		—		30		—
Commercial	763		8		1,184		62		1,947		70
Total mortgage-backed securities	2,268		14		2,139		106		4,407		120
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	10,037		233		2,412		301		12,449		534
Non-U.S. government debt securities	14,234		234		4,184		270		18,418		504
Corporate debt securities	9		—		30		1		39		1
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	2		—		375		3		377		3
Other	214		1		200		8		414		9
Total available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses	$	26,764	$	482	$	9,340	$	689	$	36,104	$	1,171


	Available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more
Year ended December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		Fair value		Gross unrealized losses		Total fair value		Total gross unrealized losses
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities:
Residential:
U.S.	$	81	$	—	$	1,160	$	68	$	1,241	$	68
Non-U.S.	—		—		722		1		722		1
Commercial	228		3		1,775		136		2,003		139
Total mortgage-backed securities	309		3		3,657		205		3,966		208
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities	2,134		20		2,278		246		4,412		266
Non-U.S. government debt securities	7,145		23		4,987		336		12,132		359
Corporate debt securities	9		—		79		28		88		28
Asset-backed securities:
Collateralized loan obligations	932		2		3,744		26		4,676		28
Other	208		1		1,288		25		1,496		26
Total available-for-sale securities with gross unrealized losses	$	10,737	$	49	$	16,033	$	866	$	26,770	$	915

Securities gains and losses and provision for credit loss


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Realized gains	$	593	$	622	$	198
Realized losses	(1,614)		(3,802)		(2,578)
Investment securities losses	$	(1,021)	$	(3,180)	$	(2,380)
Provision for credit losses	$	24	$	38	$	54

Amortized cost and estimated fair value by contractual maturity

The following table presents the amortized cost and estimated fair value at December 31, 2024, of JPMorganChase’s investment securities portfolio by contractual maturity.


By remaining maturity December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Due in one year or less			Due after one year through five years			Due after five years through 10 years			Due after 10 years(c)			Total
Available-for-sale securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost	$	132		$	9,410		$	4,059		$	91,027		$	104,628
Fair value	130			9,345			4,041			87,253			100,769
Average yield(a)	3.32		%	4.58		%	5.25		%	4.75		%	4.75		%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Amortized cost	$	20,685		$	169,162		$	38,667		$	6,981		$	235,495
Fair value	20,730			169,145			38,619			6,285			234,779
Average yield(a)	4.50		%	4.57		%	4.96		%	5.53		%	4.65		%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Amortized cost	$	4		$	16		$	92		$	18,225		$	18,337
Fair value	4			16			90			17,803			17,913
Average yield(a)	1.59		%	3.95		%	4.46		%	5.32		%	5.32		%
Non-U.S. government debt securities
Amortized cost	$	13,331		$	11,769		$	7,609		$	3,946		$	36,655
Fair value	13,327			11,701			7,403			3,814			36,245
Average yield(a)	4.24		%	4.32		%	2.82		%	4.15		%	3.96		%
Corporate debt securities
Amortized cost	$	106		$	9		$	5		$	—		$	120
Fair value	57			9			4			—			70
Average yield(a)	14.09		%	4.06		%	4.19		%	—		%	12.92		%
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost	$	—		$	368		$	1,609		$	15,035		$	17,012
Fair value	—			370			1,619			15,087			17,076
Average yield(a)	—		%	6.14		%	6.04		%	5.96		%	5.97		%
Total available-for-sale securities
Amortized cost(b)	$	34,258		$	190,734		$	52,041		$	135,214		$	412,247
Fair value	34,248			190,586			51,776			130,242			406,852
Average yield(a)	4.42		%	4.56		%	4.70		%	4.98		%	4.70		%
Held-to-maturity securities
Mortgage-backed securities
Amortized cost	$	104		$	7,994		$	6,077		$	100,495		$	114,670
Fair value	101			7,453			5,352			86,903			99,809
Average yield(a)	0.97		%	2.63		%	2.67		%	2.95		%	2.92		%
U.S. Treasury and government agencies
Amortized cost	$	20,083		$	40,497		$	48,052		$	—		$	108,632
Fair value	19,500			37,715			40,205			—			97,420
Average yield(a)	0.43		%	1.23		%	1.25		%	—		%	1.09		%
Obligations of U.S. states and municipalities
Amortized cost	$	—		$	9		$	307		$	9,026		$	9,342
Fair value	—			9			276			8,426			8,711
Average yield(a)	—		%	4.76		%	3.25		%	3.97		%	3.95		%
Asset-backed securities
Amortized cost	$	—		$	134		$	22,433		$	19,360		$	41,927
Fair value	—			134			22,466			19,360			41,960
Average yield(a)	—		%	5.94		%	5.57		%	5.73		%	5.65		%
Total held-to-maturity securities
Amortized cost(b)	$	20,187		$	48,634		$	76,869		$	128,881		$	274,571
Fair value	19,601			45,311			68,299			114,689			247,900
Average yield(a)	0.43		%	1.47		%	2.63		%	3.44		%	2.64		%

Tabular disclosure of investment in debt security measured at fair value with change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income (available-for-sale).

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-9

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 3
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-3

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (b)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Subparagraph (c)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147481800/320-10-50-2

Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 320
-SubTopic 10
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Tabular disclosure of information about investment in debt security measured at amortized cost (held-to-maturity).

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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating activities
Net income	$ 58,471	$ 49,552	$ 37,676
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses	10,678	9,320	6,389
Depreciation and amortization	7,938	7,512	7,051
Deferred tax (benefit)/expense	2,004	(4,534)	(2,738)
Estimated bargain purchase gain associated with the First Republic acquisition	(103)	(2,775)	0
Initial gain on the Visa share exchange	(7,990)	0	0
Other	1,985	4,301	5,174
Originations and purchases of loans held-for-sale	(212,238)	(115,245)	(149,167)
Proceeds from sales, securitizations and paydowns of loans held-for-sale	205,303	116,430	167,709
Net change in:
Trading assets	(95,729)	(74,091)	(31,449)
Securities borrowed	(18,762)	(14,902)	20,203
Accrued interest and accounts receivable	5,735	19,928	(22,970)
Other assets	(7,650)	32,970	(2,882)
Trading liabilities	2,276	5,315	11,170
Accounts payable and other liabilities	(90)	(25,388)	58,614
Other operating adjustments	6,160	4,581	2,339
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities	(42,012)	12,974	107,119
Net change in:
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements	(18,706)	39,740	(54,278)
Held-to-maturity securities:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities	99,363	53,056	48,626
Purchases	(4,709)	(4,141)	(33,676)
Available-for-sale securities:
Proceeds from paydowns and maturities	38,499	53,744	39,159
Proceeds from sales	104,625	108,434	84,616
Purchases	(352,712)	(115,499)	(126,258)
Proceeds from sales and securitizations of loans held-for-investment	57,921	47,312	44,892
Other changes in loans, net	(83,176)	(88,343)	(128,968)
Net cash used in First Republic Acquisition	(2,362)	(9,920)	0
All other investing activities, net	(2,146)	(16,740)	(11,932)
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities	(163,403)	67,643	(137,819)
Net change in:
Deposits	3,299	(32,196)	(136,895)
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	80,288	13,801	8,455
Short-term borrowings	7,439
Short-term borrowings		(1,934)	(8,984)
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	1,543	9,029	2,205
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	109,915	75,417	78,442
Payments of long-term borrowings	(96,605)	(64,880)	(45,556)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock	2,500	0	0
Redemption of preferred stock	(9,850)	0	(7,434)
Treasury stock repurchased	(18,830)	(9,824)	(3,162)
Dividends paid	(14,783)	(13,463)	(13,562)
All other financing activities, net	(1,469)	(1,521)	234
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities	63,447	(25,571)	(126,257)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and due from banks and deposits with banks	(12,866)	1,871	(16,643)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and due from banks and deposits with banks	(154,834)	56,917	(173,600)
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at the beginning of the period	624,151	567,234	740,834
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at the end of the period	469,317	624,151	567,234
Cash interest paid	99,642	77,114	23,143
Cash income taxes paid, net	$ 11,715	$ 9,908	$ 4,355

Variable Interest Entities - Loan Delinquencies and Liquidation Losses (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Securitized loans
Information about delinquencies, net charge-offs, and components of off-balance sheet securitized financial assets [Abstract]
90 days past due	$ 2,329	$ 3,445
Net liquidation losses / (recoveries)	89	79
Commercial and other \| Securitized loans
Information about delinquencies, net charge-offs, and components of off-balance sheet securitized financial assets [Abstract]
90 days past due	1,715	2,874
Net liquidation losses / (recoveries)	77	60
Nonconsolidated entities
Information about delinquencies, net charge-offs, and components of off-balance sheet securitized financial assets [Abstract]
Securitized assets	178,203	160,893
Nonconsolidated entities \| Commercial and other
Information about delinquencies, net charge-offs, and components of off-balance sheet securitized financial assets [Abstract]
Securitized assets	125,510	120,262
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs \| Residential mortgage \| Securitized loans
Information about delinquencies, net charge-offs, and components of off-balance sheet securitized financial assets [Abstract]
90 days past due	501	440
Net liquidation losses / (recoveries)	10	14
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs \| Nonconsolidated entities \| Residential mortgage
Information about delinquencies, net charge-offs, and components of off-balance sheet securitized financial assets [Abstract]
Securitized assets	50,846	39,319
Subprime \| Residential mortgage \| Securitized loans
Information about delinquencies, net charge-offs, and components of off-balance sheet securitized financial assets [Abstract]
90 days past due	113	131
Net liquidation losses / (recoveries)	2	5
Subprime \| Nonconsolidated entities \| Residential mortgage
Information about delinquencies, net charge-offs, and components of off-balance sheet securitized financial assets [Abstract]
Securitized assets	$ 1,847	$ 1,312

Income Taxes

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income taxes

JPMorganChase and its eligible subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return. JPMorganChase uses the asset and liability method to provide for income taxes on all transactions recorded in the Consolidated Financial Statements. This method requires that income taxes reflect the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets or liabilities for book and tax purposes. Accordingly, a deferred tax asset or liability for each temporary difference is determined based on the tax rates that the Firm expects to be in effect when the underlying items of income and expense are realized. JPMorganChase’s expense for income taxes includes the current and deferred portions of that expense. A valuation allowance is established to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount the Firm expects to realize.

Due to the inherent complexities arising from the nature of the Firm’s businesses, and from conducting business and being taxed in a substantial number of jurisdictions, significant judgments and estimates are required to be made. Agreement of tax liabilities between JPMorganChase and the many tax jurisdictions in which the Firm files tax returns may not be finalized for several years. Thus, the Firm’s final tax-related assets and liabilities may ultimately be different from those currently reported.

Effective January 1, 2024, the Firm adopted updates to the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method guidance, under the modified retrospective method. Refer to Notes 1, 6 and 14 for additional information.

Effective tax rate and expense

The following table presents a reconciliation of the applicable statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to the effective tax rate.


Effective tax rate
Year ended December 31,	2024		2023			2022
Statutory U.S. federal tax rate	21.0	%	21.0	%		21.0	%
Increase/(decrease) in tax rate resulting from:
U.S. state and local income taxes, net of U.S. federal income tax benefit	3.1		2.8			3.5
Tax-exempt income	(0.7)		(0.9)			(0.9)
Non-U.S. earnings	1.4		1.5			0.4
Business tax credits	(2.4)		(4.4)			(5.4)

Other, net	(0.3)		(0.4)			(0.2)
Effective tax rate	22.1	%	19.6	%	(a)	18.4	%

(a)Income tax expense associated with the First Republic acquisition was reflected in the estimated bargain purchase gain, which resulted in a reduction in the Firm’s effective tax rate.

The following table reflects the components of income tax expense/(benefit) included in the Consolidated statements of income.


Income tax expense/(benefit)
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Current income tax expense/(benefit)
U.S. federal	$	7,091	$	8,973	$	5,606
Non-U.S.	4,753		4,355		2,992
U.S. state and local	2,762		3,266		2,630
Total current income tax expense/(benefit)	14,606		16,594		11,228

Deferred income tax expense/(benefit)
U.S. federal	1,771		(3,475)		(2,004)
Non-U.S.	72		35		(154)
U.S. state and local	161		(1,094)		(580)
Total deferred income tax expense/(benefit)	2,004		(4,534)		(2,738)
Total income tax expense	$	16,610	$	12,060	$	8,490

Total income tax expense includes $314 million, $68 million and $331 million of tax benefits in 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively, resulting from the resolution of tax audits.

Tax effect of items recorded in stockholders’ equity

The preceding table does not reflect the tax effect of certain items that are recorded each period directly in stockholders’ equity, which are predominantly reflected in OCI as disclosed in Note 24. For the year ended December 31, 2024, stockholders’ equity reflected the tax effect associated with the Firm’s adoption of the Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method guidance. For the year ended December 31, 2023, stockholders’ equity reflected the tax effect associated with the Firm’s adoption of the TDR accounting guidance. Both of the respective adoptions were recognized in retained earnings. Refer to Note 1, 6 and 14 for further information.

Results from U.S. and non-U.S. earnings

The following table presents the U.S. and non-U.S. components of income before income tax expense.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
U.S.	$	59,472	$	46,868	$	34,626
Non-U.S.(a)	15,609		14,744		11,540
Income before income tax expense	$	75,081	$	61,612	$	46,166

(a)For purposes of this table, non-U.S. income is defined as income generated from operations located outside the U.S.

The Firm will recognize any U.S. income tax expense it may incur on global intangible low tax income as income tax expense in the period in which the tax is incurred.

Deferred taxes

Deferred income tax expense/(benefit) reflects the differences between assets and liabilities measured for financial reporting purposes versus income tax return purposes. Deferred tax assets are recognized if, in management’s judgment, their realizability is determined to be more likely than not. If a deferred tax asset is determined to be unrealizable, a valuation allowance is established. The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are reflected in the following table, the net deferred tax assets are reflected in other assets on the Firm’s Consolidated balance sheets.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for loan losses	$	6,117	$	5,809
Employee benefits	1,165		1,247
Accrued expenses and other	8,881		9,887		(a)
Depreciation and amortization	386		—
Non-U.S. operations	948		860
Tax attribute carryforwards	352		290
Gross deferred tax assets	17,849		18,093
Valuation allowance	(249)		(183)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance	$	17,600	$	17,910

Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation and amortization	$	—	$	779
Mortgage servicing rights, net of hedges	1,912		1,794
Leasing transactions	2,249		2,254
Other, net	1,264		2,935
Gross deferred tax liabilities	5,425		7,762
Net deferred tax assets	$	12,175	$	10,148

(a)Includes the estimated net deferred tax asset associated with the First Republic acquisition.

JPMorganChase has recorded deferred tax assets of $352 million at December 31, 2024 in connection with tax attribute carryforwards. State and local capital loss carryforwards were $914 million, U.S. federal NOL carryforwards were $496 million, non-U.S. NOL carryforwards were $958 million, and other U.S. federal tax attributes were $111 million. If not utilized, a portion of the U.S. federal NOL carryforwards and other U.S. federal tax attributes will expire between 2026 and 2036 whereas others have an unlimited carryforward period. Similarly, certain non-U.S. NOL carryforwards will expire between 2026 and 2041 whereas others have an unlimited carryforward period. The state and local capital loss carryforwards will expire in 2026.

The valuation allowance at December 31, 2024, was predominantly driven by certain non-U.S. deferred tax assets, including NOL carryforwards.

Unrecognized tax benefits

At December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, JPMorganChase’s unrecognized tax benefits, excluding related interest expense and penalties, were $6.2 billion, $5.4 billion and $5.0 billion, respectively, of which $4.4 billion, $3.9 billion and $3.8 billion, respectively, if recognized, would reduce the annual effective tax rate. Included in the amount of unrecognized tax benefits are certain items that would not affect the effective tax rate if they were recognized in the Consolidated statements of income. These unrecognized items include the tax effect of certain temporary differences, the portion of gross state and local unrecognized tax benefits that would be offset by the benefit from associated U.S. federal income tax deductions, and the portion of gross non-U.S. unrecognized tax benefits that would have offsets in other jurisdictions. JPMorganChase evaluates the need for changes in unrecognized tax benefits based on its anticipated tax return filing positions as part of its U.S. federal and state and local tax returns. In addition, the Firm is presently under audit by a number of taxing authorities, most notably by the Internal Revenue Service, as summarized in the Tax examination status table below. The evaluation of unrecognized tax benefits as well as the potential for audit settlements make it reasonably possible that over the next 12 months the gross balance of unrecognized tax benefits may increase or decrease by as much as approximately $2.4 billion. The change in the unrecognized tax benefit would result in a payment or income statement recognition.

The following table presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits.


(in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Balance at January 1,	$	5,401	$	5,043	$	4,636
Increases based on tax positions related to the current period	1,721		1,440		1,234
Increases based on tax positions related to prior periods	92		37		123
Decreases based on tax positions related to prior periods	(907)		(1,110)		(824)
Decreases related to cash settlements with taxing authorities	(148)		(9)		(126)

Balance at December 31,	$	6,159	$	5,401	$	5,043

After-tax interest expense/(benefit) and penalties related to income tax liabilities recognized in income tax expense were $288 million, $229 million and $141 million in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, in addition to the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, the Firm had accrued $1.7 billion and $1.6 billion, respectively, for income tax-related interest and penalties.

Tax examination status

JPMorganChase is continually under examination by the Internal Revenue Service, by taxing authorities throughout the world, and by many state and local jurisdictions throughout the U.S. The following table summarizes the status of tax years that remain subject to income tax examination of JPMorganChase and its consolidated subsidiaries by significant jurisdictions as of December 31, 2024.


	Periods under examination	Status
JPMorganChase – U.S.	2011 – 2013	Field examination of amended returns; certain matters at Appellate level
JPMorganChase – U.S.	2014 - 2020	Field examination of original and amended returns; certain matters at Appellate level
JPMorganChase – New York City	2015 - 2018	Field Examination
JPMorganChase – U.K.	2017 – 2022	Field examination of certain select entities

The entire disclosure for income tax.

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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21

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-Paragraph 17
-Subparagraph (b)
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Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2

Income Taxes - Unrecognized Tax Benefits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]
Unrecognized tax benefits	$ 6,159	$ 5,401	$ 5,043
Unrecognized tax benefits that would impact effective tax rate	4,400	3,900	3,800
Amount of potential increase or decrease in gross balance of unrecognized tax benefits	2,400
Reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits
Balance at January 1,	5,401	5,043	4,636
Increases based on tax positions related to the current period	1,721	1,440	1,234
Increases based on tax positions related to prior periods	92	37	123
Decreases based on tax positions related to prior periods	(907)	(1,110)	(824)
Decreases related to cash settlements with taxing authorities	(148)	(9)	(126)
Balance at December 31,	6,159	5,401	5,043
Income tax expense, penalties and interest expense
Penalties and interest expense/(benefit)	288	229	$ 141
Penalties and interest accrued	$ 1,700	$ 1,600

Common Stock

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Common Stock

Common stock

At December 31, 2024 and 2023, JPMorganChase was authorized to issue 9.0 billion shares of common stock with a par value of $1 per share.

Common shares issued which were reissued from treasury by the Firm during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 were as follows.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024	2023	2022
Total issued – balance at January 1	4,104.9	4,104.9	4,104.9
Treasury – balance at January 1	(1,228.3)	(1,170.7)	(1,160.8)
Repurchase	(91.7)	(69.5)	(23.1)
Reissuance:
Employee benefits and compensation plans	11.9	10.9	12.0
Employee stock purchase plans	0.8	1.0	1.2
Total reissuance	12.7	11.9	13.2
Total treasury – balance at December 31	(1,307.3)	(1,228.3)	(1,170.7)
Outstanding at December 31	2,797.6	2,876.6	2,934.2

On June 28, 2024, the Firm announced that its Board of Directors had authorized a new $30 billion common share repurchase program, effective July 1, 2024. Through June 30, 2024, the Firm was authorized to purchase up to $30 billion of common shares under its previously-approved common share repurchase program that was announced on April 13, 2022.

The following table sets forth the Firm’s repurchases of common stock for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022(b)
Total number of shares of common stock repurchased	91.7		69.5		23.1
Aggregate purchase price of common stock repurchases(a)	$	18,841	$	9,898	$	3,122

(a)Excludes excise tax and commissions. As part of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, a 1% excise tax is imposed on net share repurchases commencing January 1, 2023.

(b)In the second half of 2022, the Firm temporarily suspended share repurchases, which it resumed in the first quarter of 2023 under its common share repurchase program.

The Board of Directors’ authorization to repurchase common shares is utilized at management’s discretion. The $30 billion common share repurchase program approved by the Board of Directors does not establish specific price targets or timetables. Management determines the amount and timing of common share repurchases based on various factors, including market conditions; legal and regulatory considerations affecting the amount and timing of repurchase activity; the Firm’s capital position (taking into account goodwill and intangibles); organic capital generation; current and proposed future capital requirements; and other investment opportunities. The amount of common shares that the Firm repurchases in any period may be substantially more or less than the amounts estimated or actually repurchased in prior periods, reflecting the dynamic nature of the decision-making process. The Firm’s common share repurchases may be suspended by management at any time; and may be executed through open market purchases or privately negotiated transactions, or utilizing Rule 10b5-1 plans, which are written trading plans that the Firm may enter into from time to time under Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and which allow the Firm to repurchase its common shares during periods when it may otherwise not be repurchasing common shares — for example, during internal trading blackout periods.

As of December 31, 2024, approximately 58.8 million shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under various employee incentive, compensation, option and stock purchase plans, and directors’ compensation plans.

The entire disclosure for equity.

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Loans - Consumer, Excluding Credit Card Loan Portfolio, Residential Real Estate, Financial Effects of TDRs and Defaults (Details) - Consumer, excluding credit card - Residential real estate $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Maximum
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Number of years before payment default under a modified loan	1 year
Permanent Modification
Financing Receivable, Impaired [Line Items]
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – before TDR	4.75%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – after TDR	3.35%
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – before TDR	22 years
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – after TDR	38 years
Charge-offs recognized upon permanent modification	$ 1
Principal deferred	16
Principal forgiven	2
Balance of loans that defaulted within one year of permanent modification	$ 147

Deposits - Time Deposits (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Deposit Liability [Line Items]
Total	$ 241,878	$ 222,841
U.S. offices
Deposit Liability [Line Items]
Total	149,239	132,654
Non-U.S. offices
Deposit Liability [Line Items]
Total	$ 92,639	$ 90,187

Loans - Wholesale Loan Portfolio, Geographic Distribution and Delinquency (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 1,299,590	$ 1,280,870	$ 1,089,598
Wholesale
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	690,396	672,472	$ 603,670
Wholesale \| Criticized nonaccrual
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	3,942	2,346
Wholesale \| Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	683,244	667,341
Wholesale \| 30–89 days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	2,938	2,447
Wholesale \| 90 or more days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	272	338
Wholesale \| Total U.S.
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	564,912	549,636
Wholesale \| Total non-U.S.
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	125,484	122,836
Secured by real estate \| Wholesale
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	162,432	162,338
Secured by real estate \| Wholesale \| Criticized nonaccrual
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	1,439	401
Secured by real estate \| Wholesale \| Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	159,949	161,314
Secured by real estate \| Wholesale \| 30–89 days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	918	473
Secured by real estate \| Wholesale \| 90 or more days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	126	150
Secured by real estate \| Wholesale \| Total U.S.
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	159,209	159,499
Secured by real estate \| Wholesale \| Total non-U.S.
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	3,223	2,839
Commercial and industrial \| Wholesale
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	166,790	167,166
Commercial and industrial \| Wholesale \| Criticized nonaccrual
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	1,760	1,221
Commercial and industrial \| Wholesale \| Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	164,104	164,899
Commercial and industrial \| Wholesale \| 30–89 days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	868	884
Commercial and industrial \| Wholesale \| 90 or more days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	58	162
Commercial and industrial \| Wholesale \| Total U.S.
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	127,626	127,638
Commercial and industrial \| Wholesale \| Total non-U.S.
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	39,164	39,528
Other \| Wholesale
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	361,174	342,968
Other \| Wholesale \| Criticized nonaccrual
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	743	724
Other \| Wholesale \| Current
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	359,191	341,128
Other \| Wholesale \| 30–89 days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	1,152	1,090
Other \| Wholesale \| 90 or more days past due and still accruing
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	88	26
Other \| Wholesale \| Total U.S.
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	278,077	262,499
Other \| Wholesale \| Total non-U.S.
Financing Receivable, Past Due [Line Items]
Retained loans	$ 83,097	$ 80,469

Basis of Presentation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
Basis of Presentation (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Mar. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022	Dec. 31, 2021
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Decrease to retained earnings		$ (344,758)	$ (327,878)	$ (292,332)
Income tax expense		16,610	12,060	8,490
Percentage increase in effective tax rate due to accounting standard adopted	2.00%
Retained earnings
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Decrease to retained earnings		$ (376,166)	(332,901)	(296,456)	$ (272,268)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Income tax expense	$ 450
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles \| Retained earnings
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Decrease to retained earnings			$ 161	(449)
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principles \| Retained earnings \| Accounting Standards Update 2022-02
New Accounting Pronouncements or Change in Accounting Principle [Line Items]
Decrease to retained earnings				$ (446)

Amount of current income tax expense (benefit) and deferred income tax expense (benefit) pertaining to continuing operations.

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Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

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-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480175/815-40-65-1

Reference 97: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 65
-Paragraph 1
-Subparagraph (f)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147480175/815-40-65-1

Reference 98: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 99: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 100: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Amount of equity (deficit) attributable to parent. Excludes temporary equity and equity attributable to noncontrolling interest.

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Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
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Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 323
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Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
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Variable Interest Entities [Abstract]

Noninterest Revenue and Noninterest Expense - Commissions and Other Fees (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Noninterest Income (Expense) [Abstract]
Brokerage commissions and fees	$ 3,119	$ 2,820	$ 2,831
Administration fees	2,526	2,310	2,348
All other commissions and fees	1,885	1,706	1,402
Total commissions and other fees	$ 7,530	$ 6,836	$ 6,581

Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Assets
Trading assets	$ 637,784	$ 540,607
Available-for-sale securities, amortized cost, net of allowance for credit losses	411,045	205,456
Available-for-sale securities	406,852	201,704
Loans	41,350	38,851
Other assets	$ 178,197	$ 159,308
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1	$ 1
Preferred stock, shares authorized (in shares)	200,000,000	200,000,000
Preferred stock, shares issued (in shares)	2,005,375	2,740,375
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1	$ 1
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	9,000,000,000	9,000,000,000
Common stock, shares issued (in shares)	4,104,933,895	4,104,933,895
Treasury stock, shares (in shares)	1,307,313,494	1,228,275,301
Assets that may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties
Assets
Trading assets	$ 136,070	$ 128,994
Available-for-sale securities	10,162	9,219
Other assets	6,288	6,764
Recurring
Assets
Federal funds sold and securities purchased under resale agreements at fair value	286,771	259,813
Securities borrowed	83,962	70,086
Trading assets	637,784	540,565
Available-for-sale securities	406,852	201,704
Loans	41,350	38,851
Liabilities
Deposits	33,768	78,384
Federal funds purchased and securities loaned or sold under repurchase agreements	226,329	169,003
Short-term borrowings	26,521	20,042
Accounts payable and other liabilities	5,893	5,637
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	1	1
Long-term debt	100,780	87,924
Recurring \| Other assets
Assets
Other assets	$ 15,122	$ 12,306

Off-balance Sheet Lending-related Financial Instruments, Guarantees, and Other Commitments (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total lending-related commitments/ contractual amount	$ 1,577,622	$ 1,497,847
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	1,144,265
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	215,916
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	180,473
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	36,968
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Carrying value	3,689	4,139
Total consumer
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total lending-related commitments/ contractual amount	1,046,155	961,061
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	1,022,982
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	7,254
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	4,606
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	11,313
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Carrying value	571	826
Total consumer, excluding credit card
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total lending-related commitments/ contractual amount	44,844	45,403
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	21,671
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	7,254
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	4,606
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	11,313
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Carrying value	571	826
Residential real estate
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total lending-related commitments/ contractual amount	30,349	30,125
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	10,838
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	7,240
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	4,601
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	7,670
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Carrying value	534	678
Residential real estate \| First Republic
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Carrying value	459	630
Auto and other
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total lending-related commitments/ contractual amount	14,495	15,278
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	10,833
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	14
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	5
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	3,643
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Carrying value	37	148
Auto and other \| First Republic
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Carrying value	37	148
Credit card
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total lending-related commitments/ contractual amount	1,001,311	915,658
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	1,001,311
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	0
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	0
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	0
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Carrying value	0	0
Total wholesale
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total lending-related commitments/ contractual amount	531,467	536,786
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	121,283
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	208,662
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	175,867
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	25,655
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Carrying value	3,118	3,313
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total lending-related commitments/ contractual amount	498,437	503,526
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	101,500
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	199,878
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	172,066
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	24,993
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Carrying value	2,608	2,797
Off balance sheet lending related financial instruments guarantees and other commitments - supplemental information
Risk participations for other unfunded commitments to extend credit	85	88
Other unfunded commitments to extend credit \| First Republic
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Carrying value	699	1,100
Standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total lending-related commitments/ contractual amount	28,676	28,872
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	15,825
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	8,506
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	3,780
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	565
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Carrying value	473	479
Other guarantees and commitments, Carrying value	379	369
Off balance sheet lending related financial instruments guarantees and other commitments - supplemental information
Risk participations for standby letters of credit and other financial guarantees	9,500	8,200
Other letters of credit
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Total lending-related commitments/ contractual amount	4,354	4,388
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	3,958
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	278
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	21
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	97
Off-balance sheet lending-related financial commitments, Carrying value	37	37
Other guarantees and commitments, Carrying value	0	0
Off balance sheet lending related financial instruments guarantees and other commitments - supplemental information
Risk participations for other letters of credit	556	589
Securities lending indemnification agreements and guarantees
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount	310,046	283,664
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	310,046
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	0
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	0
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	0
Other guarantees and commitments, Carrying value	0	0
Off balance sheet lending related financial instruments guarantees and other commitments - supplemental information
Indemnification agreement securities lending guarantees collateral held in support of	328,700	300,300
Derivatives qualifying as guarantees
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount	49,628	54,562
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	902
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	343
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	9,890
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	38,493
Other guarantees and commitments, Carrying value	113	89
Unsettled resale and securities borrowed agreements
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount	115,939	95,106
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	115,939
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	0
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	0
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	0
Other guarantees and commitments, Carrying value	2	0
Unsettled repurchase and securities loaned agreements
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount	66,986	60,724
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	66,986
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	0
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	0
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	0
Other guarantees and commitments, Carrying value	(2)	0
Mortgage repurchase liability
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications, Mortgage repurchase liability, Carrying value	45	76
Loans sold with recourse
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications, Loans sold with recourse, Contractual amount	1,189	803
Loan sale and securitization-related indemnifications, Loans sold with recourse, Carrying value	23	24
Exchange & clearing house guarantees and commitments
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount	401,486	265,887
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	401,486
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	0
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	0
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	0
Other guarantees and commitments, Carrying value	0	0
Other guarantees and commitments
Fair Value, Off-balance Sheet Risks, Disclosure Information [Line Items]
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount	12,396	15,074
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring in 1 year or less	10,652
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 1 year through 3 years	425
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 3 years through 5 years	435
Other guarantees and commitments, Contractual amount, Expiring after 5 years	884
Other guarantees and commitments, Carrying value	$ 28	$ 38

Variable Interest Entities (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Schedule of significant types of variable interest entities by business segment


Line of Business	Transaction Type	Activity	2024 Form 10-K page references
CCB	Credit card securitization trusts	Securitization of originated credit card receivables	pages 271–272
	Mortgage securitization trusts	Servicing and securitization of both originated and purchased residential mortgages	pages 272–274
CIB	Mortgage and other securitization trusts	Securitization of both originated and purchased residential and commercial mortgages, and other consumer loans	pages 272–274
	Multi-seller conduits	Assisting clients in accessing the financial markets in a cost-efficient manner and structuring transactions to meet investor needs	page 274
	Municipal bond vehicles	Financing of municipal bond investments	pages 274–275

Firm-sponsored mortgage and other consumer securitization trusts


	Principal amount outstanding						JPMorganChase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Total assets held by securitization VIEs		Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs		Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement		Trading assets		Investment securities		Other financial assets		Total interests held by JPMorganChase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs	$	71,085	$	615	$	50,846	$	613	$	1,850	$	614	$	3,077
Subprime	8,824		—		1,847		44		19		—		63
Commercial and other(b)	186,293		243		125,510		530		5,768		1,074		7,372
Total	$	266,202	$	858	$	178,203	$	1,187	$	7,637	$	1,688	$	10,512


	Principal amount outstanding						JPMorganChase interest in securitized assets in nonconsolidated VIEs(c)(d)(e)
December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Total assets held by securitization VIEs		Assets held in consolidated securitization VIEs		Assets held in nonconsolidated securitization VIEs with continuing involvement		Trading assets		Investment securities		Other financial assets		Total interests held by JPMorganChase
Securitization-related(a)
Residential mortgage:
Prime/Alt-A and option ARMs	$	58,570	$	675	$	39,319	$	595	$	1,981	$	60	$	2,636
Subprime	8,881		—		1,312		3		—		—		3
Commercial and other(b)	168,042		—		120,262		831		5,638		1,354		7,823
Total	$	235,493	$	675	$	160,893	$	1,429	$	7,619	$	1,414	$	10,462

(a)Excludes U.S. GSEs and government agency securitizations and re-securitizations, which are not Firm-sponsored.

(b)Consists of securities backed by commercial real estate loans and non-mortgage-related consumer receivables.

(d)Includes interests held in re-securitization transactions.

Schedule of re-securitizations

The following table presents the principal amount of securities transferred to re-securitization VIEs.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Transfers of securities to VIEs
U.S. GSEs and government agencies	$	44,456	$	18,864	$	16,128

The following table presents information on the Firm's interests in nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs.


December 31, (in millions)	Nonconsolidated re-securitization VIEs
	2024		2023
U.S. GSEs and government agencies
Interest in VIEs	$	3,219	$	3,371

Information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs that are consolidated by the Firm

The following table presents information on assets and liabilities related to VIEs consolidated by the Firm as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.


	Assets									Liabilities
December 31, 2024 (in millions)	Trading assets		Loans			Other(c)		Total assets(d)		Beneficial interests in VIE assets(e)		Other(f)		Total liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts	$	—	$	13,531		$	168	$	13,699	$	5,312	$	10	$	5,322
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits	1		20,383			133		20,517		18,228		26		18,254
Municipal bond vehicles	3,388		—			22		3,410		3,617		15		3,632
Mortgage securitization entities(a)	—		630			8		638		115		48		163
Other	496		1,966		(b)	350		2,812		51		355		406
Total	$	3,885	$	36,510		$	681	$	41,076	$	27,323	$	454	$	27,777

	Assets									Liabilities
December 31, 2023 (in millions)	Trading assets		Loans			Other(c)		Total assets(d)		Beneficial interests in VIE assets(e)		Other(f)		Total liabilities
VIE program type
Firm-sponsored credit card trusts	$	—	$	9,460		$	117	$	9,577	$	2,998	$	6	$	3,004
Firm-administered multi-seller conduits	1		27,372			194		27,567		17,781		30		17,811
Municipal bond vehicles	2,056		—			22		2,078		2,116		11		2,127
Mortgage securitization entities(a)	—		693			8		701		125		57		182
Other	113		86			250		449		—		159		159
Total	$	2,170	$	37,611		$	591	$	40,372	$	23,020	$	263	$	23,283

(a)Includes residential mortgage securitizations.

(b)Primarily includes consumer loans in CIB.

(c)Includes assets classified as cash and other assets on the Consolidated balance sheets.

(f)Includes liabilities classified as accounts payable and other liabilities on the Consolidated balance sheets.

Programs under proportional amortization method

The following table provides information on tax-oriented investments for which the Firm elected to apply the proportional amortization method.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Alternative energy and affordable housing programs(d)
	2024		2023		2022
Programs for which the Firm elected proportional amortization:
Carrying value(a)	$	31,978	$	14,644	$	12,052
Tax credits and other tax benefits(b)	6,379		2,044		1,786
Investments that qualify to be accounted for using proportional amortization:
Amortization losses recognized as a component of income tax expense	(5,018)		(1,561)		(1,353)
Non-income-tax-related gains/(losses) and other returns received that are recognized outside of income tax expense(c)	142		(1)		(1)

(b)Reflected in Income tax expense on the Consolidated statements of income and Operating activities on the Consolidated statements of cash flows.

(c)Recorded in Other income on the Consolidated statements of income and Operating activities on the Consolidated statements of cash flows.

(d)As of December 31, 2023 and 2022 represents eligible affordable housing investments.

Securitization activities


	2024				2023				2022
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Residential mortgage(d)		Commercial and other(e)		Residential mortgage(d)		Commercial and other(e)		Residential mortgage(d)		Commercial and other(e)
Principal securitized	$	19,988	$	17,683	$	7,678	$	3,901	$	10,218	$	9,036
All cash flows during the period:(a)
Proceeds received from loan sales as financial instruments(b)(c)	$	19,870	$	17,346	$	7,251	$	3,896	$	9,783	$	8,921
Servicing fees collected	35		35		24		5		62		2
Cash flows received on interests	405		1,303		325		425		489		285

(a)Excludes re-securitization transactions.

(b)Primarily includes Level 2 assets.

(c)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.

(d)Represents prime mortgages. Excludes loan securitization activity related to U.S. GSEs and government agencies.

(e)Includes commercial mortgages and auto loans.

Key assumptions used to value retained interests originated during the year are shown in the table below.


Year ended December 31,	2024		2023		2022
Residential mortgage retained interest:
Weighted-average life (in years)	4.3		9.6		10.8
Weighted-average discount rate	7.1	%	4.8	%	4.0	%
Commercial and other retained interest:
Weighted-average life (in years)	4.5		3.0		5.9
Weighted-average discount rate	6.2	%	4.6	%	2.9	%

Summary of loan sale activities

The following table summarizes the activities related to loans sold to the U.S. GSEs, and loans in securitization transactions pursuant to Ginnie Mae guidelines.


Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023		2022
Carrying value of loans sold	$	25,765	$	19,906	$	48,891
Proceeds received from loan sales as cash	$	2,380	$	300	$	22
Proceeds from loan sales as securities(a)(b)	23,178		19,389		48,096
Total proceeds received from loan sales(c)	$	25,558	$	19,689	$	48,118
Gains/(losses) on loan sales(d)(e)	$	—	$	—	$	(25)

(a)Includes securities from U.S. GSEs and Ginnie Mae that are generally sold shortly after receipt or retained as part of the Firm’s investment securities portfolio.

(b)Included in level 2 assets.

(c)Excludes the value of MSRs retained upon the sale of loans.

(d)Gains/(losses) on loan sales include the value of MSRs.

(e)The carrying value of the loans accounted for at fair value approximated the proceeds received upon loan sale.

Schedule of loans repurchased and options to repurchase delinquent loans


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Loans repurchased or option to repurchase(a)	$	577	$	597
Real estate owned	6		8
Foreclosed government-guaranteed residential mortgage loans(b)	10		22

(a)Primarily all of these amounts relate to loans that have been repurchased from Ginnie Mae loan pools.

(b)Relates to voluntary repurchases of loans, which are included in accrued interest and accounts receivable.

Information about delinquencies, net charge-offs, and components of off-balance sheet securitized financial assets


As of or for the year ended December 31, (in millions)	Securitized assets				90 days past due				Net liquidation losses / (recoveries)
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Securitized loans
Residential mortgage:
Prime/ Alt-A & option ARMs	$	50,846	$	39,319	$	501	$	440	$	10	$	14
Subprime	1,847		1,312		113		131		2		5
Commercial and other	125,510		120,262		1,715		2,874		77		60
Total loans securitized	$	178,203	$	160,893	$	2,329	$	3,445	$	89	$	79

Leases - Narrative (Details) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024 USD ($)
Leases [Abstract]
Operating lease, general lease terms (or less)	20 years
Additional future operating lease commitments not yet commenced	$ 887
Operating leases not yet commenced, lease terms (up to)	21 years

Regulatory Capital - Risk-Based Regulatory Requirements (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Basel III Standardized \| BHC
Minimum risk-based capital ratios
CET1 capital	0.123	0.114
Tier 1 capital	0.138	0.129
Total capital	0.158	0.149
Well capitalized risk-based capital ratios
SCB	3.30%
Basel III Standardized \| IDI
Minimum risk-based capital ratios
CET1 capital	0.070	0.070
Tier 1 capital	0.085	0.085
Total capital	0.105	0.105
Basel III Advanced \| BHC
Minimum risk-based capital ratios
CET1 capital	0.115	0.110
Tier 1 capital	0.130	0.125
Total capital	0.150	0.145
Well capitalized risk-based capital ratios
Capital conservation buffer	2.50%
Basel III Advanced \| IDI
Minimum risk-based capital ratios
CET1 capital	0.070	0.070
Tier 1 capital	0.085	0.085
Total capital	0.105	0.105
Basel III \| BHC
Well capitalized risk-based capital ratios
Tier 1 capital	0.060	0.060
Total capital	0.100	0.100
GSIB surcharge	4.50%
Countercyclical buffer	0
Basel III \| IDI
Well capitalized risk-based capital ratios
CET1 capital	0.065	0.065
Tier 1 capital	0.080	0.080
Total capital	0.100	0.100
Capital conservation buffer	2.50%	2.50%

Loans (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Receivables [Abstract]

Loan portfolio segment descriptions

Consumer, excluding

credit card

Credit card

Wholesale(c)(d)

• Residential real estate(a)

• Auto and other(b)

• Credit card loans

• Secured by real estate

• Commercial and industrial

• Other(e)

(a)Includes scored mortgage and home equity loans held in CCB and AWM, and scored mortgage loans held in CIB.

(b)Includes scored auto, business banking and consumer unsecured loans as well as overdrafts, primarily in CCB.

(c)Includes loans held in CIB, AWM, Corporate, and risk-rated exposure held in CCB, for which the wholesale methodology is applied when determining the allowance for loan losses.

(d)The wholesale portfolio segment's classes align with loan classifications as defined by the bank regulatory agencies, based on the loan's collateral, purpose, and type of borrower.

Loans by portfolio segment

The following tables summarize the Firm’s loan balances by portfolio segment.


December 31, 2024	Consumer, excluding credit card			Credit card			Wholesale			Total(a)(b)
(in millions)
Retained		$	376,334		$	232,860		$	690,396		$	1,299,590
Held-for-sale		945			—			6,103			7,048
At fair value		15,531			—			25,819			41,350
Total		$	392,810		$	232,860		$	722,318		$	1,347,988

December 31, 2023	Consumer, excluding credit card				Credit card			Wholesale			Total(a)(b)
(in millions)
Retained		$	397,275		$	211,123		$	672,472		$	1,280,870
Held-for-sale		487			—			3,498			3,985
At fair value		12,331			—			26,520			38,851
Total		$	410,093		$	211,123		$	702,490		$	1,323,706

The following table provides information about retained consumer loans, excluding credit card, by class.


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Residential real estate	$	309,513	$	326,409
Auto and other	66,821		70,866
Total retained loans	$	376,334	$	397,275

Retained loans purchased, sold and reclassified to held-for-sale


		2024
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card				Credit card			Wholesale			Total
Purchases		$	647	(b)(c)		$	—		$	1,432		$	2,079
Sales		10,440				—			45,147			55,587
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)		1,656				—			749			2,405


		2023
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card				Credit card			Wholesale				Total
Purchases		$	92,205	(b)(c)(d)		$	—		$	60,300	(d)		$	152,505
Sales		2,202				—			43,949				46,151
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)		274				—			1,486				1,760


		2022
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Consumer, excluding credit card				Credit card			Wholesale			Total
Purchases		$	1,625	(b)(c)		$	—		$	1,088		$	2,713
Sales		2,884				—			41,934			44,818
Retained loans reclassified to held-for-sale(a)		229				—			1,055			1,284

(a)Reclassifications of loans to held-for-sale are non-cash transactions.

Financing receivable credit quality indicators

The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.


(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2024
	Term loans by origination year(c)																		Revolving loans						Total
	2024			2023			2022			2021			2020			Prior to 2020			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)
Current	$	12,301		$	17,280		$	61,337		$	79,760		$	52,289		$	70,270		$	6,974		$	7,088		$	307,299
30–149 days past due	13			54			139			110			59			747			53			204			1,379
150 or more days past due	—			11			71			68			49			501			8			127			835
Total retained loans	$	12,314		$	17,345		$	61,547		$	79,938		$	52,397		$	71,518		$	7,035		$	7,419		$	309,513
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(b)	0.11		%	0.37		%	0.34		%	0.22		%	0.21		%	1.72		%	0.87		%	4.46		%	0.71		%
Gross charge-offs	$	—		$	—		$	1		$	1		$	—		$	176		$	21		$	7		$	206


(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2023
	Term loans by origination year(c)																		Revolving loans						Total
	2023			2022			2021			2020			2019			Prior to 2019			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans
Loan delinquency(a)
Current	$	23,216		$	64,366		$	84,496		$	55,546		$	21,530		$	59,563		$	7,479		$	8,151		$	324,347
30–149 days past due	33			74			89			70			41			801			49			223			1,380
150 or more days past due	1			10			17			8			21			456			5			164			682
Total retained loans	$	23,250		$	64,450		$	84,602		$	55,624		$	21,592		$	60,820		$	7,533		$	8,538		$	326,409
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans(b)	0.15		%	0.13		%	0.13		%	0.14		%	0.29		%	2.04		%	0.72		%	4.53		%	0.63		%
Gross charge-offs	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	4		$	167		$	26		$	7		$	204

(a)Individual delinquency classifications include mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies which were not material at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(c)Purchased loans are included in the year in which they were originated.

The following table provides information on nonaccrual and other credit quality indicators for retained residential real estate loans.


(in millions, except weighted-average data)	December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)(c)(d)	$	2,984		$	3,466

Current estimated LTV ratios(e)(f)(g)
Greater than 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	$	72		$	72
Less than 660	3			—
101% to 125% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	161			223
Less than 660	5			4
80% to 100% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	4,962			6,491
Less than 660	73			102
Less than 80% and refreshed FICO scores:
Equal to or greater than 660	294,797			309,251
Less than 660	8,534			9,277
No FICO/LTV available(h)	906			989

Total retained loans	$	309,513		$	326,409

Weighted-average LTV ratio(e)(i)	47		%	49		%
Weighted-average FICO(f)(i)	774			770

Geographic region(h)(j)
California	$	120,944		$	127,072
New York	46,854			48,815
Florida	21,820			22,778
Texas	14,531			15,506
Massachusetts	13,511			14,213
Colorado	10,465			10,800
Illinois	9,835			10,856
Washington	9,372			9,923
New Jersey	7,554			8,050
Connecticut	6,854			7,163
All other	47,773			51,233
Total retained loans	$	309,513		$	326,409

(b)Mortgage loans insured by U.S. government agencies excluded from nonaccrual loans were not material at December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(d)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was $160 million and $180 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

(f)Refreshed FICO scores represent each borrower’s most recent credit score, which is obtained by the Firm on at least a quarterly basis.

(h)Included U.S. government-guaranteed loans as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(i)Excludes loans with no FICO and/or LTV data available.

(j)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at December 31, 2024.

The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.


	December 31, 2024
(in millions, except ratios)	Term loans by origination year																	Revolving loans
	2024			2023			2022		2021			2020			Prior to 2020			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current	$	26,165		$	15,953		$	9,201	$	7,014		$	2,895		$	624		$	3,714		$	148		$	65,714
30–119 days past due	190			283			259		179			53			23			40			34			1,061
120 or more days past due	1			1			—		5			6			—			3			30			46
Total retained loans	$	26,356		$	16,237		$	9,460	$	7,198		$	2,954		$	647		$	3,757		$	212		$	66,821
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	0.72		%	1.75		%	2.74		2.50		%	1.76		%	3.55		%	1.14		%	30.19		%	1.64		%
Gross charge-offs	$	269		$	348		$	224	$	126		$	37		$	82		$	1		$	6		$	1,093


	December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)	Term loans by origination year																		Revolving loans
	2023			2022			2021			2020			2019			Prior to 2019			Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current	$	30,328		$	14,797		$	12,825		$	6,538		$	1,777		$	511		$	2,984		$	102		$	69,862
30–119 days past due	276			279			231			78			43			17			19			24			967
120 or more days past due	1			1			7			8			—			—			3			17			37
Total retained loans	$	30,605		$	15,077		$	13,063		$	6,624		$	1,820		$	528		$	3,006		$	143		$	70,866
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	0.91		%	1.86		%	1.75		%	1.15		%	2.36		%	3.22		%	0.73		%	28.67		%	1.39		%
Gross charge-offs	$	333		$	297		$	161		$	53		$	35		$	64		$	—		$	4		$	947

The following table provides information on nonaccrual and geographic region as a credit quality indicator for retained auto and other consumer loans.


(in millions)	Total Auto and other
	December 31, 2024		December 31, 2023
Nonaccrual loans(a)(b)	$	249	$	177

Geographic region(c)
California	$	10,321	$	10,959
Texas	7,772		8,502
Florida	5,428		5,684
New York	4,905		4,938
Illinois	2,890		3,147
New Jersey	2,468		2,609
Pennsylvania	2,012		1,900
Georgia	1,716		1,912
Arizona	1,643		1,779
North Carolina	1,597		1,714
All other	26,069		27,722
Total retained loans	$	66,821	$	70,866

(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was not material for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.

(c)The geographic regions presented in this table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at December 31, 2024.

The following tables provide information on delinquency and gross charge-offs.


(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2024
	Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	226,532		$	1,284		$	227,816
30–89 days past due and still accruing	2,291			109			2,400
90 or more days past due and still accruing	2,591			53			2,644
Total retained loans	$	231,414		$	1,446		$	232,860
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	2.11		%	11.20		%	2.17		%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans	1.12			3.67			1.14
Gross charge-offs	$	7,951		$	247		$	8,198


(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2023
	Within the revolving period			Converted to term loans			Total
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	205,731		$	882		$	206,613
30–89 days past due and still accruing	2,217			84			2,301
90 or more days past due and still accruing	2,169			40			2,209
Total retained loans	$	210,117		$	1,006		$	211,123
Loan delinquency ratios
% of 30+ days past due to total retained loans	2.09		%	12.33		%	2.14		%
% of 90+ days past due to total retained loans	1.03			3.98			1.05
Gross charge-offs	$	5,325		$	166		$	5,491

The following table provides information on other credit quality indicators for retained credit card loans.


(in millions, except ratios)	December 31, 2024			December 31, 2023
Geographic region(a)
California	$	36,385		$	32,652
Texas	24,423			22,086
New York	18,525			16,915
Florida	17,236			15,103
Illinois	12,442			11,364
New Jersey	9,644			8,688
Ohio	6,976			6,424
Colorado	6,962			6,307
Pennsylvania	6,558			6,088
Arizona	5,796			5,209
All other	87,913			80,287
Total retained loans	$	232,860		$	211,123
Percentage of portfolio based on carrying value with estimated refreshed FICO scores
Equal to or greater than 660	85.5		%	85.8		%
Less than 660	14.3			14.0
No FICO available	0.2			0.2

(a)The geographic regions presented in the table are ordered based on the magnitude of the corresponding loan balances at December 31, 2024.


December 31, (in millions, except ratios)	Secured by real estate						Commercial and industrial						Other(a)						Total retained loans
	2024			2023			2024			2023			2024			2023			2024			2023
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	114,280		$	120,405		$	70,862		$	72,624		$	286,528		$	265,809		$	471,670		$	458,838
Noninvestment-grade:
Noncriticized	37,422			34,241			83,191			80,637			72,743			75,178			193,356			190,056
Criticized performing	9,291			7,291			10,977			12,684			1,160			1,257			21,428			21,232
Criticized nonaccrual	1,439			401			1,760			1,221			743			724			3,942			2,346
Total noninvestment-grade	48,152			41,933			95,928			94,542			74,646			77,159			218,726			213,634
Total retained loans	$	162,432		$	162,338		$	166,790		$	167,166		$	361,174		$	342,968		$	690,396		$	672,472
% of investment-grade to total retained loans	70.36		%	74.17		%	42.49		%	43.44		%	79.33		%	77.50		%	68.32		%	68.23		%
% of total criticized to total retained loans	6.61			4.74			7.64			8.32			0.53			0.58			3.67			3.51
% of criticized nonaccrual to total retained loans	0.89			0.25			1.06			0.73			0.21			0.21			0.57			0.35


	Secured by real estate
(in millions)	December 31, 2024
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	10,002	$	9,834	$	25,284	$	22,796	$	15,548	$	29,488	$	1,328	$	—	$	114,280
Noninvestment-grade	4,238		5,366		14,717		8,567		3,462		10,392		1,317		93		48,152
Total retained loans	$	14,240	$	15,200	$	40,001	$	31,363	$	19,010	$	39,880	$	2,645	$	93	$	162,432
Gross charge-offs	$	72	$	18	$	43	$	2	$	109	$	80	$	—	$	—	$	324


	Secured by real estate
(in millions)	December 31, 2023
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	10,687	$	28,874	$	25,784	$	16,820	$	15,677	$	21,108	$	1,455	$	—	$	120,405
Noninvestment-grade	4,477		12,579		7,839		3,840		3,987		7,918		1,291		2		41,933
Total retained loans	$	15,164	$	41,453	$	33,623	$	20,660	$	19,664	$	29,026	$	2,746	$	2	$	162,338
Gross charge-offs	$	20	$	48	$	22	$	—	$	23	$	78	$	—	$	1	$	192


	Commercial and industrial
(in millions)	December 31, 2024
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	11,564	$	6,285	$	6,588	$	3,119	$	1,067	$	1,139	$	41,099	$	1	$	70,862
Noninvestment-grade	21,251		11,350		10,942		5,322		783		975		45,181		124		95,928
Total retained loans	$	32,815	$	17,635	$	17,530	$	8,441	$	1,850	$	2,114	$	86,280	$	125	$	166,790
Gross charge-offs	$	25	$	22	$	128	$	24	$	1	$	50	$	270	$	5	$	525


	Commercial and industrial
(in millions)	December 31, 2023
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	14,875	$	10,642	$	4,276	$	2,291	$	1,030	$	1,115	$	38,394	$	1	$	72,624
Noninvestment-grade	18,890		16,444		9,299		1,989		1,144		1,006		45,696		74		94,542
Total retained loans	$	33,765	$	27,086	$	13,575	$	4,280	$	2,174	$	2,121	$	84,090	$	75	$	167,166
Gross charge-offs	$	25	$	8	$	110	$	55	$	2	$	12	$	259	$	8	$	479


	Other(a)
(in millions)	December 31, 2024
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	30,484	$	17,039	$	13,272	$	6,288	$	8,632	$	7,382	$	201,949	$	1,482	$	286,528
Noninvestment-grade	11,784		7,248		5,918		3,296		1,366		1,886		42,954		194		74,646
Total retained loans	$	42,268	$	24,287	$	19,190	$	9,584	$	9,998	$	9,268	$	244,903	$	1,676	$	361,174
Gross charge-offs	$	—	$	38	$	3	$	36	$	40	$	50	$	6	$	—	$	173


	Other(a)
(in millions)	December 31, 2023
	Term loans by origination year												Revolving loans
	2023		2022		2021		2020		2019		Prior to 2019		Within the revolving period		Converted to term loans		Total
Loans by risk ratings
Investment-grade	$	38,338	$	18,034	$	10,033	$	10,099	$	3,721	$	6,662	$	176,728	$	2,194	$	265,809
Noninvestment-grade	14,054		8,092		6,169		2,172		811		2,001		43,801		59		77,159
Total retained loans	$	52,392	$	26,126	$	16,202	$	12,271	$	4,532	$	8,663	$	220,529	$	2,253	$	342,968
Gross charge-offs	$	5	$	298	$	8	$	8	$	—	$	8	$	13	$	—	$	340


December 31, (in millions, except ratios)	Multifamily						Other Commercial						Total retained loans secured by real estate
	2024			2023			2024			2023			2024			2023
Retained loans secured by real estate	$	101,114		$	100,725		$	61,318		$	61,613		$	162,432		$	162,338
Criticized	4,700			3,596			6,030			4,096			10,730			7,692
% of criticized to total retained loans secured by real estate	4.65		%	3.57		%	9.83		%	6.65		%	6.61		%	4.74		%
Criticized nonaccrual	$	337		$	76		$	1,102		$	325		$	1,439		$	401
% of criticized nonaccrual loans to total retained loans secured by real estate	0.33		%	0.08		%	1.80		%	0.53		%	0.89		%	0.25		%

Geographic distribution and delinquency

The following table provides information on the geographic distribution and delinquency for retained wholesale loans.


December 31, (in millions)	Secured by real estate				Commercial and industrial				Other				Total retained loans
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Loans by geographic distribution(a)
Total U.S.	$	159,209	$	159,499	$	127,626	$	127,638	$	278,077	$	262,499	$	564,912	$	549,636
Total non-U.S.	3,223		2,839		39,164		39,528		83,097		80,469		125,484		122,836
Total retained loans	$	162,432	$	162,338	$	166,790	$	167,166	$	361,174	$	342,968	$	690,396	$	672,472
Loan delinquency
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	159,949	$	161,314	$	164,104	$	164,899	$	359,191	$	341,128	$	683,244	$	667,341
30–89 days past due and still accruing	918		473		868		884		1,152		1,090		2,938		2,447
90 or more days past due and still accruing(b)	126		150		58		162		88		26		272		338
Criticized nonaccrual	1,439		401		1,760		1,221		743		724		3,942		2,346
Total retained loans	$	162,432	$	162,338	$	166,790	$	167,166	$	361,174	$	342,968	$	690,396	$	672,472

(a)The U.S. and non-U.S. distribution is determined based predominantly on the domicile of the borrower.

(b)Represents loans that are considered well-collateralized and therefore still accruing interest.

Payment status of FDMs

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained residential real estate FDMs during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.



Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Amortized cost basis
	2024		2023
Current	$	139	$	107
30-149 days past due	47		13
150 or more days past due	20		16
Total	$	206	$	136

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained credit card FDMs during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.



	Amortized cost basis
Year ended December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	811	$	558
30-89 days past due and still accruing	74		59
90 or more days past due and still accruing	41		31
Total	$	926	$	648

The following table provides information on the payment status of retained wholesale FDMs during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.


	Amortized cost basis
	Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other		Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other
(in millions)	Year ended December 31, 2024						Year ended December 31, 2023
Current and less than 30 days past due and still accruing	$	264	$	1,215	$	240	$	118	$	947	$	400
30-89 days past due and still accruing	3		13		9		2		42		—

Criticized nonaccrual	87		672		26		40		374		209
Total	$	354	$	1,900	$	275	$	160	$	1,363	$	609

Troubled debt restructuring on financing receivables nature and extent of modifications



Year ended December 31,	2022
Number of loans approved for a trial modification	3,902
Number of loans permanently modified	4,182
Concession granted:(a)
Interest rate reduction	54	%
Term or payment extension	67
Principal and/or interest deferred	10
Principal forgiveness	1
Other(b)	37

(b)Includes variable interest rate to fixed interest rate modifications and payment delays that meet the definition of a TDR.

Troubled debt restructuring on financing receivables, financial effects of modifications and re-defaults


Year ended December 31, (in millions, except weighted - average data)	2022
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – before TDR	4.75		%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans with interest rate reductions – after TDR	3.35
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – before TDR	22
Weighted-average remaining contractual term (in years) of loans with term or payment extensions – after TDR	38
Charge-offs recognized upon permanent modification	$	1
Principal deferred	16
Principal forgiven	2
Balance of loans that defaulted within one year of permanent modification(a)	$	147


Year ended December 31, (in millions, except weighted-average data)	2022
Balance of new TDRs(a)	$	418
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – before TDR	19.86		%
Weighted-average interest rate of loans – after TDR	4.13
Balance of loans that defaulted within one year of modification(b)	$	34

(a)Represents the outstanding balance prior to modification.

Financial effects of FDMs

The following table provides information on retained credit card FDMs.



Year ended December 31, (in millions)	Loan modifications
		2024			2023
Term extension and interest rate reduction(a)(b)
Amortized cost basis		$	926		$	648
% of total modifications to total retained credit card loans		0.40		%	0.31		%
Financial effect of loan modifications		Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.64% to 3.20%			Term extension with a reduction in the weighted average contractual interest rate from 23.19% to 3.64%

(a)Term extension includes credit card loans whose terms have been modified under long-term programs by placing the customer’s credit card account on a fixed payment plan.

(b)The interest rates represent weighted average at the time of modification.

The following tables provide information on retained wholesale loan modifications considered FDMs.


(in millions, except ratios)		Secured by real estate
	Year ended December 31, 2024
		Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications

Term extension		$	271	0.17	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 21 months

Other-than-insignificant payment deferral		37		0.02		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts re-amortized over the remaining tenor
Multiple modifications

Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and interest rate reduction		46		0.03		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts recaptured at maturity and reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 162 bps

Total		$	354


	Secured by real estate
	Year ended December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Secured by real estate loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	149	0.09	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 14 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	3		—		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining life of the loan
Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and interest rate reduction	5		—		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at maturity and reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 184 bps

Other(a)	3		—		NM
Total	$	160

(a) Includes a loan with multiple modifications.


(in millions, except ratios)		Commercial and industrial
	Year ended December 31, 2024
		Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension		$	1,180	0.71	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 20 months

Other-than-insignificant payment deferral		464		0.28		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining tenor

Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension		175		0.10		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts recaptured at maturity and extended loans by a weighted-average of 18 months


Interest rate reduction and term extension		51		0.03		Reduced weighted-average contractual interest by 434 bps and extended loans by a weighted-average of 36 months
Other(a)		30		0.02		NM
Total		$	1,900

(a) Includes loans with single and multiple modifications.


	Commercial and industrial
	Year ended December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Commercial and industrial loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	916	0.55	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 17 months
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	402		0.24		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period
Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension	35		0.02		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily re-amortized over the remaining life of the loan and extended loans by a weighted-average of 7 months


Interest rate reduction and term extension	1		—		Reduced weighted average contractual interest rate over the life of the loan as a result of converting from variable to fixed rate and extended loans by a weighted-average of 16 months
Other(a)	9		—		NM
Total	$	1,363

(a) Include loans with multiple modifications.


(in millions, except ratios)		Other
	Year ended December 31, 2024
		Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans		Financial effect of loan modification
Single modifications

Term extension		$	268	0.07	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 28 months


Multiple modifications

Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension		2		—		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts recaptured at maturity and extended loans by a weighted-average of 6 months
Other(a)		5		—		NM
Total		$	275

(a) Includes loans with a single modification.


	Other
	Year ended December 31, 2023
(in millions, except ratios)	Amortized cost basis		% of loan modifications to total retained Other loans		Financial effect of loan modifications
Single modifications
Term extension	$	355	0.10	%	Extended loans by a weighted-average of 23 months

Multiple modifications
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral and term extension	245		0.07		Provided payment deferrals with delayed amounts primarily recaptured at the end of the deferral period and extended loans by a weighted-average of 137 months
Other(a)	$	9	—		NM
Total	$	609

(a) Includes a loan with a single modification.

Nonaccrual loans

The following table provides information on retained wholesale nonaccrual loans.


December 31, (in millions)	Secured by real estate				Commercial and industrial				Other				Total retained loans
	2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023		2024		2023
Nonaccrual loans
With an allowance	$	366	$	129	$	1,362	$	776	$	555	$	492	$	2,283	$	1,397
Without an allowance(a)	1,073		272		398		445		188		232		1,659		949
Total nonaccrual loans(b)	$	1,439	$	401	$	1,760	$	1,221	$	743	$	724	$	3,942	$	2,346

(b)Interest income on nonaccrual loans recognized on a cash basis was $51 million and $19 million for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Defaults of FDMs


	Amortized cost basis
	Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other		Secured by real estate		Commercial and industrial		Other
(in millions)	Year ended December 31, 2024				Year ended December 31, 2023
Term extension	$	3	$	92	$	22	$	1	$	49	$	31
Other-than-insignificant payment deferral	—		118		—		2		—		—

Interest rate reduction and term extension	—		—		—		3		1		—
Total(a)	$	3	$	210	$	22	$	6	$	50	$	31

(a)Represents FDMs that were 30 days or more past due.

Common Stock - Narrative (Details) - USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2024	Jul. 01, 2024	Jun. 30, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock, shares authorized (in shares)	9,000,000,000			9,000,000,000
Common stock, par value (in dollars per share)	$ 1			$ 1
Stock repurchase program, authorized amount		$ 30,000,000,000	$ 30,000,000,000
Common stock
Class of Stock [Line Items]
Common stock capital shares reserved for future issuance (in shares)	58,800,000

Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.

Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]

Income Taxes - Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Deferred tax assets
Allowance for loan losses	$ 6,117	$ 5,809
Employee benefits	1,165	1,247
Accrued expenses and other	8,881	9,887
Depreciation and amortization	386	0
Non-U.S. operations	948	860
Tax attribute carryforwards	352	290
Gross deferred tax assets	17,849	18,093
Valuation allowance	(249)	(183)
Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance	17,600	17,910
Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation and amortization	0	779
Mortgage servicing rights, net of hedges	1,912	1,794
Leasing transactions	2,249	2,254
Other, net	1,264	2,935
Gross deferred tax liabilities	5,425	7,762
Net deferred tax assets	12,175	$ 10,148
State and local \| Capital loss carryforward
Deferred tax liabilities
Tax credit carryforwards	914
U.S. federal
Deferred tax liabilities
NOL carryforwards	496
U.S. federal \| Other tax attributes
Deferred tax liabilities
Tax credit carryforwards	111
Non-U.S.
Deferred tax liabilities
NOL carryforwards	$ 958

Parent Company - Statements of Cash Flows (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Operating activities
Net income/(loss)	$ 58,471	$ 49,552	$ 37,676
Other operating adjustments	6,160	4,581	2,339
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities	(42,012)	12,974	107,119
Investing activities
All other investing activities, net	(2,146)	(16,740)	(11,932)
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities	(163,403)	67,643	(137,819)
Financing activities
Net change in: Short-term borrowings		(1,934)	(8,984)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	109,915	75,417	78,442
Payments of long-term borrowings	(96,605)	(64,880)	(45,556)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock	2,500	0	0
Redemption of preferred stock	(9,850)	0	(7,434)
Treasury stock repurchased	(18,830)	(9,824)	(3,162)
Dividends paid	(14,783)	(13,463)	(13,562)
All other financing activities, net	(1,469)	(1,521)	234
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities	63,447	(25,571)	(126,257)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and due from banks and deposits with banks	(154,834)	56,917	(173,600)
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at the beginning of the period	624,151	567,234	740,834
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at the end of the period	469,317	624,151	567,234
Cash interest paid	99,642	77,114	23,143
Cash income taxes paid, net	11,715	9,908	4,355
JPMorgan Chase & Co.
Operating activities
Net income/(loss)	58,471	49,552	37,676
Less: Net income of subsidiaries and affiliates	72,781	62,868	44,699
Parent company net loss	(14,310)	(13,316)	(7,023)
Cash dividends from subsidiaries and affiliates	37,000	61,000	40,500
Other operating adjustments	(44,671)	9,412	(23,747)
Net cash (used in)/provided by operating activities	(21,981)	57,096	9,730
Investing activities
Net change in: Advances to and investments in subsidiaries and affiliates, net	0	(25,000)	0
All other investing activities, net	21	25	31
Net cash (used in)/provided by investing activities	21	(24,975)	31
Financing activities
Net change in: Borrowings from subsidiaries and affiliates	49,902	(2,249)	(4,491)
Net change in: Short-term borrowings	(999)	0	0
Proceeds from long-term borrowings	44,997	19,398	41,389
Payments of long-term borrowings	(29,753)	(25,105)	(18,294)
Proceeds from issuance of preferred stock	2,500	0	0
Redemption of preferred stock	(9,850)	0	(7,434)
Treasury stock repurchased	(18,830)	(9,824)	(3,162)
Dividends paid	(14,783)	(13,463)	(13,562)
All other financing activities, net	(1,270)	(879)	(1,205)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities	21,914	(32,122)	(6,759)
Net increase/(decrease) in cash and due from banks and deposits with banks	(46)	(1)	3,002
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at the beginning of the period	9,846	9,847	6,845
Cash and due from banks and deposits with banks at the end of the period	9,800	9,846	9,847
Cash interest paid	14,851	13,742	7,462
Cash income taxes paid, net	$ 6,252	$ 10,291	$ 6,941

Premises and Equipment - Narrative (Details)	Dec. 31, 2024
Building and leasehold improvements \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	10 years
Building and leasehold improvements \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	50 years
Internal-use software and furniture and equipment \| Minimum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	3 years
Internal-use software and furniture and equipment \| Maximum
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Useful life	10 years

Fair Value Measurement - Level 3 Analysis (Details) - Recurring - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Level 3 Analysis - Supplemental Data [Abstract]
Assets fair value	$ 1,479,913	$ 1,130,863
MSRs
Level 3 Analysis - Supplemental Data [Abstract]
Increase (decrease) in level 3 assets	599
Other assets
Level 3 Analysis - Supplemental Data [Abstract]
Increase (decrease) in level 3 assets	586
Derivative receivables
Level 3 Analysis - Supplemental Data [Abstract]
Increase (decrease) in level 3 assets	(472)
Non-trading loans
Level 3 Analysis - Supplemental Data [Abstract]
Increase (decrease) in level 3 assets	(663)
Level 3
Level 3 Analysis - Supplemental Data [Abstract]
Assets fair value	23,783	$ 23,656
Increase (decrease) in level 3 assets	$ 127

Loans - Wholesale Loan Portfolio, Nature and Extend of TDRs (Details) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($)
Wholesale
Financing Receivable, Modified [Line Items]
New TDRs	$ 801

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) - Components of Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	12 Months Ended
	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023	Dec. 31, 2022
Unrealized gains/(losses) on AFS securities:
Net change, Pre-tax	$ (1,631)	$ 8,567	$ (21,744)
Net change, Tax effect	(382)	(1,669)	4,487
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax	(2,013)	6,898	(17,257)
Decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income as a result of settlement and remeasurement of the plan			1,400
Unrealized gains/(losses) on investment securities
Unrealized gains/(losses) on AFS securities:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period/Translation, Pre-tax	(1,135)	3,891	(17,862)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period/Translation, Tax effect	274	(922)	4,290
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period/Translation, After-tax	(861)	2,969	(13,572)
Reclassification, Pre-tax	1,021	3,180	2,380
Reclassification, Tax effect	(247)	(768)	(572)
Reclassification, After-tax	774	2,412	1,808
Net change, Pre-tax	(114)	7,071	(15,482)
Net change, Tax effect	27	(1,690)	3,718
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax	(87)	5,381	(11,764)
Translation adjustments
Unrealized gains/(losses) on AFS securities:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period/Translation, Pre-tax	(4,385)	1,714	(3,574)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period/Translation, Tax effect	250	(95)	265
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period/Translation, After-tax	(4,135)	1,619	(3,309)
Reclassification, Pre-tax	4,322	(1,697)	3,553
Reclassification, Tax effect	(1,045)	407	(855)
Reclassification, After-tax	3,277	(1,290)	2,698
Net change, Pre-tax	(63)	17	(21)
Net change, Tax effect	(795)	312	(590)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax	(858)	329	(611)
Reclassification of net pre-tax gains (losses)	7	(3)	(8)
Reclassification of pre-tax gains related to net investment hedges	89	(35)	38
Reclassification of pre-tax losses related to cumulative translation adjustments	(82)
Fair value hedges, net of change
Unrealized gains/(losses) on AFS securities:
Net change, Pre-tax	(115)	(134)	130
Net change, Tax effect	28	33	(32)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax	(87)	(101)	98
Cash flow hedges
Unrealized gains/(losses) on AFS securities:
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period/Translation, Pre-tax	(3,742)	483	(7,473)
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period/Translation, Tax effect	904	(114)	1,794
Net unrealized gains/(losses) arising during the period/Translation, After-tax	(2,838)	369	(5,679)
Reclassification, Pre-tax	2,579	1,775	420
Reclassification, Tax effect	(623)	(420)	(101)
Reclassification, After-tax	1,956	1,355	319
Net change, Pre-tax	(1,163)	2,258	(7,053)
Net change, Tax effect	281	(534)	1,693
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax	(882)	1,724	(5,360)
Defined benefit pension and OPEB plans
Unrealized gains/(losses) on AFS securities:
Net change, Pre-tax	(131)	421	(1,459)
Net change, Tax effect	68	(48)	218
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax	(63)	373	(1,241)
DVA on fair value option elected liabilities, net change
Unrealized gains/(losses) on AFS securities:
Net change, Pre-tax	(45)	(1,066)	2,141
Net change, Tax effect	9	258	(520)
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), after–tax	$ (36)	$ (808)	$ 1,621

Derivative Instruments - Derivatives Netting (Details) - USD ($) $ in Millions	Dec. 31, 2024	Dec. 31, 2023
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	$ 658,609	$ 531,221
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(604,620)	(484,384)
Net derivative receivables	53,989	46,837
Derivative receivables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained	6,978	8,027
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Gross derivate receivables	665,587	539,248
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	60,967	54,864
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	(28,160)	(22,461)
Net amounts, Net derivative receivables	32,807	32,403
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	645,095	537,679
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(613,557)	(506,125)
Net derivative payables	31,538	31,554
Derivative payables where an appropriate legal opinion has not been either sought or obtained	$ 8,123	$ 9,293
Derivative Liability, Statement of Financial Position [Extensible Enumeration]	Trading Liabilities	Trading Liabilities
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Gross derivative payables	$ 653,218	$ 546,972
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	39,661	40,847
Collateral not nettable on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	(10,163)	(4,547)
Net amounts, Net derivative payables	29,498	36,300
Net cash collateral receivables	51,900	48,300
Netted cash collateral payables	60,800	70,000
Interest rate contracts
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	289,381	248,722
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(265,789)	(224,367)
Net derivative receivables	23,592	24,355
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Gross derivate receivables	290,734	250,691
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	24,945	26,324
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	273,133	238,344
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(264,989)	(228,586)
Net derivative payables	8,144	9,758
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Gross derivative payables	274,228	240,482
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	9,239	11,896
Interest rate contracts \| OTC
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	158,202	176,901
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(134,791)	(152,703)
Net derivative receivables	23,411	24,198
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	138,215	161,901
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(130,375)	(152,467)
Net derivative payables	7,840	9,434
Interest rate contracts \| OTC–cleared
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	130,989	71,419
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(130,810)	(71,275)
Net derivative receivables	179	144
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	134,555	76,007
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(134,262)	(75,729)
Net derivative payables	293	278
Interest rate contracts \| Exchange-traded
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	190	402
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(188)	(389)
Net derivative receivables	2	13
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	363	436
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(352)	(390)
Net derivative payables	11	46
Credit contracts
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	10,947	9,541
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(10,273)	(9,103)
Net derivative receivables	674	438
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Gross derivate receivables	11,087	9,654
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	814	551
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	13,160	11,971
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(11,898)	(10,949)
Net derivative payables	1,262	1,022
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Gross derivative payables	13,796	12,038
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	1,898	1,089
Credit contracts \| OTC
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	8,680	7,637
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(8,030)	(7,226)
Net derivative receivables	650	411
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	11,381	10,332
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(10,133)	(9,313)
Net derivative payables	1,248	1,019
Credit contracts \| OTC–cleared
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	2,267	1,904
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(2,243)	(1,877)
Net derivative receivables	24	27
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	1,779	1,639
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(1,765)	(1,636)
Net derivative payables	14	3
Foreign exchange contracts
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	260,327	204,099
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(237,608)	(187,756)
Net derivative receivables	22,719	16,343
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Gross derivate receivables	262,920	205,775
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	25,312	18,019
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	252,646	209,944
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(238,970)	(199,643)
Net derivative payables	13,676	10,301
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Gross derivative payables	254,567	212,263
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	15,597	12,620
Foreign exchange contracts \| OTC
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	259,608	203,624
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(236,931)	(187,295)
Net derivative receivables	22,677	16,329
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	251,860	209,386
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(238,292)	(199,173)
Net derivative payables	13,568	10,213
Foreign exchange contracts \| OTC–cleared
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	685	469
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(677)	(459)
Net derivative receivables	8	10
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	772	552
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(678)	(470)
Net derivative payables	94	82
Foreign exchange contracts \| Exchange-traded
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	34	6
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	0	(2)
Net derivative receivables	34	4
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	14	6
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	0	0
Net derivative payables	14	6
Equity contracts
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	84,309	55,463
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(79,935)	(52,761)
Net derivative receivables	4,374	2,702
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Gross derivate receivables	85,220	57,689
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	5,285	4,928
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	93,972	63,136
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(87,491)	(56,443)
Net derivative payables	6,481	6,693
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Gross derivative payables	96,139	65,811
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	8,648	9,368
Equity contracts \| OTC
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	33,269	25,001
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(30,742)	(23,677)
Net derivative receivables	2,527	1,324
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	44,394	29,999
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(38,298)	(27,360)
Net derivative payables	6,096	2,639
Equity contracts \| Exchange-traded
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	51,040	30,462
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(49,193)	(29,084)
Net derivative receivables	1,847	1,378
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	49,578	33,137
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(49,193)	(29,083)
Net derivative payables	385	4,054
Commodity contracts
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	13,645	13,396
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(11,015)	(10,397)
Net derivative receivables	2,630	2,999
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Gross derivate receivables	15,626	15,439
Total derivative receivables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative receivables	4,611	5,042
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	12,184	14,284
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(10,209)	(10,504)
Net derivative payables	1,975	3,780
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Gross derivative payables	14,488	16,378
Total derivative payables recognized on the Consolidated balance sheets, Net derivative payables	4,279	5,874
Commodity contracts \| OTC
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	8,340	8,049
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(5,848)	(5,084)
Net derivative receivables	2,492	2,965
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	6,918	8,788
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(5,206)	(5,192)
Net derivative payables	1,712	3,596
Commodity contracts \| OTC–cleared
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	126	133
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(84)	(123)
Net derivative receivables	42	10
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	84	120
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(84)	(120)
Net derivative payables	0	0
Commodity contracts \| Exchange-traded
Gross and Net Derivative Receivables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative receivables	5,179	5,214
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(5,083)	(5,190)
Net derivative receivables	96	24
Gross and Net Derivative Payables by Contract and Settlement Type:
Gross derivative payables	5,182	5,376
Amounts netted on the Consolidated balance sheets	(4,919)	(5,192)
Net derivative payables	$ 263	$ 184

Pledged Assets and Collateral - Pledged Assets (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions

Dec. 31, 2024

Dec. 31, 2023

Dec. 31, 2022

Assets that may be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties

$ 4,002,814

^[1]

$ 3,875,393

^[1]

$ 3,665,743

Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]

Assets that may not be sold or repledged or otherwise used by secured parties

152,500

145,000

Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]

Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]

297,900

244,200

Asset pledged

Asset pledged | Assets pledged at Federal Reserve banks and FHLBs

1,174,400

1,064,800

Financial Instruments Owned and Pledged as Collateral [Line Items]

$ 724,000

$ 675,600

[1]


December 31, (in millions)	2024		2023
Assets
Trading assets	$	3,885	$	2,170
Loans	36,510		37,611
All other assets	681		591
Total assets	$	41,076	$	40,372
Liabilities
Beneficial interests issued by consolidated VIEs	$	27,323	$	23,020
All other liabilities	454		263
Total liabilities	$	27,777	$	23,283

Amount of asset recognized for present right to economic benefit.

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